| 词条 | Solute carrier family |
| 释义 |
The solute carrier (SLC) group of membrane transport proteins include over 400 members organized into 65 families.[1][2] Most members of the SLC group are located in the cell membrane. The SLC gene nomenclature system was originally proposed by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) and is the basis for the official HGNC names of the genes that encode these transporters. A more general transmembrane transporter classification can be found in TCDB database. Solutes that are transported by the various SLC group members are extremely diverse and include both charged and uncharged organic molecules as well as inorganic ions and the gas ammonia. As is typical of integral membrane proteins, SLCs contain a number of hydrophobic transmembrane alpha helices connected to each other by hydrophilic intra- and extra-cellular loops. Depending on the SLC, these transporters are functional as either monomers or obligate homo- or hetero-oligomers. ScopeBy convention of the nomenclature system, members within an individual SLC family have greater than 20-25% sequence homology to each other. In contrast, the homology between SLC families is very low to non-existent.[3] Hence, the criteria for inclusion of a family into the SLC group is not evolutionary relatedness to other SLC families but rather functional (i.e., an integral membrane protein that transports a solute). The SLC group include examples of transport proteins that are:
The SLC series does not include members of transport protein families that have previously been classified by other widely accepted nomenclature systems including:
Subcellular distributionMost members of the SLC group are located in the cell membrane, but some members are located in mitochondria (the most notable one being SLC family 25) or other intracellular organelles. Nomenclature systemNames of individual SLC members have the following format:
where:
For example, {{gene|SLC1A1}} is the first isoform of subfamily A of SLC family 1. An exception occurs with SLC family 21 (the organic anion transporting polypeptide transporters), which for historical reasons have names in the format SLCOnXm where n = family number, X = subfamily letter, and m = member number. While the HGNC nomenclature system by definition only includes human genes, the nomenclature system has been informally extended to include rodent species through the use of lowercase letters (e.g., Slc1a1 denotes the rodent ortholog of the human SLC1A1 gene). Families[4]
Putative SLCsPutative SLCAll the putative SLCs are plausible SLC transporters. They are only "atypical" when it comes to their names; the genes are not called according to the SLC root system. Here are some Putative SLCs listed: OCA2, CLN3, TMEM104, SPNS1, SPNS2, SPNS3, SV2A, SV2B, SV2C, SVOP, SVOPL, MFSD1,[48] MFSD2A, MFSD2B, MFSD3,[48] MFSD4A,[49] MFSD4B, MFSD5,[50] MFSD6, MFSD6L, MFSD8, MFSD9,[49] MFSD10, MFSD11,[50] MFSD12, MFSD13A, MFSD14A,[51] MFSD14B,[51] UNC93A[52] and UNC93B1. References1. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Hediger MA, Romero MF, Peng JB, Rolfs A, Takanaga H, Bruford EA | title = The ABCs of solute carriers: physiological, pathological and therapeutic implications of human membrane transport proteinsIntroduction | journal = Pflügers Archiv | volume = 447 | issue = 5 | pages = 465–8 | date = February 2004 | pmid = 14624363 | doi = 10.1007/s00424-003-1192-y }} 2. ^1 {{cite journal | vauthors = Perland E, Fredriksson R | title = Classification Systems of Secondary Active Transporters | journal = Trends in Pharmacological Sciences | volume = 38 | issue = 3 | pages = 305–315 | date = March 2017 | pmid = 27939446 | doi = 10.1016/j.tips.2016.11.008 }} 3. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Höglund PJ, Nordström KJ, Schiöth HB, Fredriksson R | title = The solute carrier families have a remarkably long evolutionary history with the majority of the human families present before divergence of Bilaterian species | journal = Molecular Biology and Evolution | volume = 28 | issue = 4 | pages = 1531–41 | date = April 2011 | pmid = 21186191 | pmc = 3058773 | doi = 10.1093/molbev/msq350 }} 4. ^{{Cite web|url=http://slc.bioparadigms.org/|title=SLCtables|website=slc.bioparadigms.org|access-date=2018-03-07}} 5. