| 释义 |
- Etymology
- Description
- Cultivation
- Ecology
- Selected species
- References
- External links
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = Fleabane
| image = Erigeron Glaucus.jpg
| image_caption = Erigeron glaucus, seaside daisy
| display_parents = 3
| taxon = Erigeron
| authority = L.
| synonyms_ref = [1]
|synonyms={{collapsible list|bullets = true
|title=Synonymy
|Astradelphus J.Rémy
|Polyactis Less.
|Dimorphanthes Cass.
|Fragmosa Raf.
|Woodvillea DC.
|Stenactis Cass.
|Terranea Colla
|Conyzoides Fabr.
|Trimorpha Cass.
|Eschenbachia Moench
|Brachyactis Ledeb.
|Musteron Raf.
|Heterochaeta DC. 1836, illegitimate homonym not Besser 1827 (Poaceae)
|Polyactidium DC.
|Wyomingia A.Nelson
|Fimbrillaria Cass.
|Trimorphaea Cass.
|Phalacroloma Cass.
|Asterigeron Rydb.
|Achaetogeron A.Gray
|Gusmania J.Rémy
|Diplemium Raf.}}}} Erigeron ({{IPAc-en|ᵻ|ˈ|r|ɪ|dʒ|ə|r|ɒ|n}})[2] is a large genus of plants in the daisy family.[3] It is sometimes confused with other closely related genera, Aster and the true daisy Bellis. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution in dry, mountainous areas and grassland, with the highest diversity in North America.[3][4][5][6][7]EtymologyIts English name, fleabane, is shared with related plants in several other genera. It appears to be derived from a belief that the dried plants repelled fleas [8] or that the plants were poisonous to fleas.[9] The generic name Erigeron is derived from the Ancient Greek words {{lang|grc|ἦρι}} (êri) "early in the morning" and {{lang|grc|γέρων}} (gérōn) "old man", a reference to the appearance of the white hairs of the fruit soon after flowering[10] or possibly alluding to the early appearance of the seed heads.[11] The noun {{lang|grc|γέρων}} is masculine,[12] so that specific epithets should have masculine endings (e.g. glaucus) to agree with it. However, authors have incorrectly used neuter endings (e.g. glaucum), because the ending -on resembles the ending of Ancient Greek neuter second declension nouns, as Augustin Pyramus de Candolle did in his 1836 account of the genus.[13] DescriptionThe species may be annuals, biennials or perennials. They are well-branched with erect stems, characterized by their numerous white, lavender or pink ray flowers and yellow disc flowers. Some members of this group have no ray flowers. The pappus (= modified calyx, forming a crown) is shorter than in Aster, and consists of bristles. The ray florets are narrower than in Aster, but are clearly longer than the involucre (= whorled bracts). CultivationMany species are used as ornamental plants, with numerous named cultivars such as 'Wayne Roderick', 'Charity', 'Foersters Liebling' and 'Dunkelste aller' ("The darkest of all" with semi-double, deep violet flower heads).[14] EcologyErigeron species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Bucculatrix angustata, Coleophora squamosella (which feeds exclusively on E. acris), Schinia intermontana, Schinia obscurata (both of which also feed exclusively on Erigeron), Schinia sexata (which feeds exclusively on E. glabellus) and Schinia villosa. Selected species{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|- Erigeron abajoensis – Abajo fleabane
- Erigeron accedens
- Erigeron acer – Blue fleabane
- Erigeron acomanus – Bluewater fleabane
- Erigeron acutatus
- Erigeron aequifolius – Hall's fleabane, Hall's daisy
- Erigeron alaskanus
- Erigeron alcicornutus
- Erigeron algidus – Stalked fleabane
- Erigeron aliceae – Alice Eastwood's fleabane
- Erigeron allochrous
- Erigeron allocotus – Big Horn fleabane
- Erigeron alpicola
- Erigeron alpiniformis
- Erigeron alpinus – Alpine erigeron
- Erigeron altaicus
- Erigeron anchana – Sierra Ancha fleabane
