| 词条 | Singing honeyeater |
| 释义 |
| name = Singing honeyeater | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = [1] | image = Singing Honeyeater (5113414347).jpg | genus = Gavicalis | species = virescens | authority = (Vieillot, 1817) | synonyms = Lichenostomus virescens }} The singing honeyeater (Gavicalis virescens) is a small bird found in Australia, and is part of the honeyeater family, Meliphagidae.[2] The bird lives in a wide range of shrub-land, wood-land and coastal habitat. It is relatively common and is widespread right across Australia west of the Great Dividing Range, through to the west coast and on Western Australian coastal islands. It does not occur in other countries. TaxonomyThe singing honeyeater was originally described as Meliphaga virescens lipferti.[3] It was previously placed in the genus Lichenostomus but was moved to Gavicalis after molecular phylogenetic analysis published in 2011 showed that the original genus was polyphyletic.[4][5] DescriptionSinging honeyeaters can vary in length from 17–22 cm.[6] Their over-all appearance is grey-brown. The tail and wings are olive-green with flashes of yellow. There is a broad black stripe running from the behind the beak to the back, and a yellow streak immediately below this from the eye. The bird’s song ranges from scratchy to melodious. The song also varies according to where they live. The singing honeyeater has many close relatives that have a similar general appearance or some details in common, with overlapping ranges and similar voices, so a bird identification guide with clear visuals may be essential to attain clear identity. HabitSinging honeyeaters eat a variety of foods, including nectar, small insects, fruits, grubs, and berries. This makes them omnivorous creatures. Singing honeyeaters breed between July and February. They are capable of forming longtime relationships with partners. When they are breeding, they show aggressive actions. The eggs are a light cream-brown with some darker spots. Their nest is a cup of grass, plant stems, and spider webs. Singing honeyeaters live in families. They will attack larger animals, if they feel threatened by them, or if they are in their territory. They have been known to attack intruders in mobs thus showing they are a community-like bird. They associate with other species of birds, such as the brown honeyeater and the red wattlebird. It is different from many birds however, because it lacks the ability to communicate with other birds of the same species. As a study by M.C. Baker (1996) showed, the birds of the mainland did not respond to the songs of singing honey eaters found on an island off Australia’s west coast. The study showed that the songs of the birds on the island were smaller, had less song types, syllable types, and fewer syllables and notes per song. References1. ^{{IUCN|id=22704061 |title=Gavicalis virescens |assessor=BirdLife International |assessor-link=BirdLife International |version=2013.2 |year=2012 |accessdate=26 November 2013}} 2. ^{{cite book |last1=Morcombe |first1=Michael |date=2000 |title=Field Guide to Australian Birds |location=Box 1058, Archerfield, Qld |publisher=Steve Parish Publishing |page=256 |isbn=174021417X}} 3. ^{{cite web | url=http://museum.wa.gov.au/catalogues/digitised-types/meliphaga-virescens-lipferti | title=Meliphaga virescens lipferti | publisher=Western Australian Museum | accessdate=2 May 2014}} 4. ^{{cite journal | last=Nyári | first=Á.S. | last2=Joseph | first2=L. | year= 2011 |title= Systematic dismantlement of Lichenostomus improves the basis for understanding relationships within the honeyeaters (Meliphagidae) and historical development of Australo–Papuan bird communities |journal= Emu | volume= 111 |issue= | pages=202–211 | url= |doi=10.1071/mu10047}} 5. ^{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | title=Honeyeaters | work= World Bird List Version 6.1 | url= http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/honeyeaters/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union| accessdate= 28 January 2016 }} 6. ^{{cite book |last1=Simpson |first1=K. |last2=Day |first2=N. |date=2010 |title=Field Guide to the Birds of Australia|location=Melbourne |publisher=Penguin Books |page= |isbn=9780670072316}}
External links{{Commons category|Lichenostomus virescens}}{{Wikispecies|Lichenostomus virescens}}
4 : Gavicalis|Birds of Australia|Endemic birds of Australia|Birds described in 1817 |
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