| 词条 | Sistema Ox Bel Ha |
| 释义 |
| name = Sistema Ox Bel Ha | map = Mexico | relief=1 | map_caption = Location in Mexico | label_position = left | coordinates = {{coord|20|9|37|N|87|29|15|W|region:MX-ROO|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | mark = Gfi-set01-cave_blue.svg | mark_width = 10 | photo = | photo_caption = | location = Quintana Roo, Mexico | depth = {{convert|57.3|m|abbr=on}}[1] | length = {{convert|270.17|km|abbr=on}}[1] | survey = Grupo de Exploración Ox Bel Ha | survey_format = | discovery = February 1996 | geology = Limestone | entrance_count = 143 Cenotes[1] | entrance_list = | difficulty = Advanced cave diving | hazards = | access = }}Sistema Ox Bel Ha (from Mayan meaning "Three Paths of Water"; short Ox Bel Ha) is a cave system in Quintana Roo, Mexico. It is the longest explored underwater cave in the world[1] and ranks fourth including dry caves.[2] As of May 2017 the surveyed length is {{convert|270.2|km|sp=us}} of underwater passages.[1] There are more than 140 cenotes in the system.[3] DiscoveriesThe Naranjal subsystem is part of Sistema Ox Bel Ha. Three prehistoric human remains have been found within the subsystem. The Jailhouse cenote, or Las Palmas, is the entrance to the locations of the Muknal and Las Palmas caves. The skeleton of an 18 to 20 year-old woman, Eve of Naharon, (13,454±117 cal BP) was discovered at a location around 368 {{convert|368|m|abbr=on}} away from the Jailhouse cenote entrance. The skeleton of a 44 to 50 year-old woman, {{Interlanguage link multi|Las Palmas Lady|es|Mujer de Las Palmas}} (8,937±203 cal BP) was found at a location around {{convert|2|km|abbr=on}} away from the Jailhouse cenote entrance. The Muknal cave, part of the Naranjal subsystem, contained the remains of a 40 to 50 year-old man, the Muknal Grandfather (9,600 cal BP). Unlike the other two skeletons in the subsystem, the Muknal Grandfather shows evidence of secondary burial. Analysis of these skeletons suggests that Ox Bel Ha was likely used as an important site for ritual burial.[3] A new genus and species of extinct peccary, Muknalia minima, was identified from a fossil mandible found in the Muknal cave of the Ox Bel Ha system.[4] See also
External links
References1. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web |publisher = National Speleological Society (NSS) |work=Quintana Roo Speleological Survey|title = List of Long Underwater Caves in Quintana Roo Mexico |url = http://www.caves.org/project/qrss/qrlong.htm |date = {{Date|2017-05-01|mdy}} |accessdate = {{Date|2017-05-26|mdy}}}} {{Recreational dive sites}}{{Prehistoric caves}}{{Quintana Roo}}{{-}}{{QuintanaRoo-geo-stub}}{{regional-geology-stub}}{{Caving-stub}}2. ^{{cite web | author = Bob Gulden | title = Worlds longest caves | publisher = NSS | work = Geo2 Committee on Long and Deep Caves | url = http://www.caverbob.com/wlong.htm | date = {{Date|2016-11-28|mdy}} | accessdate = {{Date|2017-05-26|mdy}}}} 3. ^1 {{cite journal | last=Stinnesbeck | first=Sarah R | last2=Stinnesbeck | first2=Wolfgang | last3=Terrazas Mata | first3=Alejandro | last4=Avilés Olguín | first4=Jerónimo | last5=Benavente Sanvicente | first5=Martha | last6=Zell | first6=Patrick | last7=Frey | first7=Eberhard | last8=Lindauer | first8=Susanne | last9=Rojas Sandoval | first9=Carmen | last10=Velázquez Morlet | first10=Adriana | last11=Acevez Nuñez | first11=Eugenio | last12=González González | first12=Arturo | title=The Muknal cave near Tulum, Mexico: An early-Holocene funeral site on the Yucatán peninsula | journal=The Holocene | publisher=SAGE Publications | date=2018-09-05 | issn=0959-6836 | doi=10.1177/0959683618798124 | page=095968361879812}} 4. ^{{cite journal | last=Stinnesbeck | first=Sarah R. | last2=Frey | first2=Eberhard | last3=Stinnesbeck | first3=Wolfgang | last4=Avíles Olguín | first4=Jeronimo | last5=Zell | first5=Patrick | last6=Terrazas Mata | first6=Alejandro | last7=Benavente Sanvicente | first7=Martha | last8=González González | first8=Arturo | last9=Rojas Sandoval | first9=Carmen | last10=Acevez Nuñez | first10=Eugenio | title=A new fossil peccary from the Pleistocene-Holocene boundary of the eastern Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico | journal=Journal of South American Earth Sciences | publisher=Elsevier BV | volume=77 | year=2017 | issn=0895-9811 | doi=10.1016/j.jsames.2016.11.003 | pages=341–349}} 9 : Sistema Sac Actun and Sistema Dos Ojos|Caves of Mexico|Landforms of Quintana Roo|Limestone caves|Natural history of Quintana Roo|Sinkholes of Mexico|Tulum (municipality)|Tourist attractions in Quintana Roo|Underwater diving sites in Mexico |
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