| 词条 | Sodium bis(2-methoxyethoxy)aluminium hydride |
| 释义 |
| ImageFile = Sodium bis(2-methoxyethoxy)aluminumhydride.svg | ImageFile_Ref = {{Chemboximage|correct|??}} | ImageName = Structural formula of sodium bis(2-methoxyethoxy)aluminium hydride | IUPACName = Sodium bis(2-methoxyethoxy)aluminium hydride | OtherNames = Red-Al, Synhydrid, Vitride |Section1={{Chembox Identifiers | Abbreviations = SMEAH | CASNo = 22722-98-1 | CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|changed|??}} | PubChem = 16684438 | ChemSpiderID = 21169529 | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} | SMILES = [Na+].COCCO[AlH2-]OCCOC | SMILES1 = [H][Al-](OCCOC)([H])OCCOC.[Na+] | StdInChI = 1S/2C3H7O2.Al.Na.2H/c2*1-5-3-2-4;;;;/h2*2-3H2,1H3;;;;/q2*-1;2*+1;; | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChIKey = XJIQVZMZXHEYOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} }} |Section2={{Chembox Properties | C=6 | H=16 | Al=1 | Na=1 | O=4 | Density = 1.122 g/cm3 (solid)[1] 1.036 g/mL (>60% solution) | Viscosity = 65.1 cps (70% solution){{citation needed|date=October 2014}} | Appearance = Transparent crystals }} |Section3={{Chembox Hazards | MainHazards = Highly flammable; moisture sensitive; potent skin irritant[1] }} }} Sodium bis(2-methoxyethoxy)aluminium hydride (SMEAH;[1] trade names Red-Al, Synhydrid, Vitride) is a complex hydride reductant with the formula NaAlH2(OCH2CH2OCH3)2. The trade name Red-Al refers to its being a reducing aluminium compound. It is used predominantly as a reducing agent in organic synthesis. The compound features a tetrahedral aluminium center attached to two hydride and two alkoxide groups, the latter derived from 2-methoxyethanol. Commercial solutions are colorless/pale yellow and viscous. At low temperatures (<-60°C), the solution solidifies to a glassy pulverizable substance with no sharp melting point. SMEAH is a versatile hydride reducing agent. It readily converts aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, acyl halides, and anhydrides to primary alcohols. The cyclic compounds such a lactones and epoxides are reduced to diols. Nitrogen derivates such a amides, nitriles, imines, and most other organonitrogen compounds are reduced to the corresponding amines. Nitroarenes can be converted to azoxyarenes, azoarenes, or hydroazoarenes, depending on the reaction conditions.[1] Some common functional group reductions using SMEAH can be found below: Comparison with lithium aluminium hydrideAs a reagent, SMEAH is comparable with lithium aluminium hydride (LAH, LiAlH4). It is a safer alternative to LAH and related hydrides. SMEAH exhibits similar reducing effects, but does not have the inconvenient pyrophoric nature, short shelf-life, or limited solubility of LAH. Upon contact with air and moisture, SMEAH reacts exothermically but does not ignite, and tolerates temperatures up to 200 °C. Under dry conditions it has unlimited shelf life. It is soluble in aromatic solvents, whereas LAH is only soluble in ethers. For example, a solution greater than 70 wt.% concentration in toluene is commercially available. The reagent can be modified to effect partial reductions.[1] SMEAH in toluene under reflux has been used to reduce aliphatic p-toluenesulfonamides (TsNR2) to the corresponding free amines and is one of the few reagents that can carry out this challenging reduction in general settings. Notably, LiAlH4 does not reduce this functional group unless forcing conditions are used.[2] References1. ^1 2 3 4 {{ cite encyclopedia |author1=Gugelchuk, M. |author2=Silva, L. F. III |author3=Vasconcelos, R. S. |author4=Quintiliano, S. A. P. | title = Sodium Bis(2-methoxyethoxy)aluminum Hydride | encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis | publisher = John Wiley & Sons | year = 2007 | location = New York | doi =10.1002/9780470842898.rs049.pub2}} 2. ^{{Cite book|title=Organic Synthesis|last=Smith|first=Michael B.|publisher=Academic Press|year=2011|isbn=9780124158849|location=Cambridge, Mass.|pages=368|via=}} External links
5 : Metal hydrides|Reducing agents|Aluminium complexes|Alkoxides|Sodium compounds |
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