- Erigeron angustatus
- Erigeron annuus – Eastern daisy fleabane
- Erigeron aphanactis – Rayless shaggy fleabane
- Erigeron aquarius
- Erigeron arenarioides – Sand fleabane
- Erigeron argentatus – Silver fleabane
- Erigeron arisolius – Arid Throne fleabane
- Erigeron arizonicus – Arizona fleabane
- Erigeron asperugineus – Idaho fleabane
- Erigeron atticus - Greek fleabane
- Erigeron aurantiacus – Orange daisy
- Erigeron aureus – Alpine yellow fleabane
- Erigeron austiniae
- Erigeron awapensis – Awapa fleabane
- Erigeron barbarensis
- Erigeron barbellulatus – Shining fleabane
- Erigeron basalticus – Basalt fleabane
- Erigeron bellidiastrum – Western daisy fleabane
- Erigeron bellioides
- Erigeron bigelovii – Bigelow's fleabane
- Erigeron biolettii – Biolett's erigeron
- Erigeron bistiensis
- Erigeron blochmaniae – Blochman's erigeron
- Erigeron bloomeri – Scabland fleabane
- Erigeron bonariensis
- Erigeron borealis – Alpine fleabane
- Erigeron breviscapinus – Life flower
- Erigeron breweri – Brewer's fleabane
- Erigeron caespitosus (syn. E. hyperboreus) – Tufted fleabane
- Erigeron calvus
- Erigeron canaani
- Erigeron canadensis
- Erigeron canus – Hoary fleabane
- Erigeron cascadensis – Cascade fleabane
- Erigeron caucasicus
- Erigeron cavernensis
- Erigeron cervinus – Siskiyou fleabane
- Erigeron chrysopsidis – Dwarf yellow fleabane, golden daisy/fleabane
- Erigeron cinereus
- Erigeron clokeyi – Clokey's fleabane
- Erigeron colomexicanus – Running fleabane
- Erigeron compactus – Fern-leaf fleabane
- Erigeron compositus – Cut-leaf fleabane, dwarf mountain fleabane
- Erigeron concinnus – Navajo fleabane
- Erigeron consimilis – Foothill fleabane
- Erigeron corymbosus – Long-leaf fleabane
- Erigeron coulteri – Large mountain fleabane
- Erigeron crenatus
- Erigeron cronquistii – Cronquist's fleabane
- Erigeron cuneifolius – Wedge-leaf fleabane
- Erigeron darrellianus – Darrell's fleabane
- Erigeron davisii
- Erigeron decumbens – Willamette fleabane
- Erigeron delicatus
- Erigeron delphinifolius
- Erigeron denalii
- Erigeron disparipilus – White cushion fleabane
- Erigeron divergens – Spreading fleabane
- Erigeron eatonii – Eaton's fleabane
- Erigeron elatior – Tall fleabane
- Erigeron elatus
- Erigeron elegantulus – Blue dwarf fleabane
- Erigeron elmeri
- Erigeron engelmannii – Engelmann's fleabane
- Erigeron eriocalyx
- Erigeron evermannii – Evermann's fleabane
- Erigeron eximius – Spruce-fir fleabane
- Erigeron filifolius – Thread-leaf fleabane
- Erigeron flabellifolius – Fan-leaf fleabane
- Erigeron flagellaris – Trailing fleabane
- Erigeron flettii – Flett's fleabane
- Erigeron floribundus - Cameroon traditional medicine
- Erigeron foliosus – Leafy fleabane
- Erigeron formosissimus – Beautiful fleabane
- Erigeron fragilis
- Erigeron frigidus
- Erigeron frondeus
- Erigeron fruticetorum
- Erigeron fuertesii
- Erigeron fukuyamae
- Erigeron furcatus
- Erigeron garrettii – Garrett's fleabane
- Erigeron geiseri – Geiser's fleabane
- Erigeron glabellus – Streamside fleabane
- Erigeron glabratus
- Erigeron glacialis
- Erigeron glaucus – Beach aster, beach daisy, seaside daisy
- Erigeron goodrichii – Uinta Mountain fleabane
- Erigeron gracilis – Quill fleabane
- Erigeron grandiflorus – Large-flower fleabane
- Erigeron greenei
- Erigeron heliographis – Heliograph Peak fleabane
- Erigeron hessii – Hess' fleabane
- Erigeron himalajensis
- Erigeron howellii – Howell's fleabane
- Erigeron hultenii – Hulten's fleabane
- Erigeron humilis – Arctic-alpine fleabane
- Erigeron hungaricus – Tatra Mountains in eastern Europe
- Erigeron hybridus
- Erigeron hyperboreus
- Erigeron hyssopifolius – Hyssop-leaf fleabane
- Erigeron inornatus – California rayless fleabane
