“Shin Sang-ok”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Shin Sang-ok (October 11, 1926 – April 11, 2006) was a South Korean film producer and director with more than 100 producer and 70 director credits to his name. His best-known films were made in the 1950s and 60s when he was known as The Prince of South Korean Cinema. He received the Gold Crown Cultural Medal, the country's top honor for an artist. He is also known for having been kidnapped by the then North Korean leader, Kim Jong-il, for the purpose of producing critically acclaimed films. He was born Shin Tae-seo; he later changed his name to Shin Sang-ok when he started working in the film industry.

Early life

The son of a prominent doctor of Chinese medicine, Shin Sang-ok was born in Chongjin, in the northeastern part of the Korean Peninsula, at the time occupied by Japan and currently a part of North Korea. Shin studied in Japan at Tokyo Fine Arts School, the predecessor of Tokyo National University of Fine Arts and Music, before returning to Korea three years later.^[1]^[2]

Shin started his film career as an assistant production designer on Choi In-kyu's Viva Freedom!, the first Korean film made after the country achieved independence from Japan. During the "Golden Age" of South Korean cinema in the late 1950s and 1960s, Shin worked prolifically, often directing two or more films per year, earning the nickname the "Prince of South Korean Cinema"^[3] Shin featured the Western princess, female sex workers for American soldiers, in The Evil Night (1952) and A Flower in Hell (1958).^[4] The production company he started, Shin Films, produced around 300 films during the 1960s,^[2] including Prince Yeonsan (1961), the winner of the Best Film prize at the first Grand Bell Awards ceremony, and a Grand Bell Award-winning 1964 remake of Na Woon-gyu's 1926 Beongeoli Sam-ryong.

During the 1970s, Shin became less active, while South Korea's cinema industry in general suffered under strict censorship and constant government interference. Most of the films he directed during this period ended up being flops. After Shin ran afoul of the repressive government in 1978, General Park Chung-hee closed Shin's studio.^[2]

North Korean period (1978–1986)

In 1978, Shin's former wife, Choi Eun-hee, an actress who starred in many of his films, was kidnapped in Hong Kong and taken to North Korea. Shin himself came under suspicion of causing her disappearance, and when he traveled to Hong Kong to investigate, he was kidnapped as well. The kidnappings were on orders of future leader Kim Jong-il, who wanted to establish a film industry for his country to sway international opinion regarding the views of the Workers' Party of Korea.^[5]^[6] The North Korean authorities have denied the kidnapping accusations, claiming that Shin came to the country willingly. Shin and Choi made secret audiotapes of conversations with Kim Jong-il, which supported their story.^[6]{{sfn|Fischer|2015|p=}}^[11]

Shin was put in comfortable accommodation, but after two escape attempts was placed in a prison for over two years. Once his re-education in North Korean ideology was thought complete, he was taken to Pyongyang in 1983 to meet Kim Jong-il and learn why he had been abducted to North Korea.^[6] His ex-wife was brought to the same dinner party, where she first learned that Shin was also in North Korea. They remarried shortly afterwards, as suggested by Kim Jong-il.{{sfn|Fischer|2015|p=}}^[7]

From 1983 on, Shin directed seven films, with Kim Jong-il acting as an executive producer. The last and best-known of these films is Pulgasari, a giant-monster film similar to the Japanese Godzilla. In 1986, eight years after his kidnapping, Shin and his wife escaped while in Vienna for a film festival.^[6] They managed to obtain political asylum from the US embassy in Vienna and Kim Jong-il became convinced that the couple had been kidnapped by the Americans. Shin and his wife lived covertly for two years in Reston, Virginia, under American protection, and authorities debriefed the couple about Kim Jong-il and their experiences in North Korea.{{sfn|Fischer|2015|p=}}^[11]

Later career (1986–2006)

Shin and his wife moved to Los Angeles, where he worked in the 1990s under the pseudonym Simon Sheen, directing 3 Ninjas Knuckle Up and working as an executive producer for 3 Ninjas Kick Back and High Noon at Mega Mountain.

At first, Shin was reluctant to go back to South Korea, because he feared that the government's security police would not believe the kidnapping story; he eventually returned to South Korea permanently in 1994 and continued to work on new movies. The same year, he was invited to the Cannes Film Festival as a jury member. His last movie as a director was an unreleased 2002 film called Kyeoul-iyagi (The Story of Winter).

In 2004, Shin underwent a liver transplant. He died of complications caused by hepatitis two years later. At the time of his death he was planning a musical about Genghis Khan. South Korean President Roh Moo-hyun posthumously awarded Shin the Gold Crown Cultural Medal on April 12, 2006, the country's top honor for an artist.

