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词条 Side Impact Protection System
释义

  1. History

  2. See also

  3. References

{{About|the car system|the body part (Spina Iliaca Posterior Superior)|posterior superior iliac spine|the prison service formerly known as Solomon Islands Prison Service|Correctional Services of Solomon Islands|the construction material made of rigid foam insulation and oriented strand board|Structural insulated panel}}

Side Impact Protection System (SIPS) is a passive safety system in an automobile to protect against injury in a side collision, developed by Volvo Cars.

History

SIPS was first introduced in 1991[1] for the Volvo 700, 900[2] and 850 series cars of model year 1992.[3][4][5][6] It has been standard on every new Volvo since.

SIPS consists of a reinforced lower sill, b-pillar and reinforcements with energy absorbing honeycomb materials[7][8] inside the doors.[9] The idea is to more widely distribute the energy in a side collision across the whole side of the car rather than having the b-pillar absorb it all.[6] Driver and passenger seat are mounted on transverse steel rails,[10] not bolted to the floor as per the standard configuration.[11] In a side impact these transverse rails allow the seats to crush a reinforced center console designed to absorb additional energy.[12]

In 1994,[14] for the 1995 model year,[13] the SIPS-Bag[16] was introduced. Initially an option[14] on r850 models[15][16],it became standard equipment[14] of all new Volvo automobiles beginning in 1995[17] for the 1996 model year.[18] The system consists of a mechanically[19] activated[20] side airbag that protects the front seat occupants torsos from hitting the cars interior.[21]

In 1998, for the 1999 model year, the system was extensively redesigned. With the launch of the Volvo S80 the IC airbag,[22] a curtain style airbag[23] deploying from the headlining to protect the head, was added. It has since been standard equipment on all newly released Volvos.

Because of technical reasons the existing Volvo S70, V70 and C70 models were instead equipped with the SIPS-BAG II.[24][25]

In 2006,[26] for the 2007 model year, the fourth generation SIPS was introduced. More high strength steel, structural changes, more bracing and with dual chamber sips-bag.[27][28]

See also

  • WHIPS (Whiplash Protection System)

