| 词条 | Sierra de Juárez |
| 释义 |
|name=Sierra de Juárez |photo=Hansons lagoon - laguna hanson.jpg |photo_caption=Laguna Hanson, in Constitution 1857 National Park |location=Baja California, Mexico |range_coordinates = {{coord|31.3034|N|115.325|W|type:mountain_region:MX_scale:300000|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |coordinates = |map=Mexico Baja California#Mexico }} The Sierra de Juárez, also known as the Sierra Juarez, is a mountain range located in Tecate Municipality and northern Ensenada Municipality, within northern Baja California state of northwestern Mexico. It is a major mountain range in the long Peninsular Ranges System, that extends from Southern California down the Baja California Peninsula into Baja California Sur state. [1] GeographyThe Sierra de Juárez begins just south of the international frontier with California and extends about {{convert|140|km|mi}} southwards. The highest peak in the range rises to about {{convert|1980|meter|feet}} elevation at 31° 30′ 34″ North Latitude and 115° 32′ 5″ West Longitude.[2] The Laguna Mountains (U.S.) are on the north, and the Sierra de San Pedro Mártir (México) are on the south. The Sierra forms part of the Baja California Peninsular Ranges. According to the Mexican government agency, CONABIO, the Sierra de Juárez occupies a total area of {{convert|4568|sqkm|sqmi}} approximately {{convert|140|km|mile}} long and averaging about {{convert|33|km|mile}} wide. On the east the Sierra de Juárez rises sharply from the desert valley containing the Laguna Salada Fault, a southern extension of the San Andres Fault. The western slope of the Sierra is more gentle.[3] The range is the location of the southern tip of the Great Basin Divide at a triple watershed point of the Great Basin (northern), the Pacific Ocean (western), and Gulf of California (eastern) watersheds. A portion of the Sierra de Juárez is protected within Constitution 1857 National Park, approximately {{convert|72|km|mi}} east of Ensenada.[4] The scenic Laguna Hanson, an important stopover for migratory birds, and the endemic pine-oak forests habitat are within the park.[4] EcologyThe lower elevations of the western slopes of the Sierra de Juárez are in the California coastal sage and chaparral sub−ecoregion of the California chaparral and woodlands ecoregion. The lower elevations of the eastern slopes are in the Sonoran Desert ecoregion, with its unique desert flora. The California Fan Palm (Washingtonia filifera) is near the southern natural limit of its range in the Sierra de Juárez. The higher elevations of the Sierra de Juárez, with those of the Sierra San Pedro Mártir, are in the Sierra Juarez and San Pedro Martir pine-oak forests ecoregion. Pine species include Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi), Parry Piñon pine (Pinus monophylla), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), sugar pine (Pinus lambertini). Other evergreen species include white fir (Abies concolor) and incense cedar (Calocedrus decurrens). Sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) is a common shrub of the understory. The coniferous forests of the two mountain ranges comprise a Sky island--an elevated temperate forest surrounded by lower, more arid lands.[5] ClimateThe western flank of the range lies at the southeastern extremity of the Mediterranean climate region, that extends across much of California and into northwestern Baja California. CONABIO lists the climates (Köppen climate classification) of the Sierra de Juarez as consisting of 30 percent desert (BW), 7 percent steppe (BS), 27 percent mesothermal with precipitation evenly distributed (Cfa, Cfb) throughout the year, and 36 percent Mediterranean (Csa, Csb) with precipitation concentrated in the winter months.