In media

In 2015, an English language biography of his life (along with Choi Eun-hee), called A Kim Jong-Il Production: The Extraordinary True Story of a Kidnapped Filmmaker, was published by Paul Fischer.^[8]

In January 2016, at the 2016 Sundance Film Festival, in the World Cinema Documentary Competition, a documentary about the North Korean ordeal, entitled The Lovers and the Despot and directed by Robert Cannan and Ross Adam, was presented.^[9]

Works

Filmography

Bibliography

See also

References

1. ^"Accounting practices blamed for slump in Japanese films" by Kakumi Kobayashi, Japan Times, October 13, 2000, retrieved January 26, 2006
2. ^¹²Biography at asianfilms.org {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060210002601/http://www.asianfilms.org/korea/shinsangok.html |date=2006-02-10 }}
3. ^"Pleasure and Pain" by Chuck Stephens, The Village Voice, February 27 – March 5, 2002
4. ^{{cite news | title=The Reel Story | date=2002-01-18 | publisher=Joongang Daily | url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joinsmsn.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=1899522 | first=Inēs | last=Cho | accessdate=2013-04-12 | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130619002037/http://koreajoongangdaily.joinsmsn.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=1899522 | archivedate=2013-06-19 | df= }}
5. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.thisamericanlife.org/radio-archives/episode/556/same-bed-different-dreams?act=1#play | title=Same Bed, Different Dreams | work=This American Life | date=2015-05-02 | accessdate=2015-05-01 }}
6. ^¹²³"The producer from hell" by John Gorenfeld, The Guardian, April 4, 2003, retrieved January 26, 2006
7. ^Obituary The Economist, April 27, 2006
8. ^{{cite book |url=https://www.amazon.com/Kim-Jong-Il-Production-Extraordinary-Kidnapped-ebook/dp/B00NS3NBY8 |title=A Kim Jong-Il Production: The Extraordinary True Story of a Kidnapped Filmmaker |publisher=Flatiron Books |author=Paul Fischer |year=2015 |ISBN=978-1250054265 |accessdate=March 9, 2015}}
9. ^[https://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/jan/24/the-lovers-and-the-despot-study-of-kim-jong-ils-cinephilia-is-hard-to-adore "The Lovers and the Despot: study of Kim Jong-Il's cinephilia is hard to adore"] by Jordan Hoffman, The Guardian, 24 January 2016, retrieved October 22, 2016
10. ^List of South Korean films of 1974
11. ^{{cite book|author=Lee Hyangjin|title=Contemporary Korean Cinema: Culture, Identity and Politics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wRE0Rluoe4sC&pg=PA67|year=2000|publisher=Manchester University Press|location=Manchester|isbn=978-0-7190-6008-3|page=67}}
12. ^¹²{{cite journal |first1= Michael Donald|last1=Kirby |authorlink1=Michael Kirby (judge) |first2=Sonja |last2=Biserko |authorlink2=Sonja Biserko |first3= Marzuki|last3=Darusman |authorlink3=Marzuki Darusman |date=7 February 2014 |title=Report of the detailed findings of the commission of inquiry on human rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea - A/HRC/25/CRP.1 |journal= |volume= |issue= |publisher=United Nations Human Rights Council |url= http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/CoIDPRK/Report/A.HRC.25.CRP.1_ENG.doc|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227104633/http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/CoIDPRK/Report/A.HRC.25.CRP.1_ENG.doc | archivedate= February 27, 2014 |deadurl=no |pages=288–289 (Paragraph 905) |quote= In 1978, South Korean Actress Ms Choi Un-hee was abducted from Hong Kong after travelling there to meet people in the movie industry. After being forced onto a boat by DPRK agents, Ms Choi demanded an explanation from the abductors, to which they replied "Madam Choi, we are now going to the bosom of General Kim Il-sung". On her arrival in the DPRK on 22 January, she was met by Kim Jong-il who took her on a tour of Pyongyang. Upon learning of her disappearance, Ms Choi's ex-husband Shin Sang-ok, a leading filmmaker, went to Hong Kong to look for her. He was also abducted from Hong Kong by the same DPRK agent in July 1978. Kim Jong-il said to Mr Shin upon his arrival in the DPRK "I had ordered the operations group to carry out a project to bring you here as I wanted a talented director like you to be in the North." This information is consistent with the accounts from former DPRK officials who were personally involved in abductions who indicated that Kim Jong-il personally signed off on abduction orders. During their time in the DPRK, Mr Shin Sang-ok and Ms Choi Un-hee were involved in a number of DPRK-produced movies of which Kim Jong-il was the executive producer. The couple escaped into the United States Embassy while visiting a film festival in Vienna in 1986. They later settled in the United States; Mr Shin has since passed away. }}