References

1. ^{{cite web |language=en |url=http://www.volvogroup.com/group/global/en-gb/researchandtechnology/milestones/Pages/milestones.aspx |title=R&D milestones of the Volvo Group |publisher=Volvo Group |website=www.volvogroup.com |date=2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110616180833/http://www.volvogroup.com/group/global/en-gb/researchandtechnology/milestones/Pages/milestones.aspx |archive-date=2011-06-16 |access-date=2017-07-07 |dead-url=yes}}
2. ^{{cite press release |language=en |url=http://new.volvocars.com/ownersdocs/1992/1992_releases/1992_release_1.html |title=Volvo '92: New model, new engine and a unique safety innovation |location=Rockleigh, New Jersey |publisher=Volvo Cars of North America |website=new.volvocars.com |date=1992 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170206184758/http://new.volvocars.com/ownersdocs/1992/1992_releases/1992_release_1.html |archive-date=2017-02-06 |access-date=2017-07-07 |dead-url=no}}
3. ^{{cite web |language=sv |url=http://www.volvocars.com/se/sales-services/services/PreviousVolvos/Pages/info.aspx |title=Produktinformation - tidigare Volvomodeller |website=www.volvocars.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150302163614/http://www.volvocars.com/se/sales-services/services/PreviousVolvos/Pages/info.aspx |archive-date=2015-03-02 |access-date=2017-07-07 |dead-url=yes}}
4. ^{{cite web |language=en |url=http://www.oocities.org/thevolvoaddict/article_6.htm |title=Volvo 1992 Tech & Spec |publisher=Volvo Cars of North America |website=www.oocities.org |date=1992 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150712024254/http://www.oocities.org/thevolvoaddict/article_6.htm |archive-date=2015-07-12 |access-date=2017-07-07 |dead-url=no}}
5. ^{{cite web |language=en |url=http://www.swedecar.com/volvo_history.htm |title=History of Volvo |website=www.swedecar.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110829051346/http://www.swedecar.com/volvo_history.htm |archive-date=2011-08-29 |access-date=2017-07-07 |dead-url=no}}
6. ^1 {{cite web |language=en |url=https://www.volvoclub.org.uk/press/pdf/SIPSPressReleaseOct1991.pdf |title=SIPS: A unique safety solution from Volvo |publisher=Volvo Car Corporation |website=www.volvoclub.org.uk |format=PDF |date=October 1991 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804215307/https://www.volvoclub.org.uk/press/pdf/SIPSPressReleaseOct1991.pdf |archive-date=2017-08-04 |access-date=2017-07-07 |dead-url=no}}
7. ^{{cite web |language=en-US |url=http://www.iihs.org/externaldata/srdata/docs/sr3108.pdf |title=Status Report Vol.31 No.8 |publisher=IIHS |website=www.iihs.org |format=PDF |page=6 |date=28 September 1996 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180514125110/http://www.iihs.org/externaldata/srdata/docs/sr3108.pdf |archive-date=2018-05-14 |access-date=2018-04-13 |dead-url=no}}
8. ^{{cite press release |language=en |url=http://new.volvocars.com/ownersdocs/1995/1995_releases/1995_release_2.html |title=The new 960 from Volvo - an unexpected experience |location=Rockleigh, New Jersey |publisher=Volvo Cars of North America |website=new.volvocars.com |date=1995 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170206185001/http://new.volvocars.com/ownersdocs/1995/1995_releases/1995_release_2.html |archive-date=2017-02-06 |access-date=2017-07-07 |dead-url=no}}
9. ^{{cite press release |language=en |url=http://new.volvocars.com/ownersdocs/1993/1993_releases/1993_release_1.html |title=It is an agile, exciting sports sedan. And by the way, it's also a Volvo! |location=Rockleigh, New Jersey |publisher=Volvo Cars of North America |website=new.volvocars.com |date=1993 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170206185504/http://new.volvocars.com/ownersdocs/1993/1993_releases/1993_release_1.html |archive-date=2017-02-06 |access-date=2017-07-07 |dead-url=no}}
10. ^{{cite news |language=en |url=https://www.cars.com/reviews/los-angeles-timess-view-1420689067449/ |title=1993 Volvo 850 |publisher=Los Angeles Times |author=Paul Dean |website=www.cars.com |date=9 October 1992 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009120810/https://www.cars.com/reviews/los-angeles-timess-view-1420689067449/ |archive-date=2017-10-09 |access-date=2017-10-09 |url-access=limited |dead-url=no}}
