| 词条 | Siege of Lachish | |||||||
| 释义 |
| conflict = Siege of Lachish | partof = Sennacherib's campaign in Judah | image = Lachish Relief, British Museum.jpg | image_size = 300px | caption = Lachish relief | date = 701 BCE | place = Lachish, Israel | result = Assyrian victory
| combatant1 = Neo-Assyrian Empire | combatant2 = Kingdom of Judah | commander1 = Sennacherib | commander2 = Unknown | strength1 = Unknown | strength2 = Unknown | casualties1 = Unknown | casualties2 = Heavy }}{{Battles involving Assyria}}{{Campaignbox Campaigns of the Israelites}} The Siege of Lachish is the name given to the Assyrian siege and conquest of the town of Lachish in 701 BC. The siege is documented in several sources including the Hebrew Bible, Assyrian documents and in the Lachish relief, a well-preserved series of reliefs which once decorated the Assyrian king Sennacherib's palace at Nineveh.[1] BackgroundSeveral kingdoms in the Levant ceased to pay taxes to the Assyrian king Senncharib. In retribution, he initiated a campaign to re-subjugate the rebelling kingdoms, among them the Jewish king, Hezekiah. After defeating the rebels of Ekron in Philistia, Sennacharib set out to conquer Judah and, on his way to Jerusalem, came across Lachish: the second most important of the Jewish cities. BattlefieldThe battlefield was the walled city of Lachish, situated on a hill. The northern part of the hill is steeper than the southern side and due to that the gate is situated there. On top of the fact that the hill as of itself is quite high, the wall further makes the city hard to breach. Inside the city itself there was a castle with significant walls. Forces of each sideAssyrian armyThe Assyrian Army was the most effective force of its time and was divided mostly into three different categories:
Jewish armyThe Jewish military force was insignificant compared to the professional and massive Assyrian army and mostly included local militias and mercenaries. There were barely any cavalrymen and chariots in the Jewish army which mostly included infantry, either for close combat (spearmen) or long range combat (archers), they were also significantly less organized. SiegeDue to the steepness of the northern side of Lachish the Assyrian Army attacked from the south, where the Jewish defenders situated themselves on the walls. The Jewish defenders threw stones and shot arrows at the advancing Assyrians; the Assyrians started shooting arrows and stones themselves, creating a skirmish between the two armies. Meanwhile, Assyrian military engineers built a ramp to the east of the main gate where Assyrian and Jewish troops began engaging in close combat. The Assyrians meanwhile brought siege engines to the ramp and broke the wall; the Jewish defenders could not hold the Assyrian army and retreated, with some attempting to escape from the other side of the hill. SubjugationThe city was captured by the Assyrians, its inhabitants led into captivity and the leaders of Lachish tortured to death. The town was abandoned, but resettled after the return from Babylonia. Assyrian reliefs portraying the siege of Lachish clearly show battering rams attacking the vulnerable parts of the city.[2] {{Cquote|The siege and capture of the town of Lachish, one of the fortress towns protecting the approaches to Jerusalem, is unique in that it is mentioned in the Hebrew Bible (II Kings 18; II Chronicles 32)( MICAH 1:13 ) and in the Annals of the Assyrian king, Sennacherib. Not only that but the event is depicted on the walls of Sennacherib’s palace at Nineveh.[3]}}The British Museum has a superb set of relief carvings which depicted the siege in some detail. It shows the Assyrian soldiers firing arrows, and slingstones, and approaching the walls of Lachish using mudbrick ramps. The attackers shelter behind wicker shields, and deploy battering rams. The walls and towers of Lachish are shown crowded with defenders shooting arrows, throwing rocks and torches on the heads of the attackers. The captions for the relief at the British Museum say: Booty from Lachish" Assyrian, about 700-692 BC From Nineveh, South West Palace, Room XXXVI, Panels 8-9 After the capture of Lachish, Assyrian soldiers carry off booty from the governor's palace: a bundle of scimitars, round shields, a chariot, a throne, and a pair of incense-burners. Below, Judean prisoners move in families, taking their goods and animals with them into exile." Panels 9-10 The procession of prisoners from Lachish continues, moving through a rocky landscape with vines, fig trees, and perhaps olives in the background. Officials regarded as responsible for the rebellion against Assyria are treated more severely: two of them are being flayed alive. Panels 11-13 Sennacherib, on a magnificent throne, watches as prisoners are brought before him and sometimes executed. There is a tent behind him, his chariot is in the foreground, and his bodyguard are stationed around. The King's face has been deliberately slashed, perhaps by an enemy soldier at the fall of Nineveh in 612 BC. Panels 14-16 This panel, which closes the Lachish series, shows the base camp from which the siege was conducted. It is fortified, with a road through the middle. Servants are at work in tents, and two priests are performing a ceremony in front of the chariots on which are mounted the standards of the gods. The reliefs continues showing the looting of the city, and defenders are shown being thrown over the ramparts, impaled, having their throats cut and asking for mercy. A bird's eye plan of the city is shown with house interiors shown in section. AftermathAfter he captured the second most important city in Judah, Sennacherib encamped there and then sent his rabshakeh to capture Jerusalem. Cultural referencesThe Siege of Lachish is the subject of an eponymous song (and single) by metal band Melechesh. Ancient sources
Further sources for the conflict in general:
See also
References1. ^The Illustrated Dictionary and Concordance of the Bible - Page 566 by Geoffrey Wigoder 2. ^Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible - Page 157by David Noel Freedman 3. ^The Siege of Lachish Further reading
External links{{Commons category}}{{Library resources box |by=no |onlinebooks=yes |others=yes |about=yes |label=Siege of Lachish|viaf= |lccn= |lcheading= |wikititle= }}
8 : Wars of ancient Israel|8th-century BC conflicts|Battles involving Assyria|Sieges|Land of Israel|700s BC|8th century BC|Sennacherib |
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