| 词条 | Siphonops annulatus |
| 释义 |
| name = Ringed caecilian | image = Siphonops annulatus IRDias 2014.png | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = [1] | taxon = Siphonops annulatus | authority = (Mikan, 1820) | synonyms = Caecilia interrupta Cuvier, 1829 Dermophis crassus Cope, 1885 Siphonops annulatus ssp. marmoratus Sawaya, 1937 }} The ringed caecilian (Siphonops annulatus) is a species of amphibian in the family Siphonopidae from South America.[2] It might have the broadest known distribution among terrestrial caecilian species.[3] DescriptionRinged caecilian measures {{convert|286|-|450|mm|abbr=on}} mm in total length. The body is cylindrical and slightly wider than deep. It is bluish-black to slate in colour. The annular grooves that completely encircle the body (except the 3–4 posteriormost ones) are edged in white or cream.[3] Distribution and habitatWidely distributed east of the Andes: originally discovered in Brazil,[2] reported to exist in Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, dry savanna, moist savanna, subtropical or tropical moist shrubland, subtropical or tropical seasonally wet or flooded lowland grassland, pastureland, plantations, rural gardens, and heavily degraded former forest.[1] ReproductionNestlings are equipped with 44 spoon-shaped teeth to feed on the outer layer of their mother's skin. Young feed all at once for some seven minutes; then they all rest for three days as the female grows a new outer skin layer.[4] This phenomenon is known as maternal dermatophagy. This practice and morphological similarities are shared with its African relative Boulengerula taitana, suggesting it evolved over 100 million years ago.[5] References1. ^1 {{IUCN2013.1| id = 59593| title = Siphonops annulatus| assessor = Lavilla, E.| assessor2 = Hoogmoed, M.| assessor3 = Reichle, S.| assessor4 = Baldo, D.| assessor5 = Wilkinson, M.| assessor6 = Measey, J.| last-assessor-amp = yes| year = 2010| downloaded = 6 July 2013}} 2. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/Amphibia/Gymnophiona/Siphonopidae/Siphonops/Siphonops-annulatus |title=Siphonops annulatus (Mikan, 1820) |author=Frost, Darrel R. |year=2015 |work=Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0 |publisher=American Museum of Natural History |accessdate=13 April 2015}} 3. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://amphibiaweb.org/cgi/amphib_query?where-genus=Siphonops&where-species=annulatus |title=Siphonops annulatus |year=2015 |work=AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application] |publisher=Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb |accessdate=13 March 2015}} 4. ^David Attenborough: Life in Cold Blood, page 28. BBC Books, 2008. 5. ^{{cite journal|author=Mark Wilkinson|date=June 2008|title= One hundred million years of skin feeding? Extended parental care in a Neotropical caecilian (Amphibia: Gymnophiona)|journal=Biology Letters|doi=10.1098/rsbl.2008.0217|volume=4|pages=358–61|pmid=18547909|issue=4|pmc=2610157|display-authors=etal}} External links
14 : Siphonops|Amphibians of Argentina|Amphibians of Bolivia|Amphibians of Brazil|Amphibians of Colombia|Amphibians of Ecuador|Amphibians of French Guiana|Amphibians of Guyana|Amphibians of Paraguay|Amphibians of Peru|Amphibians of Suriname|Amphibians of Venezuela|Amphibians described in 1820|Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
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