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词条 Silver Lake Partners
释义

  1. Investment strategies

  2. History

  3. Key personnel

  4. Investments

  5. Controversy

  6. References

  7. External links

{{Infobox company |
| name = Silver Lake
| logo = Silver Lake logo.png
| type = Private, Limited liability company
| foundation = {{start date and age|1999}}
| founder = James Davidson, David Roux, Roger McNamee, Glenn Hutchins
| key_people = James Davidson
Mike Bingle
Egon Durban
Ken Hao
Greg Mondre
| location = 2775 Sand Hill Road
Menlo Park, California, United States
| locations = 8 offices in 5 countries
| industry = Private equity
| products = Leveraged buyout, Growth capital
| homepage = www.silverlake.com
| num_employees =
| aum = US$42.5 billion (2018)[1]}}

Silver Lake is an American private equity firm focused on leveraged buyout and growth capital investments in technology, technology-enabled and related industries. Founded in 1999, the firm is one of the largest technology investors in the world and notable for participating in club deals. Among its investment holdings are Broadcom, Dell, Alibaba, GoDaddy, William Morris Endeavor, IMG Worldwide, Avaya, Sabre Holdings, Skype, Symantec, GLG, Seagate Technology and NASDAQ. Silver Lake is headquartered in Menlo Park with offices in San Mateo, Cupertino, New York, London, Hong Kong, Shanghai and Tokyo.

Investment strategies

Silver Lake operates through four primary businesses, all focused on technology investments:

  • Silver Lake Partners makes private equity investments in large cap technology companies. Silver Lake Partners was the firm's original business founded by Jim Davidson, Dave Roux, Roger McNamee and Glenn Hutchins, and comprises the bulk of the firm's assets under management.[2]
  • Silver Lake Sumeru – focuses on technology investments in middle-market companies. This business was formerly known as Shah Capital founded by Ajay Shah.
  • Silver Lake Kraftwerk a growth oriented fund focused on energy, energy technology and resources investing.
  • Silver Lake Waterman a growth capital, via a proprietary Growth Debt product, to later-stage growth companies in the technology and technology-enabled industries.

History

{{history of private equity and venture capital}}

Silver Lake was founded in 1999, at the height of the late 1990s technology boom to make private equity investments in mature technology companies as opposed to the startups pursued actively by venture capitalists. Among the firm's founders were the four amigos [3] Jim Davidson who had led the Technology Investment Banking business at Hambrecht & Quist; David Roux who had an operational and entrepreneurial background having served as chairman and CEO of Liberate Technologies, executive vice president at Oracle Corporation and senior vice president at Lotus Development; Roger McNamee, who had previously co-founded Integral Capital Partners, a hybrid investment fund that made investments in publicly traded companies and venture capital investments in early stage startups; and Glenn Hutchins, who came from Blackstone Group and served as a Special Advisor on economic and healthcare policy in the early Clinton Administration and previously worked at Thomas H. Lee Partners;.[4][4]

The firm raised its first fund, Silver Lake Partners, with $2.3 billion of investor commitments. Silver Lake's first fund was among the best performing funds of its vintage.

The firm's second fund, Silver Lake Partners II was raised in 2004 with $3.6 billion of commitments.[5]

The firm's third fund, Silver Lake Partners III was raised in 2007 with $9.6 billion of commitments.[6] Also in 2007, the firm launched its middle-market investment business, Silver Lake Sumeru, hiring Ajay Shah and the former investment team of Shah Capital Partners. Sumeru completed fundraising for its debut fund in 2008 with $1.1 billion of capital.[7] Silver Lake also launched its credit focused business, Silver Lake Financial in 2007. Silver Lake Financial is headed by Roger Wittlin, who joined the firm together with a group of staff from Sutter Credit Strategies, a division of Wells Fargo.

In 2013, the firm raised its fourth fund, Silver Lake Partners IV, which closed in 2013 with $10.3 billion in committed capital.

On December 13th, 2018, General Electric announced its intention to sell the majority of ServiceMax to Silver Lake Partners, while retaining a minority of stake of 10% in the future of the company. While designed to allow GE to receive cash as it has been struggling with profitability since 2017, it also allowed GE to retain access to the ServiceMax platform and ensure a voice in its future development.

