“S. K. Pottekkatt”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Sankaran Kutty Pottekkatt (14 March 1913 – 6 August 1982), popularly known as S. K. Pottekkatt, was an Indian writer of Malayalam literature and a politician from Kerala, India. He was the author of nearly sixty books which include ten novels, twenty-four collections of short stories, three anthologies of poems, eighteen travelogues, four plays, a collection of essays and a couple of books based on personal reminiscences. he was a recipient of Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Novel, Sahitya Akademi Award and the Jnanpith Award. His works have been translated into English, Italian, Russian, German and Czech, besides all major Indian languages.

Biography

S. K. Pottekkatt was born on March 14, 1923 in Calicut (Kozhikode) to Kunjiraman Pottekkat, an English school teacher and his wife, Kittuli.^[1] After early schooling at Ganapath School, he matriculated from Zamorin's High School in Calicut in 1929 and passed the intermediate examination from Zamorin's Guruvayurappan College, Calicut in 1934 but could not find a job for three years, a period which he utilised for studying classics from Indian and western literature. In 1937, he joined Calicut Gujarati School as a teacher where he taught for almost three years.^[2] He was involved with activities of the Indian National Congress and attended the Tripuri session of 1939 for which he resigned from the job as the school authorities did not allow him leave of absence. Subsequently, he moved to Bombay and Lucknow where he stayed until 1945, doing many jobs.^[1] After returning to Kerala in 1945, he traveled to many parts of India and went on his first overseas tour in 1949 when he visited Africa, Switzerland, Italy, Germany, France and England. In 1952, he again went overseas to visit Ceylon, Malaya, Singapore and Indonesia.^[2]

Pottekkatt married Jayavalli in 1950 and the couple had two sons and two daughters. His wife died in 1980 and two years later, he suffered a paralytic stroke in July 1982, which killed him on August 6, 1982 in a private hospital in Calicut.^[3]

Literary career and travels

Pottekkatt published his first story, Rajaneethi, in the collge magazine of Zamorin's Guruvayurappan College in 1928.{{citation needed|date=March 2019}} Makane Konna Madyam (poem published in Athmavidya Kahalam) and Hindu Muslim Maithri (story published in Deepam) were some of his notable early works. The story "Vydyutha Shakthi" came in the February 1934 issue of Mathrubhumi Illustrated Weekly. He wrote his first novel, Naadanpremam, a romantic story set in Mukkam, a small hamlet in Kozhikode district,^[4] in 1939 while he was in Bombay and the novel was eventually published in 1941.^[2]^[5] This was followed by Yavanikakku Pinnil, a short story anthology, and the second novel Vishakanyaka; the latter would receive a prize from the Madras government in 1949.^[2] Two travelogues were the next two publications, Kappirikalude Naattil (In the Land of the Negroes) and Innathe Europe (The Europe Today), both based on his first overseas tour.{{citation needed|date=March 2019}} He published Oru Theruvinte Katha in 1960 and his magnum opus, Oru Desathinte Katha, in 1971.{{citation needed|date=March 2019}}

Pottekkatt was a writer of strong social commitmment and ideals, possessing an individualistic vision.^[2] He is reported to be the pioneer of the genre of travelogues in India^[6] and its most notable practioner in Malayalam literature^[7] which earned him the moniker, the John Gunther of Malayalam.^[8] Poetry anthologies like Sanchariyude Geethangal and Premashilpi, Achan (play), novels like Premashiksha and Moodupadam, short story anthologies such as Nishagandhi, Pulliman and Chandrakatham, travelogues viz. Simhabhoomi, Nile Diary and Pathira Sooryante Nattil as well as memoirs like Ponthakkadukal and Samsarikkunna Diarykurippukal are some of his other major works.^[9] His works have been translated into English, Italian, Russian, German and Czech, besides all major Indian languages.^[1] An Italian anthology of The Best Short Stories of the World published from Milan in 1971 included his Braanthan Naaya (Mad Dog). A collection of eleven of his short stories in Russian had a sensational sales of one hundred thousand copies in two weeks.{{citation needed|2019|date=March 2019}} His stories have made into feature films in Malayalam; Naadan Premam,^[10] Moodupadam,^[11] Pulliman^[12] and Njavalppazhangal are some of them.^[13]

Political career

Pottekkatt contested twice in elections to Indian Parliament from Thalassery under the banner of the Communist Party of India,^[14] the first in 1957 to the 2nd Lok Sabha when he lost to M. K. Jinachandran by 1000 votes and the next in 1962 to the 3rd Lok Sabha when he defeated Sukumar Azhikode by a margin of 66,000 votes; he served out his term until 1967.^[1]