- Erigeron irazuensis
- Erigeron jamaicensis – Jamaica fleabane
- Erigeron jonesii – Jones' fleabane
- Erigeron kachinensis – Kachina fleabane
- Erigeron karvinskianus – Latin American fleabane
- Erigeron kiukiangensis
- Erigeron klamathensis
- Erigeron krylovii
- Erigeron kunshanensis
- Erigeron kuschei – Chiricahua fleabane
- Erigeron lachnocephalus
- Erigeron lackschewitzii
- Erigeron lanatus – Woolly fleabane
- Erigeron lanuginosus
- Erigeron lassenianus – Mt. Lassen fleabane
- Erigeron latifolius
- Erigeron latus – Broad fleabane
- Erigeron leibergii – Leiberg's fleabane
- Erigeron leiomerus – Rockslide yellow fleabane
- Erigeron leioreades
- Erigeron lemmonii – Lemmon's fleabane
- Erigeron leucoglossus
- Erigeron linearis – Desert yellow fleabane
- Erigeron lobatus – Lobed fleabane
- Erigeron lonchophyllus – Shortray fleabane
- Erigeron maguirei – Maguire's fleabane
- Erigeron mairei – Atlas Mountains fleabane
- Erigeron mancus – Depauperate fleabane
- Erigeron maniopotamicus – Mad River fleabane
- Erigeron mariposanus
- Erigeron maxonii
- Erigeron melanocephalus – Black-head fleabane
- Erigeron mexiae – Mex's fleabane
- Erigeron miser – Starved fleabane
- Erigeron miyabeanus – Japanese fleabane
- Erigeron modestus – Plains fleabane
- Erigeron morrisonensis
- Erigeron muirii – Muir's fleabane
- Erigeron multiceps – Kern River fleabane
- Erigeron multifolius
- Erigeron multiradiatus – Himalayan fleabane
- Erigeron myosotis
- Erigeron nanus – Dwarf fleabane
- Erigeron nauseosus – Marysvale fleabane
- Erigeron neglectus
- Erigeron nematophyllus – Needle-leaf fleabane
- Erigeron neomexicanus – New Mexico fleabane
- Erigeron nivalis
- Erigeron ochroleucus – Buff fleabane
- Erigeron oharai
- Erigeron oreades
- Erigeron oreganus – Gorge fleabane
- Erigeron oreophilus – Chaparral fleabane
- Erigeron ovinus – Sheep fleabane
- Erigeron oxyphyllus – Wand fleabane
- Erigeron pacayensis
- Erigeron pallens
- Erigeron parishii – Parish's fleabane
- Erigeron patentisquama
- Erigeron peregrinus – Wandering fleabane, subalpine fleabane, foreign fleabane
- Erigeron parryi
- Erigeron peregrinus
- Erigeron petiolaris
- Erigeron petrophilus – Cliff fleabane, rock daisy
- Erigeron philadelphicus – Philadelphia fleabane/daisy
- Erigeron pinnatisectus – Feather-leaf fleabane
- Erigeron piperianus – Piper's fleabane
- Erigeron piscaticus – Fish Creek fleabane
- Erigeron poliospermus – Purple cushion fleabane
- Erigeron porphyrolepis
- Erigeron porsildii
- Erigeron pringlei – Pringle's fleabane
- Erigeron procumbens – Corpus Christi fleabane
- Erigeron proselyticus – Professor's fleabane
- Erigeron pseudoseravschanicus
- Erigeron pseudotenuicaulis
- Erigeron pubescens – Hairy fleabane
- Erigeron pulchellus – Robin's plantain
- Erigeron pulcherrimus – Basin fleabane
- Erigeron pumilus – Shaggy fleabane
- Erigeron purpurascens
- Erigeron purpuratus – Purple fleabane
- Erigeron pygmaeus – Pygmy fleabane
- Erigeron quercifolius – Oak-leaf fleabane
- Erigeron radicatus – Tap-root fleabane
- Erigeron reductus
- Erigeron religiosus – Clear Creek fleabane
- Erigeron rhizomatus – Zuni fleabane
- Erigeron robustior
- Erigeron roylei – Royle's fleabane
- Erigeron rybius – Royal fleabane
- Erigeron rydbergii – Rydberg's fleabane
- Erigeron salishii – Star Peak fleabane
- Erigeron salmonensis – Salmon River fleabane
- Erigeron sanctarum – Saints fleabane
- Erigeron saxatilis – Rock fleabane
- Erigeron sceptrifer – Scepter-bearing fleabane
- Erigeron schmalhausenii
- Erigeron scopulinus – Winn Falls fleabane
- Erigeron serpentinus
- Erigeron seravschanicus
- Erigeron simplex – One-stem fleabane
- Erigeron sionis – Zion fleabane
- Erigeron sivinskii
- Erigeron socorrensis
