“Sonnet 68”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条 Sonnet 68

释义

Structure
Notes
Further reading

{{Sonnet|68|Sonnet 68 1609.jpg|Sonnet 68 in the 1609 Quarto|

Thus is his cheek the map of days outworn,

When beauty liv’d and died as flowers do now,

Before these bastard signs of fair were born,

Or durst inhabit on a living brow;

Before the golden tresses of the dead,

The right of sepulchres, were shorn away,

To live a second life on second head;

Ere beauty’s dead fleece made another gay:

In him those holy antique hours are seen,

Without all ornament itself and true,

Making no summer of another’s green,

Robbing no old to dress his beauty new;

And him as for a map doth Nature store,

To show false Art what beauty was of yore.

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Sonnet 68 is one of 154 sonnets written by the English playwright and poet William Shakespeare. It is a member of the Fair Youth sequence, in which the poet expresses his love towards a young man.

Structure

Sonnet 68 is an English or Shakespearean sonnet. The English sonnet has three quatrains, followed by a final rhyming couplet. It follows the typical rhyme scheme of the form, abab cdcd efef gg and is composed in iambic pentameter, a type of poetic metre based on five pairs of metrically weak/strong syllabic positions. The second line exemplifies a regular iambic pentameter:

  ×   /   ×  /    ×    /   ×    /      ×  / When beauty lived and died as flowers do now, (68.2)

/ = ictus, a metrically strong syllabic position. × = nonictus.

The scansion of the eighth line is ambivalent. Normally the words "dead fleece" would have the stress of "dead" subordinated to that of "fleece", allowing them comfortably to fill × / positions, not / ×. However, if accent is placed on "dead", a regular scansion emerges:

×    /   ×    /     ×     /   × /  ×   / Ere beauty's dead fleece made another gay: (68.8)

Alternatively, "fleece" can maintain the greater stress, suggesting this scansion:

×    /   ×    /     /     ×   × /  ×   / Ere beauty's dead fleece made another gay: (68.8)

A reversal of the third ictus (as shown above) is normally preceded by at least a slight intonational break, which "dead fleece" does not allow. Peter Groves calls this a "harsh mapping", and recommends that in performance "the best thing to do is to prolong the subordinated S-syllable [here, "dead"] ... the effect of this is to throw a degree of emphasis on it".^[2]

Notes

1. ^{{cite book |title=The Works of Shakespeare: Sonnets |editor-first=C[harles] Knox |editor-last=Pooler |series=The Arden Shakespeare [1st series] |location=London |publisher=Methuen & Company |date=1918 |url=https://archive.org/details/sonnetseditedbyc00shakuoft |oclc=4770201}}
2. ^Groves 2013, pp 42-43.

Structure

Notes

Further reading