“Slavko Kvaternik”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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Slavko Kvaternik

释义

Early life
World War II
Death
Awards and decorations
References
External links

{{Infobox officeholder
|name = Slavko Kvaternik
|honorific-suffix =
|image = Slavko Kvaternik (2).JPG
|imagesize = 220px
|caption =
|order = 1st
|office = Minister of Armed Forces of the Independent State of Croatia
|term_start = 10 April 1941
|term_end = 4 January 1943
|primeminister = Ante Pavelić
|predecessor = Office established
|successor = Ante Pavelić
|office2 = Chief of General Staff of the
State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs
|term_start2 = 29 October 1918
|term_end2 = 1 December 1918
|president2 = Anton Korošec
|predecessor2 = Office established
|successor2 = Office abolished
|birth_date = {{Birth date|1878|08|25|df=y}}
|birth_place = Moravice, Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia, Austria-Hungary
|death_date = {{Death date and age|1947|06|13|1878|08|25|df=y}}
|death_place = Zagreb, PR Croatia, FPR Yugoslavia
|nationality = Croat
|party = Ustashe
|spouse = Olga Frank
|children = Eugen Dido Kvaternik
|profession = Military
|religion = Roman Catholic
|signature =
|allegiance = {{flag|Austria-Hungary}}
(1896–1918)
{{flag|Kingdom of Yugoslavia}}
(1918–1921)
{{flag|Independent State of Croatia}}
(1941–1943)
|branch = Austro-Hungarian Army
(1896–1918)
Yugoslav Royal Army
(1918–1921)
Domobranstvo
(1941–1943)
|serviceyears = 1896–1921
1941–1943
|rank = Vojskovođa
|unit =
|commands = Domobranstvo
|battles = World War I

Eastern Front
Italian Campaign

World War II
|awards = Iron Cross 1st Class
Iron Trefoil 1st Class
}}

Slavko Kvaternik (25 August 1878 – 7 June 1947) was a Croatian military general and politician who was one of the founders of the Ustaša movement, and one of the people most directly responsible for the Holocaust in Independent State of Croatia.^[1] Kvaternik was Croatian military commander and Minister of Domobranstvo (Armed Forces). On 10 April 1941 he declared the creation of the Independent State of Croatia.

Kvaternik was an officer in the Austro-Hungarian Army and was involved in World War I. After collapse of the Austria-Hungary he joined the National Council of State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs, and became Chief of the General Staff of the unrecognized State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs. As such, he defended the region of Međimurje against Hungarians. He later transferred to the Royal Yugoslav Army and remained there until 1921.

In 1929, he was one of the founders of the Ustaša-Croatian Revolutionary Movement in Italy. After Germany invaded Yugoslavia in March 1941, he declared the creation of the Independent State of Croatia on 10 April 1941 with the support of the Axis. In the newly created state, he became the Minister of the Armed Forces and in 1943 he retired.{{citation needed|date=April 2015}}

Early life

Slavko Kvaternik was born in Moravice (then known as Komorske Moravice) in the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia of Austria-Hungary on 25 August 1878, the son of Ljudevit, a postman, and his wife, Marija (née Frank), who was of German descent from Bavaria and Catholic by religion.^[2]

Slavko Kvaternik married Olga Frank, daughter of Josip Frank, a Croatian nationalist politician of Jewish descent, who converted from Judaism to Roman Catholicism. Their son, Dido, was a member of the Ustasha. At the end of August 1941, Olga Frank committed suicide, probably because of her Jewish origins and the role of her husband, and especially her son Dido, in the NDH.^[3]

During World War I, Kvaternik served as an adjutant of field marshal Svetozar Boroević and was awarded the Iron Cross 1st Class. In 1918 he joined the newly formed National Council of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs, becoming the Chief of General Staff. At the end of the year, Kvaternik commanded Croatian troops during the successful campaign in Međimurje against the Hungarian army.

World War II

After the German invasion of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia on 6 April 1941, the Ustaše formed their government with Ante Pavelić as leader. Four days later Kvaternik proclaimed the establishment of the Independent State of Croatia (NDH) and formed the first Ustasha government. At the same time, at Kvaternik's request, Vladko Maček (the leader of the Croatian Peasant Party, who had refused to cooperate with the Germans when they requested he lead the new nation) told the people to cooperate with the new regime.

Kvaternik's position at this time was commander-in-chief of the Croatian Armed Forces. This carried the title of vojskovođa (marshal). The Croatian Home Guard was established on 11 April. He stayed at this position until his retirement on 4 January 1943.^[4]

He was awarded the 1st Class Cross of the Military Order of the Iron Trefoil during his service to the NDH. This award gave him the title of vitez (knight), which is sometimes included in his name.

Death

After the Second World War's end, Kvaternik was captured by US army, tried and sentenced to death for his crimes during NDH regime, by Yugoslav officials. He was executed in Zagreb on 7 June 1947.{{citation needed|date=September 2015}}

Awards and decorations

Iron Cross of 1914, 1st class
Military Order of the Iron Trefoil, 1st class
Grand Cross of the Hungarian Order of Merit
Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary
Grand Cross of the Order of the German Eagle

References

1. ^History of the Holocaust, Yugoslavia, Yad Vashem, PEI, page 139
2. ^{{cite book |last1=Jareb |first1=Eugen Dido Kvaternik. Uredio: Jere |title=Sjećanja i zapažanja : 1925-1945 ; prilozi za hrvatsku povijest |date=1995 |publisher=Starčević |location=Zagreb |isbn=953-96369-0-6 |pages=265}}
3. ^{{cite web|title= Spomen područje Jasenovac: Slavko Kvaternik|url= http://www.jusp-jasenovac.hr/Default.aspx?sid=6274|dead-url= yes}}
4. ^"Tko je tko u NDH", Minerva, Zagreb, 1997; {{ISBN|953-6377-03-9}}, str. 226–227.{{hr icon}}

External links

Biography of Slavko Kvaternik

{{Government of Independent State of Croatia}}{{Yugoslav Axis collaborationism}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Kvaternik, Slavko}}

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