| 词条 | Silene nutans |
| 释义 |
|image = Silene nutans 220505.jpg |regnum = Plantae |unranked_divisio = Angiosperms |unranked_classis = Eudicots |unranked_ordo = Core eudicots |ordo = Caryophyllales |familia = Caryophyllaceae |genus = Silene |species = S. nutans |binomial = Silene nutans |binomial_authority = L. [1] |synonyms = *Silene dubia Herbich
| synonyms_ref = [2] }}Silene nutans is a flowering plant in the genus Silene, most commonly known as Nottingham catchfly.[3] DescriptionSilene nutans is a diploid, mainly outcrossing, herbaceous, perennial plant.[4]It grows up to {{convert|25|-|80|cm|0}} tall, from a branching, woody stock with a thick taproot.[4] The lower leaves are up to {{convert|75|mm|0}} long, spathulate and have a long stalk, while leaves higher on the plant are lanceolate, subsessile and acute; all the leaves are covered in soft hairs.[4] The flowers are {{convert|18|mm|1}} wide, {{convert|12|mm|1}} long, and drooping, on short, viscid stalks. The petals are white or pinkish and divided into two narrow lobes. Each flower remains open for three nights as a means of preventing self-fertilisation; the flower reveals one whorl of stamens on the first night, the second whorl of stamens on the second night, and the three styles on the third night.[4] The seeds are {{convert|10|-|22|mm|1}} wide and kidney-shaped.[4] DistributionSilene nutans is widespread across Europe, from southern Spain and Italy north to the British Isles and Scandinavia, and is also found across large parts of Asia.[2] It has been introduced to North America, where it is known as the Eurasian catchfly. It is found in the U.S. states of Michigan, Ohio, New York, Vermont and Maine.[5]Silene nutans can sometimes be found in the very widespread MG1 (Arrhenatherum elatius grassland) community of the British National Vegetation Classification, and thus can be found where Arrhenatherum elatius (false oat grass) or Dactylis glomerata (cocksfoot) occur.[6]EcologySilene nutans is a steppe species across most of its range. At the periphery of its distribution, it has a patchy distribution in xeric habitats, such as open grasslands and on rock outcrops at forest margins, on both acidic and alkaline substrates (pH 3.8–8.0).[7] In the far north of its range, S. nutans is characteristic of maritime cliffs.[8]S. nutans flowers during the night, and produces a strong floral scent to attract its pollinators, which are mostly night-flying moths. Chemical compounds in the scent include benzyl acetate and benzaldehyde.[9]S. nutans is the host plant for the leaf mining moth Coleophora galbulipennella.[10]NottinghamThe common name Nottingham catchfly commemorates the former occurrence of S. nutans on the walls of Nottingham Castle,[11] and the species was chosen to represent the unitary authority of Nottingham as its county flower.[12] Despite this association, Nottingham catchflies no longer occur in either the city of Nottingham[13] or the wider county of Nottinghamshire.[14] References{{Commons category|Silene nutans}}1. ^{{ITIS |id=20095 |taxon=Silene nutans}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q157950}}2. ^1 {{cite book |title=Atlas florae Europaeae: distribution of vascular plants in Europe, Volume 3 |editor=Jaakko Jalas & Juha Suominen |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1988 |isbn=978-0-521-34272-8 |page=416}} 3. ^{{cite web |title=BSBI List 2007 |publisher=Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland |url=http://www.bsbi.org.uk/BSBIList2007.xls |format=xls |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6VqJ46atN?url=http://www.bsbi.org.uk/BSBIList2007.xls |archive-date=2015-01-25 |accessdate=2014-10-17 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 4. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |website=Ecological Flora of the British Isles |title=Silene nutans |accessdate=January 12, 2010 |url=http://www.ecoflora.co.uk/search_species2.php?plant_no=570280150}} 5. ^{{PLANTS | taxon = Silene nutans L. (Eurasian catchfly) | symbol = SINU2 | accessdate = January 12, 2010}} 6. ^{{cite book |author=John S. Rodwell |year=1992 |series=British Plant Communities |title=Volume 3 - Grasslands and montane communities |isbn=978-0-521-39166-5}} 7. ^1 {{cite journal |journal=Heredity |year=1997 |volume=78 |pages=552–560 |doi=10.1038/hdy.1997.86 |title=Allozyme variation in relation to ecotypic differentiation and population size in marginal populations of Silene nutans |author=Fabienne van Rossum, Xavier Vekemans, Pierre Meerts, Emmanuelle Gratia & Claude Lefèbvre |issue=5}} 8. ^{{cite book |chapter-url=http://www.angus.gov.uk/biodiversity/pdf/Section%202/Coast%20and%20Estuaries/CE2.pdf |publisher=Angus Council |accessdate=January 12, 2010 |chapter=Maritime Cliff and Slope CE2 |editor=Catherine A. G. Lloyd |title=Tayside Local Biodiversity Action Plan}} 9. ^{{cite journal |journal=Biochemical Systematics and Ecology |volume=30 |issue=5 |year=2002 |pages=383–397 |doi=10.1016/S0305-1978(01)00106-5 |title=Flower scent composition in night-flowering Silene species (Caryophyllaceae) |author1=A. Jürgens, T. Witt |author2=G. Gottsberger |lastauthoramp=yes }} 10. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.leafmines.co.uk/html/Lepidoptera/C.galbulipennella.htm |website=British Leafminers |title=551 Coleophora galbulipennella (Zeller,1858) |accessdate=January 12, 2010}} 11. ^{{cite book |chapter-url=http://www.nottshistory.org.uk/swinnerton1910/chapter8.htm |chapter=8. Natural History |title=Nottinghamshire |series=Cambridge County Geographies |author=Henry Hurd Swinnerton |year=1910}} 12. ^Plantlife website County Flowers page {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150430170312/http://www.plantlife.org.uk/wild_plants/county_flowers/ |date=2015-04-30 }} 13. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1461011/The-floral-emblem-of-your-county.html |work=Daily Telegraph |date=May 5, 2004 |title=The floral emblem of your county}} 14. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.nottinghamshire.gov.uk/home/environment/countryside/nature_conservation/biodiversity.htm |title=Biodiversity |publisher=Nottinghamshire County Council |accessdate=January 12, 2010}} 5 : Silene|Flora of Europe|Flora of Asia|Night-blooming plants|Plants described in 1753 |
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