11. ^{{cite press release |language=en |url=http://new.volvocars.com/ownersdocs/1993/1993_releases/1993_release_6.html |title=The 850 GLT: A new Volvo and more |location=Rockleigh, New Jersey |publisher=Volvo Cars of North America |website=new.volvocars.com |date=1992 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170206185200/http://new.volvocars.com/ownersdocs/1993/1993_releases/1993_release_6.html |archive-date=2017-02-06 |access-date=2017-07-07 |dead-url=no}}
12. ^{{cite press release |language=en |url=http://new.volvocars.com/ownersdocs/1993/1993_releases/1993_release_3.html|title=Volvo's innovative 850 features- four new patents |location=Rockleigh, New Jersey |publisher=Volvo Cars of North America |website=new.volvocars.com |date=1992 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170206185318/http://new.volvocars.com/ownersdocs/1993/1993_releases/1993_release_3.html |archive-date=2017-02-06 |access-date=2017-07-07 |dead-url=no}}
13. ^{{cite web |language=en |url=http://www.volvocars.com/safety/ |title=Safety |publisher=Volvo Cars of North America |website=www.volvocars.com |date=1997 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19980202013602/http://www.volvocars.com/safety/ |archive-date=1998-02-02 |access-date=2017-07-07 |dead-url=yes}}
14. ^{{cite web |language=en |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/10/02/automobiles/driving-smart-the-first-side-impact-air-bags-how-volvo-s-system-works.html |title=The First Side-Impact Air Bags: How Volvo's System Works |publisher=The New York Times |author=Peter C. T. Elsworth |website=www.nytimes.com |date=2 October 1994 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224215420/http://www.nytimes.com/1994/10/02/automobiles/driving-smart-the-first-side-impact-air-bags-how-volvo-s-system-works.html |archive-date=2017-02-24 |access-date=2017-07-07 |url-access=limited |dead-url=no}}
15. ^{{cite press release |language=en |url=http://new.volvocars.com/ownersdocs/1995/1995_releases/1995_release_3.html |title=Volvo announces side-impact airbags - a world safety first |location=Rockleigh, New Jersey |publisher=Volvo Cars of North America |website=new.volvocars.com |date=1993 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170206185227/http://new.volvocars.com/ownersdocs/1995/1995_releases/1995_release_3.html |archive-date=2017-02-06 |access-date=2017-07-07 |dead-url=no}}
16. ^{{cite web |language=de-ch |url=http://www.gpbern.ch/cgi-bin/xcms/customers/28/files/Ranglisten/1995%20Ausgabe%20106_GP_web.pdf |title=Eine Beilage der Berner Zeitung BZ (Nr. 106) |trans-title=A supplement of the Berner Newspaper BZ (Nr. 106) |publisher=BZ |website=www.gpbern.ch |format=PDF |page=13 |date=8 May 1995 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826053549/http://www.gpbern.ch/cgi-bin/xcms/customers/28/files/Ranglisten/1995%20Ausgabe%20106_GP_web.pdf |archive-date=2016-08-26 |access-date=2017-10-09 |dead-url=no}}
17. ^{{cite press release |language=en |url=http://new.volvocars.com/ownersdocs/1995/1995_releases/1995_release_4.html |title=Volvo lights the way to safety - 100% of Volvos have DRL's |location=Rockleigh, New Jersey |publisher=Volvo Cars of North America |website=new.volvocars.com |date=1994 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170206185442/http://new.volvocars.com/ownersdocs/1995/1995_releases/1995_release_4.html |archive-date=2017-02-06 |access-date=2017-07-07 |dead-url=no}}
18. ^1 {{cite web |language=en |url=https://static.nhtsa.gov/odi/inv/1999/IN-PE99040-NN.PDF |publisher=NHTSA |author=USDOT |website=static.nhtsa.gov |title=PE99-040 |type=ODI investigation |format=PDF |pages=2, 24 |date=7 June 1999 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129201759/https://static.nhtsa.gov/odi/inv/1999/IN-PE99040-NN.PDF |archive-date=2018-01-29 |access-date=2018-01-29 |url-access=limited |dead-url=no}}
19. ^{{cite news |language=en |url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1994-08-22/business/9408220011_1_side-impact-air-bag-volvo-spokesman-bob-austin-side-impact |title=And Now, From Volvo, The Side-impact Air Bag |publisher=Chicago Tribune |author=Jim Mateja |website=articles.chicagotribune.com |date=22 August 1994 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009121137/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1994-08-22/business/9408220011_1_side-impact-air-bag-volvo-spokesman-bob-austin-side-impact |archive-date=2017-10-09 |access-date=2017-10-09 |dead-url=no}}
