| 词条 | Erwin Baker | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Erwin George "Cannon Ball" Baker | image = CannonballBaker.jpg | alt = Erwin "Cannon Ball" Baker in New York after his transcontinental journey | caption = Erwin "Cannon Ball" Baker in New York with his Indian motorcycle after his 1912 international journey | birth_date = {{Birth date|1882|03|12}} | birth_place = Dearborn County, Indiana, US | death_date = {{Death date and age|1960|05|10|1882|03|12}} | death_place = Indianapolis, Indiana, US | burial_place = Crown Hill Cemetery, Indianapolis, Indiana | burial_coordinates = | monuments = | residence = | nationality = | other_names = | citizenship = | education = | alma_mater = | occupation = Automotive driving & racing | years_active = 1910s to 1930s | era = | employer = | organization = | known_for = Multiple record-setting point-to-point drives | home_town = | salary = | net_worth = | height = | weight = | television = | title = | term = | predecessor = | successor = | party = | movement = | opponents = | boards = | spouse = | partner = | children = | parents = | mother = | father = | relatives = | family = | callsign = | awards = Indianapolis Motor Speedway Hall of Fame Motorsports Hall of Fame of America Motorcycle Hall of Fame | website = | signature = | signature_size = | signature_alt = | footnotes = }} Erwin George "Cannon Ball" Baker (March 12, 1882 – May 10, 1960) was an American motorcycle and automobile racing driver and organizer in the first half of the 20th century. Baker began his public career as a vaudeville performer, but turned to driving and racing after winning a dirt-track motorcycle race in Crawfordsville, Indiana in about 1904. Baker was also famous for his record-setting point-to-point drives, in which he was paid to promote the products of various motorcycle and automobile manufacturers. In all, he made 143 cross-country motorcycle speed runs totaling about {{convert|550000|mi|km}}. In 1908, Baker purchased an Indian motorcycle and began entering and winning local races. His most famous victory came in 1909 at the first race ever held at the newly built Indianapolis Motor Speedway. Baker also raced at the 1922 Indianapolis 500, placing 11th in a Frontenac. He later became the first commissioner of NASCAR. Baker was inducted into the Indianapolis Motor Speedway Hall of Fame in 1981, the Motorsports Hall of Fame of America in 1989 and the American Motorcyclist Association Motorcycle Hall of Fame in 1998. LifeBaker was born in Dearborn County, Indiana, in 1882. In January 1912 he left Indianapolis on a two-speed Indian and covered {{convert|14000|mi}} in three months, traveling through Florida, down to Cuba and Jamaica, and then to Panama.[1][2] He took a steamer up to San Diego where he based himself for a while and from there he competed in several endurance runs in both California and Arizona. It was during this time that Baker decided he would attempt to break the transcontinental record. After a record-setting transcontinental drive in 1914, he received his nickname "Cannon Ball" from a New York newspaper writer who compared him to the Cannonball Express train of the Illinois Central made famous by Casey Jones.[3] RecordsBaker set 143 driving records from the 1910s through the 1930s. His first was set in 1914, riding coast to coast on an Indian motorcycle in 11 days. He normally rode to sponsor manufacturers, guaranteeing them "no record, no money". In 1915, Baker drove from Los Angeles to New York City in 11 days, 7 hours and fifteen minutes in a Stutz Bearcat, and the following year drove a Cadillac 8 roadster from Los Angeles to Times Square in 7 days, 11 hours, and 52 minutes, while accompanied by an Indianapolis newspaper reporter. For ReVere, he drove a car that might have been the first work's prototype vehicle on a very extended reliability, endurance, and promotion run. The trip took about four months from June to September of 1918, went over 16,234 miles and connected the 48 state capitals.[4] In 1924 he made his first midwinter transcontinental run in a stock Gardner sedan at a time of 4 days, 14 hours, and 15 minutes. He was so impressed by the car, that he purchased one thereafter.