| 词条 | Erythema multiforme |
| 释义 |
| name = Erythema multiforme (EM) | synonyms = | image = Erythema multiforme minor of the hand.jpg | caption = Erythema multiforme minor of the hands (note the blanching centers of the lesion) | pronounce = | field = Dermatology | symptoms = | complications = | onset = | duration = | types = | causes = | risks = | diagnosis = | differential = | prevention = | treatment = | medication = | prognosis = | frequency = | deaths = }} Erythema multiforme (EM) is a skin condition of unknown cause; it is a type of erythema possibly mediated by deposition of immune complexes (mostly IgM-bound complexes) in the superficial microvasculature of the skin and oral mucous membrane that usually follows an infection or drug exposure. It is an uncommon disorder, with peak incidence in the second and third decades of life. The disorder has various forms or presentations, which its name reflects (multiforme, "multiform", from multi- + formis). Target lesions are a typical manifestation. Two types, one mild to moderate and one severe, are recognized (erythema multiforme minor and erythema multiforme major). Signs and symptomsThe condition varies from a mild, self-limited rash (E. multiforme minor)[1] to a severe, life-threatening form known as erythema multiforme major (or erythema multiforme majus) that also involves mucous membranes.{{citation needed|date=June 2015}} Consensus classification:[2]
Steven-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) and Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) used to be considered part of the Erythema multiforme spectrum, that is no longer the case.[3] The mild form usually presents with mildly itchy (but itching can be very severe), pink-red blotches, symmetrically arranged and starting on the extremities. It often takes on the classical "target lesion" appearance,[4] with a pink-red ring around a pale center. Resolution within 7–10 days is the norm. Individuals with persistent (chronic) erythema multiforme will often have a lesion form at an injury site, e.g. a minor scratch or abrasion, within a week. Irritation or even pressure from clothing will cause the erythema sore to continue to expand along its margins for weeks or months, long after the original sore at the center heals.{{citation needed|date=June 2015}} {{Gallery|lines=3 |Image:Target_lesion_1.jpg|Target lesion |File:Erythema Multiforme target lesions on the leg, Nell Brigham, 2011.jpg|Erythema Multiforme target lesions on the leg }} Causes{{See also|List of human leukocyte antigen alleles associated with cutaneous conditions}}Many suspected aetiologic factors have been reported to cause EM.[5]
EM minor is regarded as being triggered by HSV in almost all cases.[4] A herpetic aetiology also accounts for 55% of cases of EM major.[4] Among the other infections, Mycoplasma infection appears to be a common cause. Herpes simplex virus suppression and even prophylaxis (with acyclovir) has been shown to prevent recurrent erythema multiforme eruption.{{citation needed|date=October 2014}} TreatmentErythema multiforme is frequently self-limiting and requires no treatment. The appropriateness of glucocorticoid therapy can be uncertain, because it is difficult to determine if the course will be a resolving one.[6] See also
References1. ^{{DorlandsDict|three/000036713|erythema multiforme}} 2. ^{{EMedicine|article|1122915|Erythema Multiforme}} 3. ^{{cite web |last1=Wetter |first1=David |title=Erythema multiforme: Pathogenesis, clinical features, and diagnosis |url=https://www-uptodate-com.library1.unmc.edu/contents/erythema-multiforme-pathogenesis-clinical-features-and-diagnosis?search=Erythema%20multiforme&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1 |website=UpToDate.com |accessdate=29 December 2018}} 4. ^1 2 {{cite journal |vauthors=Lamoreux MR, Sternbach MR, Hsu WT |title=Erythema multiforme |journal=Am Fam Physician |volume=74 |issue=11 |pages=1883–8 |date=December 2006 |pmid=17168345 |doi= |url=http://www.aafp.org/afp/20061201/1883.html}} 5. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001854/|title=Erythema Multiforme |publisher=Pubmed Health |accessdate=28 November 2012}} 6. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Yeung AK, Goldman RD |title=Use of steroids for erythema multiforme in children |journal=Can Fam Physician |volume=51 |issue= 11|pages=1481–3 |date=November 2005 |pmid=16353829 |pmc=1479482 |doi= |url=http://www.cfp.ca/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=16353829}} External links{{Medical resources| DiseasesDB = 4450 | ICD10 = {{ICD10|L|51||l|50}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|695.1}} | ICDO = | OMIM = | MedlinePlus = 000851 | eMedicineSubj = derm | eMedicineTopic = 137 | MeshID = D004892 }}{{Diseases of the skin and appendages by morphology}}{{Urticaria and erythema}} 2 : Erythemas|Herpes simplex virus-associated diseases |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。