Key personnel

In 2004, McNamee left Silver Lake to found Elevation Partners, an entertainment and media focused private equity firm, with Bono.[8]

On December 20, 2007 Cisco Systems' development chief, Charles Giancarlo, announced his departure from Cisco and his new position as partner and managing director at Silver Lake.[9]

In January 2008, as the mid-2000s buyout boom was coming to an end, Silver Lake sold a 9.9% stake in its management company to CalPERS for $275 million, implying a valuation of approximately $2.8 billion for the firm.[10]

Contemporaneously with the raising of the firm's fourth large-cap fund in 2013, 'Silver Lakes new four amigos',[11] a group of four investment professionals Mike Bingle, Egon Durban, Ken Hao and Greg Mondre, all of whom had been with the firm since its founding took leadership positions as managing partners in the firm alongside founder Jim Davidson.

In October 2013, it was announced that Skype's chief operating officer and development chief, Mark Gillett would depart from Microsoft [12] and succeed Giancarlo as a managing director and head of value creation,[13] while Giancarlo would transition to be a senior advisor to the firm.

Investments

Since inception in 1999, Silver Lake has made investments through leveraged buyout transactions, minority growth investments and PIPE investments in over 40 companies.

Silver Lake's current and realized portfolio of investments includes or has included notable technology industry companies such as Avago Technologies, AVI-SPL, Business Objects, Flextronics, Gartner, Instinet, MCI Inc., NASDAQ, NetScout Systems, NXP Semiconductors, Sabre Holdings, Seagate Technology, Serena Software, SunGard, TD Ameritrade, Technicolor SA, UGS Corp., Virtu Financial, and Flixbus.

The following table details some of Silver Lake's private equity investments:

InvestmentYearCompany descriptionReference
EMC2015On 12 October 2015, EMC announced that they have agreed on a buy-out by Michael Dell, MSD Capital, and Silver Lake for $33.15 per share in a complicated cash transaction which includes tracking stock in VMware, which will remain a publicly traded company. The deal, when completed, will total $67 billion, the largest technology buyout ever. Dell continues to hedge its bets that mergers are the way to expand the company when others are betting that spinoffs and smaller companies are better.[14]
Dell2013On 5 February 2013, Dell Inc. announced that they have agreed on a buy-out by Michael Dell and Silver Lake for $13.65 per share in cash. The shares of founder and CEO Michael Dell and some of its key management are not included in this deal. Microsoft additionally provided $2 billion in the form of a loan to assist with the buy-out.[15][16] If the deal is completed Dell will be de-listed from NASDAQ and the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and will again be a fully privately owned company as it was before its first Initial public offering. According to Michael Dell this move will make it easier to work on a long-term growth strategy as the company can make choices that will pay out on the longer term, without the need to address to demands of (short term) individual share-holders.[15] The deal was completed on October 30, 2013, and at $24.4 billion was the largest technology buyout ever, surpassing the 2006 buyout of Freescale Semiconductor for $17.5 billion.[17] Other smaller investors are MSD Capital, an investment firm to manage the wealth of Michael Dell, Microsoft with a $2 billion loan and several debt-facilities from banks like Barclays, Credit Suisse, Bank of America and Royal Bank of Canada.[18]
Skype2009Silver Lake, Andreessen Horowitz and the Canada Pension Plan Investment Board announce the acquisition of 65% of Skype for $1.9 billion from E-Bay, valuing the business at $2.75 billion. In May 2011, Microsoft agreed to acquire Skype for $8.5 billion in cash.[19][20][21][22]
Avaya2007Silver Lake and TPG Capital completed an $8.2 billion leveraged buyout of the enterprise telephony and call center technology company that was formerly a unit of Lucent.[23]
Sabre Holdings2006Silver Lake and TPG Capital announced a deal to buy Sabre Holdings, which operates Travelocity, Sabre Travel Network and Sabre Airline Solutions, for approximately $4.3 billion in cash, plus the assumption of $550 million in debt. Earlier in 2006, Blackstone acquired Sabre's chief competitor Travelport.[24]
NXP Semiconductors2006In August 2006, a consortium of Silver Lake, Kohlberg Kravis Roberts and AlpInvest Partners acquired a controlling 80.1% share of semiconductors unit of Philips for €6.4 billion. The new company, based in the Netherlands, was renamed NXP Semiconductors.[25][26]
SunGard2006SunGard was acquired by a consortium of seven private equity investment firms in a transaction valued at $11.3 billion. The partners in the acquisition were Silver Lake, which led the deal as well as Bain Capital, the Blackstone Group, Goldman Sachs Capital Partners, Kohlberg Kravis Roberts, Providence Equity Partners, and TPG Capital. This represented the largest leveraged buyout completed since the takeover of RJR Nabisco at the end of the 1980s leveraged buyout boom. Also, at the time of its announcement, SunGard would be the largest buyout of a technology company in history, a distinction it would cede to the buyout of Freescale Semiconductor. The SunGard transaction is also notable in the number of firms involved in the transaction. The involvement of seven firms in the consortium was criticized by investors in private equity who considered cross-holdings among firms to be generally unattractive. In 2015 the consortium sold Sungard to FIS.[27]
Avago Technologies2005In 2005, the semiconductor division of Agilent was acquired by Silver Lake and Kohlberg Kravis Roberts, to form Avago Technologies, one of the largest privately held semiconductor companies in the world. In 2009, Avago completed a $650 million initial public offering.[28][29][30]

