| 词条 | Snoqualmie Tunnel |
| 释义 |
| name = Snoqualmie Tunnel | image = Snoqualmietunnel.jpg | image_size = 210 | alt = | caption = East portal at Hyak in 2006 | official_name = | other_name = | line = | location = Hyak, Washington | coordinates = {{nowrap|{{Coord|47.3947|N|121.3963|W|display=it}}}} | os_grid_ref = | status = | system = | crosses = Cascade Range, near Snoqualmie Pass | start = | end = | stations = | startwork = 1912 | opened = 1914, {{Time ago|1914}} | closed = | rebuilt = | reopened = | owner = | operator = Milwaukee Road | traffic = | character = Rail until 1980, now non-motorized trail | engineer = | construction = | length = {{convert|2.2526|mi|3}} | linelength = | tracklength = | notrack = Single | gauge = Standard | el = Yes | speed = | hielevation = {{convert|2600|ft|-1}} | lowelevation = | height = | width = | depth_below_water = | shipping_clearance_above = | grade = | map = | extra = }}{{Location map |USA |relief = 1 |label = Snoqualmie Tunnel |lat = 47.3947 |long = -121.3963 |caption = Location in the United States |marksize = 5 |float = |background = |width = 230 }}{{Location map |USA Washington |relief = 1 |label = Snoqualmie Tunnel |lat = 47.3947 |long = -121.3963 |caption = Location in Washington |marksize = 5 |float = |background = |width = 200 }} The Snoqualmie Tunnel is an abandoned railroad tunnel in the northwest United States, east of Seattle in the Cascade Range of Washington, about {{convert|3|mi|0|spell=in}} south of Snoqualmie Pass. At the border of King County and Kittitas County, the tunnel is {{convert|11894|ft|mi km|3}} in length.[1] Its east portal is at Hyak, close to exit 54 of Interstate 90, at an approximate elevation of {{convert|2600|ft|-1}} above sea level, just north of Keechelus Lake. The tunnel now serves as part of a rail trail in Iron Horse State Park. The trail is officially the Palouse to Cascades State Park Trail, but was formally know as the John Wayne Pioneer Trail or the commonly called the Iron Horse Trail.[2][3] It closed January 30, 2009 and reopened July 5, 2011 after renovations to the walls, ceiling, and path were completed.[4][5] HistoryThe tunnel was constructed from 1912–1914 by the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad ("The Milwaukee Road") as part of its line from Chicago to Seattle, completed in 1909. It replaced a temporary surface line over Snoqualmie Pass at {{convert|3020|ft}}; this grade from Hyak to Rockdale later became U.S. Route 10, now the eastbound lanes of I-90. The tunnel is aligned east-west and electrification in 1917 eliminated smoke dissipation issues. In 1980, the Milwaukee Road received approval from the Interstate Commerce Commission to abandon its lines west of eastern Montana. On March 15, 1980, the final Milwaukee Road train passed through the tunnel. Later, the State of Washington acquired the right-of-way for recreational use. Today the tunnel is part of the Iron Horse State Park rails-to-trails project. It is usually closed between November 1 through early May due to ice formations inside the tunnel. On July 5, 2011 the tunnel re-opened after 11 months of renovations. The $700,000 renovation added a {{convert|4|in|cm|0|adj=on|spell=in}} layer of concrete to the walls and ceiling, a reinforced structure, and a new and improved walking surface of crushed rock.[5] DirectionsFrom Seattle, take I-90 eastbound to exit #54 at Hyak, {{convert|2|mi|0|spell=in}} beyond Snoqualmie Pass. Turn right at the exit, then turn left at the stop sign. Follow the signs leading to Iron Horse State Park / Snoqualmie Tunnel and Keechelus Trail Head, then turn right before the highway maintenance area, then turn another right into the trailhead parking lot. GallerySee also
References1. ^{{cite book|last1=Washington Geological Survey|title=Bulletin - Washington Geological Survey, Issues 16-18|date=1913|publisher=The Survey|page=259|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0iM0AQAAMAAJ&dq=Snoqualmie+Tunnel+feet+long&source=gbs_navlinks_s|accessdate=13 April 2017}} 2. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.seattlepi.com/news/article/Rolling-on-the-old-Milwaukee-rail-line-1283289.php |newspaper=Seattle Post-Intelligencer|last=Johnston |first=Greg |title=Rolling on the old Milwaukee rail line |date=August 27, 2008 |accessdate=January 9, 2017}} 3. ^{{cite news |last=Paul |first=Crystal |date=May 17, 2018 |title=Former John Wayne Pioneer Trail renamed Palouse to Cascades State Park Trail |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/life/outdoors/former-john-wayne-pioneer-trail-renamed-palouse-to-cascades-state-park-trail/ |work=The Seattle Times |accessdate=May 17, 2018}} 4. ^{{cite web|last=Dolstad|first=Mackenzie|title=Grand Re-opening of Snoqualmie Pass Tunnel|url=http://mtsgreenway.org/our-work/communities/20th-anniversary-trek/20th-anniversary-trek-community-events/grand-re-opening-of-snoqualmie-pass-tunnel|publisher=Mountains to Sound Greenway|accessdate=8 June 2011}} 5. ^1 {{cite news|title=Snoqualmie Tunnel gives cyclists, riders cool new link |url=http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/snoqualmie-tunnel-gives-cyclists-riders-cool-new-link/|newspaper=Seattle Times |last=Mapes |first=Lynda V. |date=July 6, 2011 |accessdate=January 8, 2017}} External links{{commonscat}}
6 : Railroad tunnels in Washington (state)|Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad|Transportation buildings and structures in King County, Washington|Transportation buildings and structures in Kittitas County, Washington|Tunnels completed in 1914|Pedestrian tunnels |
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