Awards and honours

Bibliography

Novels

Short stories

Travelogues

Poetry

Drama

Others

Translations into other languages

Films

Writings on Pottekkatt

References

1. ^¹²³{{Cite web |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/PROFILES/SKPottakkat/Html/SKPottekkatgraphy.htm |title=Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal |date=2019-02-28 |website=Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal |access-date=2019-02-28}}
2. ^¹²³⁴{{Cite web |url=https://specials.manoramaonline.com/Literature/2014/SK-Pottakkattu/Centenary-Special.html |title=S K Pottekkatt - Centenary of a World Traveler |date=2019-03-01 |website=specials.manoramaonline.com |access-date=2019-03-01}}
3. ^[https://www.mathrubhumi.com/print-edition/vidya/-malayalam-news-1.920019 "സഞ്ചാരിയായ എഴുത്തുകാരന്‍!"]. Mathrubhumi. Retrieved 4 March 2019.
4. ^{{Cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/Telling-the-tale-of-Mukkom/article14904348.ece |title=Telling the tale of Mukkom |date=2007-12-30 |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |access-date=2019-03-01}}
5. ^{{Cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/2005/09/20/stories/2005092002050200.htm |title=Mukkom's tribute to a litterateur |website=www.thehindu.com |access-date=2019-03-01}}
6. ^{{cite book|author=Sisir Kumar Das|title=History of Indian Literature: 1911-1956, struggle for freedom : triumph and tragedy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sqBjpV9OzcsC&pg=PA253|year=2005|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-7201-798-9|pages=253–}}
7. ^{{cite book|author=K. M. George|title=Modern Indian Literature, an Anthology: Surveys and poems|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m1R2Pa3f7r0C&pg=PA255|year=1992|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-7201-324-0|pages=255–}}
8. ^{{Cite web |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/travel/features/s-k-pottekkatt-malayalam-news-1.928361 |title=അനുസ്മരിക്കാം ഈ മാന്ത്രികസഞ്ചാരിയെ |last=ഹരികൃഷ്ണന്‍ |first=എച്ച് |website=Mathrubhumi |language=en |access-date=2019-03-01}}
9. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/PROFILES/SKPottakkat/Html/SKPottakkatPage.htm |title=List of works |date=2019-03-01 |website=Kerala Sahitya Akademi |access-date=2019-03-01}}
10. ^{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0273866/fullcredits?ref_=tt_ov_wr#writers/ |title=Nadan Premam |date=2019-03-01 |website=IMDb |access-date=2019-03-01}}
11. ^{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0214962/?ref_=nm_knf_t3 |title=Moodupadam |date=2019-03-01 |website=IMDb |access-date=2019-03-01}}
12. ^{{Cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0274011/?ref_=nm_knf_t1 |title=Pullimaan |date=2019-03-01 |website=IMDb |access-date=2019-03-01}}
13. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0313408/ |title=Njaaval Pazhangal |date=2019-03-01 |website=IMDb |access-date=2019-03-01}}
14. ^{{cite book|author=Thomas Welbourne Clark|title=The Novel in India: Its Birth and Development|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=esji8DgSMbQC&pg=PA218|year=1970|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-01725-2|pages=218–}}
15. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/ksa/Awards/novel.htm |title=Kerala Sahitya Academy- Awards |access-date=28 June 2012}}
16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/awards.htm |title=Kendra Sahitya Academy Awards (Malayalam) |publisher=Public Relations Department, Government of Kerala |accessdate=11 April 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070524212356/http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/awards.htm |archivedate=24 May 2007 |df= }}
17. ^Jnanpith Award winners in Malayalam
18. ^{{Cite web |url=http://jnanpith.net/laureates/index.html |title=Jnanpith Laureates Official listings |publisher=Jnanpith Website |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013122739/http://jnanpith.net/laureates/index.html |archive-date=13 October 2007 |dead-url=yes}}
19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.universityofcalicut.info/news/formerdegreerecepients.pdf|title=Honorary degree by Calicut University}}
20. ^{{Cite web |url=http://postagestamps.gov.in/Stamps2003.aspx |title=Postage Stamps:: Postage Stamps,Stamp issue calender 2014, Paper postage, Commemorative and definitive stamps, Service Postage Stamps, Philately Offices, Philatelic Bureaux and counters, Mint stamps (unused stamps) |date=2019-03-01 |website=postagestamps.gov.in |access-date=2019-03-01}}
21. ^{{Cite web |url=https://specials.manoramaonline.com/Literature/2014/SK-Pottakkattu/index.html |title=S K Pottekkatt Centenary Special |website=specials.manoramaonline.com |access-date=2019-02-28}}
22. ^{{Cite web |url=http://archive.is/Hb9Mz |title=മഹാസഞ്ചാരി - Madhyamam Weekly |date=2013-06-29 |website=archive.is |access-date=2019-02-28}}