20. ^{{cite web |language=de |url=http://www.technische-hilfeleistung.info/2014/05/20/gefaehrdungspotential-durch-mechanischen-sips-seiten-airbag-video/ |title=Gefährdungspotential durch mechanischen SIPS-Seiten-Airbag |trans-title=Dangers of mechanical SIPS side airbag |website=www.technische-hilfeleistung.info |date=20 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140620205624/http://www.technische-hilfeleistung.info/2014/05/20/gefaehrdungspotential-durch-mechanischen-sips-seiten-airbag-video/ |archive-date=2014-06-20 |access-date=2017-08-04 |dead-url=no}}
21. ^{{cite web |language=en-US |url=http://www.iihs.org/externaldata/srdata/docs/sr3104.pdf |title=Status Report Vol.31 No.4 |publisher=IIHS |website=www.iihs.org |format=PDF |pages=2–3 |date=4 May 1996 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413043800/http://www.iihs.org/externaldata/srdata/docs/sr3104.pdf |archive-date=2018-04-13 |access-date=2018-04-12 |dead-url=no}}
22. ^{{cite press release |language=en |url=http://new.volvocars.com/ownersdocs/1999/1999_releases/1999_release_3.html |title=Engineering and technological innovation are hallmarks of the 1999 Volvo line-up |location=Rockleigh, New Jersey |publisher=Volvo Cars of North America |website=new.volvocars.com |date=October 1998 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071102070956/http://new.volvocars.com/ownersdocs/1999/1999_releases/1999_release_3.html |archive-date=2007-11-02 |access-date=2017-07-07 |dead-url=no}}
23. ^{{cite web |language=en |url=http://new.volvocars.com/ownersdocs/2006/2006_S80/06s80_01b.htm |title=Airbags |publisher=Volvo Car Corporation |website=new.volvocars.com |type=Owner's manual |pages=12-14 |date=2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629095845/http://new.volvocars.com/ownersdocs/2006/2006_S80/06s80_01b.htm |archive-date=2011-06-29 |access-date=2017-08-04 |dead-url=no}}
24. ^1 2 {{cite web |language=en |url=http://www.volvogroup.com/group/global/en-gb/newsmedia/pressreleases/previous/1998/_layouts/CWP.Internet.VolvoCom/NewsItem.aspx?News.ItemId=22963&News.Language=en-gb |title=Second-Generation Sips-Bag protects both chest and head |publisher=Volvo Group |website=www.volvogroup.com |date=17 July 1998 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150221210232/http://www.volvogroup.com/group/global/en-gb/newsmedia/pressreleases/previous/1998/_layouts/CWP.Internet.VolvoCom/NewsItem.aspx?News.ItemId=22963&News.Language=en-gb |archive-date=2015-02-21 |access-date=2017-07-07 |dead-url=yes}}
25. ^{{cite web |language=en-US |url=http://www.iihs.org/externaldata/srdata/docs/sr3210.pdf |title=Status Report Vol.32 No.10 |publisher=IIHS |website=www.iihs.org |format=PDF |pages=1–3 |date=27 December 1997 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170922094156/http://www.iihs.org/externaldata/srdata/docs/sr3210.pdf |archive-date= 2017-09-22 |access-date=2018-04-12 |dead-url=no}}
26. ^{{cite web |language=en |url=https://www.media.volvocars.com/us/en-us/media/pressreleases/3549 |title=All New Volvo S80: Style, Sophistication, Safety and Scandinavian |publisher=Volvo Car Corporation |website=www.media.volvocars.com |date=28 February 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170302111856/https://www.media.volvocars.com/us/en-us/media/pressreleases/3549 |archive-date=2017-03-02 |access-date=2018-01-30 |dead-url=no}}
27. ^{{cite techreport |language=en |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3242537/ |title=Real World Data Driven Evolution of Volvo Cars’ Side Impact Protection Systems and their Effectiveness |author1=Lotta Jakobsson |author2=Magdalena Lindman |author3=Bo Svanberg |author4=Henrik Carlsson |date=January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127210937/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3242537/ |archive-date=2018-01-27 |access-date=2018-01-04 |dead-url=no}}
28. ^{{cite web |language=en |url=https://www.media.volvocars.com/us/en-us/media/pressreleases/4828 |title=ALL-NEW VOLVO V70: Takes Safety to New Heights |publisher=Volvo Car Corporation |website=www.media.volvocars.com |date=1 February 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730234421/https://www.media.volvocars.com/us/en-us/media/pressreleases/4828 |archive-date=2018-07-30 |access-date=2018-05-24 |dead-url=no}}
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