Reuters news service reports that Silver Lake Partners is among more than a dozen private equity firms subpoenaed by New York state Attorney General Eric Schneiderman regarding a widely used tax strategy within the industry that may illegally cut their tax bills by hundreds of millions of dollars.

Controversy

After the sale of Skype to Microsoft in 2011,[21] Silver Lake was accused of unfairly depriving an employee of an options windfall.[31] At issue was a clause in the Skype employee stock option grant agreement. The repurchase right gave Skype the authority to buy back shares at the grant price, when an employee left the company, even when those shares were vested.

References

1. ^https://www.silverlake.com/overview
2. ^Silver Lake's New Four Amigos Dealmaker, September, 2007
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://fortune.com/2013/02/10/silver-lake-and-the-deal-of-the-next-century-fortune-1999/|title=Silver Lake and the deal of the next century (Fortune, 1999)|date=10 February 2013|publisher=|accessdate=1 June 2016}}
4. ^1 Wall Street's New Alchemist (Glenn Hutchins Profile). BusinessWeek, August 8, 2005
5. ^Silver Lake Partners closes $3.6bn private equity fund {{webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20120718015024/http://www.altassets.com/private-equity-news/by-type/fund-mainmenu-27/article/nz4646.html |date=2012-07-18 }}. AltAssets, April 13, 2004
6. ^[https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087&sid=aVVXqOCw9pOw Silver Lake to Raise $10 Billion for Technology Fund]. February 6, 2007
7. ^Silver Lake Sumeru closes on $1.1bn {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928075829/http://www.altassets.com/private-equity-news/article/nz13315.html |date=2011-09-28 }}. AltAssets, May 7, 2008
8. ^[https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601109&sid=ajKMz.JCZ5Go Bono Riffs on Silicon Valley Buyouts With Video Games, Forbes]. Bloomberg, January 23, 2005
9. ^{{Cite news |title= Cisco's heir-apparent Charles Giancarlo resigns |work= USA Today |publisher= Associated Press |date= December 20, 2007 |url= http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/money/industries/technology/2007-12-20-cisco-giancarlo_N.htm |accessdate= October 4, 2016 }}
10. ^Sorkin, Andrew Ross. "[https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/09/business/09deal.html California Pension Fund Expected to Take Big Stake in Silver Lake, at $275 Million]." New York Times, January 9, 2008
11. ^{{cite web |url=http://manual4ever.com/doc-file/silver-lakes-new-four-amigos |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2015-01-12 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418222641/http://manual4ever.com/doc-file/silver-lakes-new-four-amigos |archivedate=2015-04-18 |df= }}
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://allthingsd.com/20131028/departing-skype-exec-gillett-to-become-head-of-value-creation-at-silver-lake/|title=Departing Skype Exec Gillett to Become Head of "Value Creation" at Silver Lake|accessdate=2013-11-01}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/silver-lake-announces-appointment-of-mark-gillett-as-head-of-value-creation-229574721.html |title= Silver Lake Announces Appointment Of Mark Gillett As Head Of Value Creation|accessdate=2013-11-02}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/12/business/dealbook/dell-to-buy-emc-for-65-billion-a-record-takeover-in-technology.html|title=In Takeover of EMC, Dell Makes Ambitious Bet|date=12 October 2015|work=The New York Times|accessdate=1 June 2016}}