[3] The Laguna Hanson weather station has a Csb climate (warm summers, cool winters, precipitation distributed throughout the year), although the climate at this location verges on being Mediterranean with mostly dry summers. In general the lower elevations are desert climates and the higher elevations receive more precipitation. {{Weather box|location = Sierra de Juarez (1951-2010) at Laguna Hanson, elevation: {{convert|1580|m|ft}} |metric first = yes |Feb record high C = 26.0 |Mar record high C = 27.5 |single line = yes |Jan record high C = 25.5 |Apr record high C = 33.0 |May record high C = 33.5 |Jun record high C = 39.0 |Jul record high C = 39.5 |Aug record high C = 40.0 |Sep record high C = 39.5 |Oct record high C = 35.0 |Nov record high C = 31.0 |Dec record high C = 33.0 |year record high C = 40.0 |Jan high C = 11.7 |Feb high C = 13.1 |Mar high C = 12.9 |Apr high C = 16.0 |May high C = 20.3 |Jun high C = 24.6 |Jul high C = 28.4 |Aug high C = 27.9 |Sep high C = 25.4 |Oct high C = 20.0 |Nov high C = 15.7 |Dec high C = 13.4 |year high C = 19.1 |Jan mean C = 4.5 |Feb mean C = 5.4 |Mar mean C = 5.7 |Apr mean C = 8.0 |May mean C = 11.5 |Jun mean C = 15.1 |Jul mean C = 19.0 |Aug mean C = 18.5 |Sep mean C = 16.2 |Oct mean C = 11.1 |Nov mean C = 7.4 |Dec mean C = 5.4 |year mean C = 10.7 |Jan low C = -2.7 |Feb low C = -2.3 |Mar low C = -1.6 |Apr low C = 0.0 |May low C = 2.7 |Jun low C = 5.6 |Jul low C = 9.5 |Aug low C = 9.1 |Sep low C = 7.1 |Oct low C = 2.2 |Nov low C = -0.8 |Dec low C = -2.4 |year low C = 2.2 |Jan record low C = -19.0 |Feb record low C = -14.0 |Mar record low C = -14.0 |Apr record low C = -13.0 |May record low C = -14.0 |Jun record low C = -6.0 |Jul record low C = -7.0 |Aug record low C = -10.0 |Sep record low C = -5.0 |Oct record low C = -12.0 |Nov record low C = -15.0 |Dec record low C = -17.0 |year record low C = -19.0 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 51.1 |Feb precipitation mm = 57.0 |Mar precipitation mm = 68.3 |Apr precipitation mm = 22.9 |May precipitation mm = 3.9 |Jun precipitation mm = 0.5 |Jul precipitation mm = 33.8 |Aug precipitation mm = 39.9 |Sep precipitation mm = 21.5 |Oct precipitation mm = 17.8 |Nov precipitation mm = 38.1 |Dec precipitation mm = 36.1 |year precipitation mm = 390.9 |unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm |Jan precipitation days = 4.9 |Feb precipitation days = 4.6 |Mar precipitation days = 5.5 |Apr precipitation days = 2.9 |May precipitation days = 0.8 |Jun precipitation days = 0.2 |Jul precipitation days = 3.3 |Aug precipitation days = 3.8 |Sep precipitation days = 2.1 |Oct precipitation days = 2.0 |Nov precipitation days = 3.4 |Dec precipitation days = 3.9 |year precipitation days = 37.4 |Jan snow days = 0.70 |Feb snow days = 0.10 |Mar snow days = 0.90 |Apr snow days = 0.45 |May snow days = 0 |Jun snow days = 0 |Jul snow days = 0 |Aug snow days = 0 |Sep snow days = 0 |Oct snow days = 0 |Nov snow days = 0.40 |Dec snow days = 1.60 |year snow days = 4.15 |source 1 = Servicio Meteorológico Nacional[6] |source 2 = Colegio de Postgraduados[7] |date=January 2013 }} See also{{commons category|Sierra de Juárez}}
References1. ^{{NatGeo ecoregion|id=na0526|name=Sierra Juarez and Sierra Pedro Martir Pine-oak Forests}} 2. ^"Sierra Juarez High Point, Mexico", http://www.peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=14721, accessed 3 Mar 2016 3. ^1 "Sierra de Juárez", http://www.conabio.gob.mx/conocimiento/regionalizacion/doctos/rtp_012.pdf, accessed 4 Mar 2016 4. ^1 Bajaquest.com: Constitution 1857 National Park 5. ^"Sierra Juarez and San Pedro Martir pine-oak forests", World Wildlife Fund, https://web.archive.org/web/20100308052316/http://www.nationalgeographic.com/wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/na/na0526.html, accessed 5 Mar 2016 6. ^{{cite web | url = http://smn.cna.gob.mx/climatologia/Normales5110/NORMAL02066.TXT| title = Normales climatológicas 1951-2010| publisher = Servicio Meteorológico Nacional| language = Spanish| accessdate = January 16, 2013}} 7. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.cm.colpos.mx/meteoro/progde/norm/norm24/02034.htm| title = Normales climatológicas para Sierra de Juarez, B.C| publisher = Colegio de Postgraduados | language = Spanish| accessdate = January 16, 2013}}
5 : Mountain ranges of Baja California|Peninsular Ranges|Geography of Ensenada Municipality|Tecate Municipality|Madrean Sky Islands mountain ranges |
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