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Kanai Y, Hediger MA | title = The glutamate/neutral amino acid transporter family SLC1: molecular, physiological and pharmacological aspects | journal = Pflügers Archiv | volume = 447 | issue = 5 | pages = 469–79 | date = February 2004 | pmid = 14530974 | doi = 10.1007/s00424-003-1146-4 }} 6. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Uldry M, Thorens B | title = The SLC2 family of facilitated hexose and polyol transporters | journal = Pflügers Archiv | volume = 447 | issue = 5 | pages = 480–9 | date = February 2004 | pmid = 12750891 | doi = 10.1007/s00424-003-1085-0 }} 7. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Palacín M, Kanai Y | title = The ancillary proteins of HATs: SLC3 family of amino acid transporters | journal = Pflügers Archiv | volume = 447 | issue = 5 | pages = 490–4 | date = February 2004 | pmid = 14770309 | doi = 10.1007/s00424-003-1062-7 }} 8. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Romero MF, Fulton CM, Boron WF | title = The SLC4 family of HCO 3 - transporters | journal = Pflügers Archiv | volume = 447 | issue = 5 | pages = 495–509 | date = February 2004 | pmid = 14722772 | doi = 10.1007/s00424-003-1180-2 }} 9. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Wright EM, Turk E | title = The sodium/glucose cotransport family SLC5 | journal = Pflügers Archiv | volume = 447 | issue = 5 | pages = 510–8 | date = February 2004 | pmid = 12748858 | doi = 10.1007/s00424-003-1063-6 }} 10. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Chen NH, Reith ME, Quick MW | title = Synaptic uptake and beyond: the sodium- and chloride-dependent neurotransmitter transporter family SLC6 | journal = Pflügers Archiv | volume = 447 | issue = 5 | pages = 519–31 | date = February 2004 | pmid = 12719981 | doi = 10.1007/s00424-003-1064-5 }} 11. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Verrey F, Closs EI, Wagner CA, Palacin M, Endou H, Kanai Y | title = CATs and HATs: the SLC7 family of amino acid transporters | journal = Pflügers Archiv | volume = 447 | issue = 5 | pages = 532–42 | date = February 2004 | pmid = 14770310 | doi = 10.1007/s00424-003-1086-z }} 12. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Quednau BD, Nicoll DA, Philipson KD | title = The sodium/calcium exchanger family-SLC8 | journal = Pflügers Archiv | volume = 447 | issue = 5 | pages = 543–8 | date = February 2004 | pmid = 12734757 | doi = 10.1007/s00424-003-1065-4 }} 13. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Orlowski J, Grinstein S | title = Diversity of the mammalian sodium/proton exchanger SLC9 gene family | journal = Pflügers Archiv | volume = 447 | issue = 5 | pages = 549–65 | date = February 2004 | pmid = 12845533 | doi = 10.1007/s00424-003-1110-3 }} 14. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Hagenbuch B, Dawson P | title = The sodium bile salt cotransport family SLC10 | journal = Pflügers Archiv | volume = 447 | issue = 5 | pages = 566–70 | date = February 2004 | pmid = 12851823 | doi = 10.1007/s00424-003-1130-z }} 15. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Mackenzie B, Hediger MA | title = SLC11 family of H+-coupled metal-ion transporters NRAMP1 and DMT1 | journal = Pflügers Archiv | volume = 447 | issue = 5 | pages = 571–9 | date = February 2004 | pmid = 14530973 | doi = 10.1007/s00424-003-1141-9 }} 16. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Hebert SC, Mount DB, Gamba G | title = Molecular physiology of cation-coupled Cl- cotransport: the SLC12 family | journal = Pflügers Archiv | volume = 447 | issue = 5 | pages = 580–93 | date = February 2004 | pmid = 12739168 | doi = 10.1007/s00424-003-1066-3 }} 17. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Markovich D, Murer H | title = The SLC13 gene family of sodium sulphate/carboxylate cotransporters | journal = Pflügers Archiv | volume = 447 | issue = 5 | pages = 594–602 | date = February 2004 | pmid = 12915942 | doi = 10.1007/s00424-003-1128-6 }} 18. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Shayakul C, Hediger MA | title = The SLC14 gene family of urea transporters | journal = Pflügers Archiv | volume = 447 | issue = 5 | pages = 603–9 | date = February 2004 | pmid = 12856182 | doi = 10.1007/s00424-003-1124-x }} 19. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Daniel H, Kottra G | title = The proton oligopeptide cotransporter family SLC15 in physiology and pharmacology | journal = Pflügers Archiv | volume = 447 | issue = 5 | pages = 610–8 | date = February 2004 | pmid = 12905028 | doi = 10.1007/s00424-003-1101-4 }} 20. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Halestrap AP, Meredith D | title = The SLC16 gene family-from monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) to aromatic amino acid transporters and beyond | journal = Pflügers Archiv | volume = 447 | issue = 5 | pages = 619–28 | date = February 2004 | pmid = 12739169 | doi = 10.1007/s00424-003-1067-2 }} 21. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Reimer RJ, Edwards RH | title = Organic anion transport is the primary function of the SLC17/type I phosphate transporter family | journal = Pflügers Archiv | volume = 447 | issue = 5 | pages = 629–35 | date = February 2004 | pmid = 12811560 | doi = 10.1007/s00424-003-1087-y }} 22. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Eiden LE, Schäfer MK, Weihe E, Schütz B | title = The vesicular amine transporter family (SLC18): amine/proton antiporters required for vesicular accumulation and regulated exocytotic secretion of monoamines and acetylcholine | journal = Pflügers Archiv | volume = 447 | issue = 5 | pages = 636–40 | date = February 2004 | pmid = 12827358 | doi = 10.1007/s00424-003-1100-5 }} 23. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Ganapathy V, Smith SB, Prasad PD | title = SLC19: the folate/thiamine transporter family | journal = Pflügers Archiv | volume = 447 | issue = 5 | pages = 641–6 | date = February 2004 | pmid = 14770311 | doi = 10.1007/s00424-003-1068-1 }} 24. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Collins JF, Bai L, Ghishan FK | title = The SLC20 family of proteins: dual functions as sodium-phosphate cotransporters and viral receptors | journal = Pflügers Archiv | volume = 447 | issue = 5 | pages = 647–52 | date = February 2004 | pmid = 12759754 | doi = 10.1007/s00424-003-1088-x }} 25. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Hagenbuch B, Meier PJ | title = Organic anion transporting polypeptides of the OATP/ SLC21 family: phylogenetic classification as OATP/ SLCO superfamily, new nomenclature and molecular/functional properties | journal = Pflügers Archiv | volume = 447 | issue = 5 | pages = 653–65 | date = February 2004 | pmid = 14579113 | doi = 10.1007/s00424-003-1168-y }} 26. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Koepsell H, Endou H | title = The SLC22 drug transporter family | journal = Pflügers Archiv | volume = 447 | issue = 5 | pages = 666–76 | date = February 2004 | pmid = 12883891 | doi = 10.1007/s00424-003-1089-9 }} 27. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Takanaga H, Mackenzie B, Hediger MA | title = Sodium-dependent ascorbic acid transporter family SLC23 | journal = Pflügers Archiv | volume = 447 | issue = 5 | pages = 677–82 | date = February 2004 | pmid = 12845532 | doi = 10.1007/s00424-003-1104-1 }} 28. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Schnetkamp PP | title = The SLC24 Na+/Ca2+-K+ exchanger family: vision and beyond | journal = Pflügers Archiv | volume = 447 | issue = 5 | pages = 683–8 | date = February 2004 | pmid = 14770312 | doi = 10.1007/s00424-003-1069-0 }} 29. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Palmieri F | title = The mitochondrial transporter family (SLC25): physiological and pathological implications | journal = Pflügers Archiv | volume = 447 | issue = 5 | pages = 689–709 | date = February 2004 | pmid = 14598172 | doi = 10.1007/s00424-003-1099-7 }} 30. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Mount DB, Romero MF | title = The SLC26 gene family of multifunctional anion exchangers | journal = Pflügers Archiv | volume = 447 | issue = 5 | pages = 710–21 | date = February 2004 | pmid = 12759755 | doi = 10.1007/s00424-003-1090-3 }} 31. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Stahl A | title = A current review of fatty acid transport proteins (SLC27) | journal = Pflügers Archiv | volume = 447 | issue = 5 | pages = 722–7 | date = February 2004 | pmid = 12856180 | doi = 10.1007/s00424-003-1106-z }} 32. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Gray JH, Owen RP, Giacomini KM | title = The concentrative nucleoside transporter family, SLC28 | journal = Pflügers Archiv | volume = 447 | issue = 5 | pages = 728–34 | date = February 2004 | pmid = 12856181 | doi = 10.1007/s00424-003-1107-y }} 33. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Baldwin SA, Beal PR, Yao SY, King AE, Cass CE, Young JD | title = The equilibrative nucleoside transporter family, SLC29 | journal = Pflügers Archiv | volume = 447 | issue = 5 | pages = 735–43 | date = February 2004 | pmid = 12838422 | doi = 10.1007/s00424-003-1103-2 }} 34. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Palmiter RD, Huang L | title = Efflux and compartmentalization of zinc by members of the SLC30 family of solute carriers | journal = Pflügers Archiv | volume = 447 | issue = 5 | pages = 744–51 | date = February 2004 | pmid = 12748859 | doi = 10.1007/s00424-003-1070-7 }} 35. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Petris MJ | title = The SLC31 (Ctr) copper transporter family | journal = Pflügers Archiv | volume = 447 | issue = 5 | pages = 752–5 | date = February 2004 | pmid = 12827356 | doi = 10.1007/s00424-003-1092-1 }} 36. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Gasnier B | title = The SLC32 transporter, a key protein for the synaptic release of inhibitory amino acids | journal = Pflügers Archiv | volume = 447 | issue = 5 | pages = 756–9 | date = February 2004 | pmid = 12750892 | doi = 10.1007/s00424-003-1091-2 }} 37. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Hirabayashi Y, Kanamori A, Nomura KH, Nomura K | title = The acetyl-CoA transporter family SLC33 | journal = Pflügers Archiv | volume = 447 | issue = 5 | pages = 760–2 | date = February 2004 | pmid = 12739170 | doi = 10.1007/s00424-003-1071-6 }} 38. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Murer H, Forster I, Biber J | title = The sodium phosphate cotransporter family SLC34 | journal = Pflügers Archiv | volume = 447 | issue = 5 | pages = 763–7 | date = February 2004 | pmid = 12750889 | doi = 10.1007/s00424-003-1072-5 }} 39. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Ishida N, Kawakita M | title = Molecular physiology and pathology of the nucleotide sugar transporter family (SLC35) | journal = Pflügers Archiv | volume = 447 | issue = 5 | pages = 768–75 | date = February 2004 | pmid = 12759756 | doi = 10.1007/s00424-003-1093-0 }} 40. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Boll M, Daniel H, Gasnier B | title = The SLC36 family: proton-coupled transporters for the absorption of selected amino acids from extracellular and intracellular proteolysis | journal = Pflügers Archiv | volume = 447 | issue = 5 | pages = 776–9 | date = February 2004 | pmid = 12748860 | doi = 10.1007/s00424-003-1073-4 }} 41. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Bartoloni L, Antonarakis SE | title = The human sugar-phosphate/phosphate exchanger family SLC37 | journal = Pflügers Archiv | volume = 447 | issue = 5 | pages = 780–3 | date = February 2004 | pmid = 12811562 | doi = 10.1007/s00424-003-1105-0 }} 42. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Mackenzie B, Erickson JD | title = Sodium-coupled neutral amino acid (System N/A) transporters of the SLC38 gene family | journal = Pflügers Archiv | volume = 447 | issue = 5 | pages = 784–95 | date = February 2004 | pmid = 12845534 | doi = 10.1007/s00424-003-1117-9 }} 43. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Eide DJ | title = The SLC39 family of metal ion transporters | journal = Pflügers Archiv | volume = 447 | issue = 5 | pages = 796–800 | date = February 2004 | pmid = 12748861 | doi = 10.1007/s00424-003-1074-3 }} 44. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = McKie AT, Barlow DJ | title = The SLC40 basolateral iron transporter family (IREG1/ferroportin/MTP1) | journal = Pflügers Archiv | volume = 447 | issue = 5 | pages = 801–6 | date = February 2004 | pmid = 12836025 | doi = 10.1007/s00424-003-1102-3 }} 45. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Nakhoul NL, Hamm LL | title = Non-erythroid Rh glycoproteins: a putative new family of mammalian ammonium transporters | journal = Pflügers Archiv | volume = 447 | issue = 5 | pages = 807–12 | date = February 2004 | pmid = 12920597 | doi = 10.1007/s00424-003-1142-8 }} 46. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Boron WF | title = Sharpey-Schafer lecture: gas channels | journal = Experimental Physiology | volume = 95 | issue = 12 | pages = 1107–30 | date = December 2010 | pmid = 20851859 | pmc = 3003898 | doi = 10.1113/expphysiol.2010.055244 }} 47. ^1 {{cite journal | vauthors = Perland E, Bagchi S, Klaesson A, Fredriksson R | title = Characteristics of 29 novel putative solute carriers of major facilitator superfamily type: evolutionary conservation, predicted structure and neuronal co-expression | journal = Open Biology | volume = 7 | issue = 9 | pages = 170142 | date = September 2017 | pmid = 28878041 | pmc = 5627054 | doi = 10.1098/rsob.170142 }} 48. ^1 {{cite journal | vauthors = Perland E, Hellsten SV, Lekholm E, Eriksson MM, Arapi V, Fredriksson R | title = The Novel Membrane-Bound Proteins MFSD1 and MFSD3 are Putative SLC Transporters Affected by Altered Nutrient Intake | journal = Journal of Molecular Neuroscience | volume = 61 | issue = 2 | pages = 199–214 | date = February 2017 | pmid = 27981419 | pmc = 5321710 | doi = 10.1007/s12031-016-0867-8 }} 49. ^1 {{cite journal | vauthors = Perland E, Hellsten SV, Schweizer N, Arapi V, Rezayee F, Bushra M, Fredriksson R | title = Structural prediction of two novel human atypical SLC transporters, MFSD4A and MFSD9, and their neuroanatomical distribution in mice | journal = PLOS One | volume = 12 | issue = 10 | pages = e0186325 | date = 2017 | pmid = 29049335 | pmc = 5648162 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0186325 }} 50. ^1 {{cite journal | vauthors = Perland E, Lekholm E, Eriksson MM, Bagchi S, Arapi V, Fredriksson R | title = The Putative SLC Transporters Mfsd5 and Mfsd11 Are Abundantly Expressed in the Mouse Brain and Have a Potential Role in Energy Homeostasis | journal = PLOS One | volume = 11 | issue = 6 | pages = e0156912 | date = 2016 | pmid = 27272503 | pmc = 4896477 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0156912 }} 51. ^1 {{cite journal | vauthors = Lekholm E, Perland E, Eriksson MM, Hellsten SV, Lindberg FA, Rostami J, Fredriksson R | title = Putative Membrane-Bound Transporters MFSD14A and MFSD14B Are Neuronal and Affected by Nutrient Availability | journal = Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience | volume = 10 | pages = 11 | date = 2017 | pmid = 28179877 | pmc = 5263138 | doi = 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00011 }} 52. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Ceder MM, Lekholm E, Hellsten SV, Perland E, Fredriksson R | title = The Neuronal and Peripheral Expressed Membrane-Bound UNC93A Respond to Nutrient Availability in Mice | language = English | journal = Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience | volume = 10 | pages = 351 | date = 2017 | pmid = 29163028 | pmc = 5671512 | doi = 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00351 }} SLC Tables. http://slc.bioparadigms.org External links
4 : Protein families|Solute carrier family|Transport proteins|Transmembrane proteins |
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