15. ^1 Official Dell press release on (leveraged) buyout by Michael Dell and Silver Lake {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130210025350/http://content.dell.com/us/en/corp/d/secure/2013-02-04-michael-dell-silverlake-acquisition.aspx |date=2013-02-10 }}, 5 February 2013. Visited: 5 February 2013
16. ^{{cite news|title=Dell to go private in landmark $24.4 billion deal|first=Ben|last=Berkowitz|author2=Edwin Chan|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2013/02/05/us-dell-buyout-idUSBRE9140NF20130205|agency=Reuters|date=2013-02-05|accessdate=2013-02-05}}
17. ^{{cite news|title=Dell's Record-Breaking Buyout|first=William|last=Alden|url=https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2013/02/05/dells-record-breaking-buyout/|publisher=The New York Times|date=2013-02-05|accessdate=2013-02-05}}
18. ^Financial Times website: Michael Dell orchestrates $24bn buyout deal, 5 February 2013
19. ^[https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2009/09/01/business/business-us-skype-ebay.html EBay to Sell 65 Percent Of Skype For $1.9 Billion]. New York Times, September 1, 2009
20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.businesswire.com/portal/site/home/permalink/?ndmViewId=news_view&newsId=20090901005931&newsLang=en|title=eBay Inc. Signs Definitive Agreement to Sell Skype in Deal Valuing Communications Business at $2.75 Billion - Business Wire|publisher=|accessdate=1 June 2016}}
21. ^1 [https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2011/05/10/skype-investors-reap-windfall-in-microsoft-deal/ Skype Investors Reap Windfall in Deal With Microsoft]. New York Times, May 10, 2011
22. ^[https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2011/05/10/who-will-win-in-skype-deal/ The Big Winners in the Skype Deal]. New York Times, May 10, 2011
23. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.informationweek.com/news/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=199901276|title=Investment Firms Pick Up Avaya For $8.2 Billion - InformationWeek|publisher=|accessdate=1 June 2016}}
24. ^Sorkin, Andrew Ross. "2 Firms Pay $4.3 Billion for Sabre." New York Times, December 12, 2006.
25. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/04/business/worldbusiness/04chip.html |title=Technology; Royal Philips Sells Unit for $4.4 Billion|publisher=New York Times|author=Bloomberg News|date=2006-08-04|accessdate=2008-04-27}}
26. ^[https://www.forbes.com/technology/2006/08/02/philips-kkr-semiconductors-cx_po_0802philips.html KKR in deal to buy Philips Semiconductors]. Forbes, August 2, 2006
27. ^"[https://www.nytimes.com/2005/03/29/business/29sungard.html Capital Firms Agree to Buy SunGard Data in Cash Deal]." Bloomberg L.P., March 29, 2005
28. ^{{cite web|url=http://compoundsemiconductor.net/cws/article/news/35575|title=Avago files for $400m IPO|date=2008-08-28}}{{Dead link|date=September 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
29. ^Avago Tech. (AVGO) Sees IPO Price of $13-$15. Street Insider, July 27, 2009
30. ^Avago Technologies Limited Prices Initial Public Offering{{dead link|date=May 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. MSN Money, August 5, 2009
31. ^[https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2011-06-23/why-some-skypers-are-seeing-red/ Why Some Skypers Are Seeing Red]. Bloomberg Businessweek Magazine, June 23, 2011

External links

  • Silver Lake (company website)
{{Private equity and venture capital}}{{Largest private equity firms}}{{Private equity firms}}

8 : Financial services companies of the United States|Companies established in 1999|Private equity firms of the United States|Companies based in Menlo Park, California|Silver Lake Partners|Private equity portfolio companies|Silver Lake Partners companies|1999 establishments in California
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