- Erigeron sparsifolius
- Erigeron speciosus – Aspen fleabane
- Erigeron strigosus – Prairie fleabane
- Erigeron subglaber – Hairless fleabane
- Erigeron subtrinervis – Three-nerve fleabane
- Erigeron sumatrensis
- Erigeron supplex – Supple fleabane
- Erigeron taipeiensis
- Erigeron tenellus – Rio Grande fleabane
- Erigeron tener – Slender fleabane
- Erigeron tenuis – Slender-leaf fleabane
- Erigeron thunbergii – Thunberg's fleabane
- Erigeron tianschanicus
- Erigeron tracyi
- Erigeron trifidus
- Erigeron tweedyi – Tweedy's fleabane
- Erigeron uintahensis – Uinta fleabane
- Erigeron uncialis – Lone fleabane
- Erigeron uniflorus – One-flowered fleabane
- Erigeron untermannii – Indian Canyon fleabane
- Erigeron ursinus – Bear River fleabane
- Erigeron utahensis – Utah fleabane
- Erigeron vagus – Rambling fleabane
- Erigeron velutipes
- Erigeron vernus – Early white-top fleabane
- Erigeron versicolor – Sonora fleabane
- Erigeron vetensis – Early blue-top fleabane
- Erigeron vicarius
- Erigeron vicinus
- Erigeron viscosum
- Erigeron vreelandii
- Erigeron watsonii – Watson's fleabane
- Erigeron wilkenii – Wilken's fleabane
- Erigeron yukonensis – Yukon fleabane
- Erigeron zothecinus – Lake Powell fleabane
}}References1. ^Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist
2. ^{{cite book |title=Sunset Western Garden Book |edition=6th |year=1995 |pages=606–607 |isbn=978-0-376-03850-0}}
3. ^1 {{Citation | last =Nesom | first =Guy L | authorlink=Guy L. Nesom | contribution =Erigeron | year =2006 | title =Flora of North America | editor-last =Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+ | editor-first = | volume =20 | pages =256 | contribution-url =http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=112000 | place=New York & Oxford | publisher =Oxford University Press | id =}}
4. ^[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/358884#page/305/mode/1up Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 2: 863-865] in Latin
5. ^Tropicos, Erigeron L.
6. ^{{cite book|title=RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants|year=2008|publisher=Dorling Kindersley|location=United Kingdom|isbn=1405332964|pages=1136}}
7. ^The Plant List, search for Erigeron
8. ^Frances Perry wrote in Collins Guide to Border Plants (2nd edition, 1956) p.146 that it was reputed to repel insects but that the name referred to a tropical species which has a particularly strong odour
9. ^see Oxford English Dictionary under 'Flea-bane' and under 'Bane' para 2.b. The earliest quotation cited in the O.E.D. is dated 1813 when Humphry Davy in Elements of Agricultural Chemistry stated that the fleabane of Canada had only recently been found in Europe
10. ^{{Cite book |last=Hyam |first=R. |last2=Pankhurst |first2=R.J. |year=1995 |title=Plants and their names : a concise dictionary |publication-place=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-866189-4 |lastauthoramp=yes |page=178}}
11. ^Frances Perry: Collins Guide to Border Plants 2nd edition (1956) p.145
12. ^{{LSJ|ge/rwn|γέρων|longref}}
13. ^{{cite book |last=de Candolle |first=Augustin Pyramus |date=1836 |title=Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis |chapter=Erigeron |chapter-url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/151718 |pages=283–296 |accessdate=2014-02-11 }}
14. ^{{cite web|title=RHS Plant Selector - Erigeron 'Dunkelste Aller'|url=http://apps.rhs.org.uk/plantselector/plant?plantid=5180|accessdate=17 July 2013}}
External links {{Commons|Erigeron|Erigeron}}{{Wikispecies|Erigeron}}- Fleabane species and cultivars
- Mountain and Desert Plants of the Southwest
- Darrell's Fleabane Info Page
{{Taxonbar|from=Q745253}} 3 : Erigeron|Asteraceae genera|Astereae |