[5] In 1926 he drove a loaded two-ton truck from New York to San Francisco in a record 5 days, 17 hours, and 30 minutes, and in 1928, he beat the 20th Century Limited train from New York to Chicago. Also in 1928, he competed in the Mount Washington Hillclimb Auto Race, and set a record time of 14:49.6 seconds, driving a Franklin.[6] His best-remembered drive was a 1933 New York City to Los Angeles trek in a Graham-Paige model 57 Blue Streak 8, setting a 53.5 hour record that stood for nearly 40 years. This drive inspired the later Cannonball Baker Sea-To-Shining-Sea Memorial Trophy Dash, better known as the "Cannonball Run", which itself inspired at least five movies and a television series. In 1941, he drove a new Crosley Covered Wagon across the nation in a troublefree {{convert|6517|mi|km|adj=on}} run to prove the economy and reliability characteristics of Crosley automobiles. Other record and near-record transcontinental trips were made in Model T Fords, Chrysler Imperials, Marmons, Falcon-Knights and Columbia Tigers, among others. DeathBaker died of a heart attack at Community Hospital in Indianapolis, Indiana on May 10, 1960, at age 78. He is buried at Crown Hill Cemetery in Indianapolis.[7] Historical markerIn 2017, an Indiana state historical marker commemorating "Cannon Ball" Baker was installed by the Indiana Historical Bureau in front of Baker's home at 902 East Garfield Drive in Indianapolis. The home overlooks Garfield Park.[8] Indy 500 results{{col-begin|width=auto}}{{col-break}}
See also
References
1. ^{{citation |url=http://www.indianapolismotorspeedway.com/var/assets/08_indy500_CANNON%20BALL.pdf |publisher=Indianapolis Motor Speedway |title=Cannon Ball |page=192 |work=2008 Indianapolis 500 flyer |year=2008 |deadurl=yes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322131426/http://www.indianapolismotorspeedway.com/var/assets/08_indy500_CANNON%20BALL.pdf |archive-date=March 22, 2012|df=}} 2. ^{{citation |title=Cannon Ball Baker |date=July 2013 |journal=Hemmings Classic Car |url=http://www.hemmings.com/hcc/stories/2013/07/01/hmn_feature12.html}} 3. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.motorcyclemuseum.org/halloffame/detail.aspx?RacerID=15 |title = AMA Motorcycle Hall of Fame: Erwin 'Cannonball' Baker |work = Motorcycle Hall of Fame |publisher = American Motorcyclist Association |location = Pickerington, OH USA |access-date = October 22, 2011}} 4. ^{{citation |title=ReVere's Ride |date=February 2006 |journal=Hemmings Classic Car |url= https://www.hemmings.com/magazine/hcc/2006/02/ReVere-s-Ride/1282137.html}} 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.gardnermotorcars.com/cb-run.html |title=Cannonball Baker Run of 1924 |website=GarnderMotorCars.com |access-date=April 18, 2018}} 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.climbtotheclouds.com/history.html |title=The Climb to the Clouds Vintage Hillclimb at the Mt. Washington Auto Road at the base of Mt. Washington, Pinkham Notch New Hampshire |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071216073259/http://www.climbtotheclouds.com/history.html |archive-date=December 16, 2007 }} 7. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.crownhillhf.org/docs/IndianapolisAutoGreatsHandout.pdf |title=Indianapolis Auto greats |publisher=Crown Hill Cemetery |work=Celebrating Automotive Heritage at Crown Hill Cemetery |year=2011 |access-date=September 10, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120913203018/http://crownhillhf.org/docs/IndianapolisAutoGreatsHandout.pdf |archive-date=September 13, 2012 }} 8. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.in.gov/history/markers/4381.htm |title="Cannon Ball" Baker |publisher=Indiana Historical Bureau |access-date=April 18, 2018}} External links
12 : 1882 births|1960 deaths|American motorcycle racers|20th-century American racing drivers|Indianapolis 500 drivers|NASCAR commissioners|NASCAR people|Motorcycle Hall of Fame inductees|Burials at Crown Hill Cemetery|People from Dearborn County, Indiana|Racing drivers from Indiana|Motorsports Hall of Fame of America inductees |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 随便看 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。