| 词条 | Adapiformes |
| 释义 |
| taxon = Adapiformes | authority = Hoffstetter, 1977 | fossil_range = Eocene - Miocene | image = Notharctus_tenebrosus_AMNH.jpg | image_caption = Notharctus tenebrosus | subdivision_ranks = Families | subdivision = {{plainlist|
|synonyms=Strepsirrhini}} Adapiformes is an group of early primates. Adapiforms radiated throughout much of the northern continental mass (now Europe, Asia and North America), reaching as far south as northern Africa and tropical Asia. They existed from the Eocene to the Miocene epoch. Some adapiforms looked similar to living lemurs. Adapiforms are known from the fossil record only, and it is unclear whether they form a monophyletic or paraphyletic group. When assumed to be a clade, they are usually grouped under the "wet-nosed" taxon Strepsirrhini, which would make them more closely related to the lemurs and less so to the "dry-nosed" Haplorhini taxon that includes monkeys and apes.[3] In 2009, Franzen and colleagues placed the newly described genus Darwinius in the "Adapoidea group of early primates representative of early haplorhine diversification" so that, according to these authors, the adapiforms would not be within the Strepsirrhini lineage as hitherto assumed but qualify as a stem "missing link" between Strepsirrhini and Haplorrhini.[4] However, subsequent analysis on the Darwinius fossil by Erik Seiffert and colleagues rejects this "missing link" idea, classifying Darwinius and other adapiforms within the Strepsirrhini.[5] Boyer et al. found that the crown Strepsirrhini likely emerged deep in the Adapiformes tree, possibly as sister of a group which include e.g. Aframonius and Notharctidae.[6] The Adapiformes are thus found not to be literally extinct (in the sense of having no living descendants), and becomes a junior synonym to the Strepsirrhini. Below is a simplified cladogram. {{Clade | style=font-size:75%;line-height:75%| label1=Primates | 1={{Clade |1=Haplorrhini |label2=Strepsirrhini/ |sublabel2=Adapiformes |2={{clade |1=Donrussellia Provincialis |2={{clade |state1=double |1= |2=Crown Strepsirrhini }}}}}}}} A 2018 study puts Donrussellia as sister to crown primates.[7] Classification{{see also|List of fossil primates#Adapoidea|label 1=List of fossil primates}}Adapiforms belong to the infraorder Adapiformes, which contains a single superfamily, Adapoidea.{{Sfn|Fleagle|2013|p=415}} The group also is sometimes treated as a superfamily (Adapoidea) alongside the other living strepsirrhine superfamilies, Lemuroidea (lemurs) and Lorisoidea (lorises and galagos).{{Sfn|Rose|2009|p=286}}
Rose (1995) suggests that early adapiformes and omoyiformes shared a common ancestor dating to the Thanetian epoch.[8] References1. ^{{cite journal| doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.06.006 |pmid = 27650579| volume=99 | title=New euprimate postcrania from the early Eocene of Gujarat, India, and the strepsirrhine–haplorhine divergence | year=2016 | journal=Journal of Human Evolution | pages=25–51 | last1 = Dunn | first1 = Rachel H.}} 2. ^[https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/08/160815134827.htm Twenty-five little bones tell a puzzling story about early primate evolution] 3. ^Callum Ross, Richard F. Kay, Anthropoid origins: new visions, Springer, 2004, {{ISBN|978-0-306-48120-8}}, p. 100 4. ^{{cite journal |last=Franzen |first=Jens L. |authorlink= |year=2009 |month= |title=Complete Primate Skeleton from the Middle Eocene of Messel in Germany: Morphology and Paleobiology |journal=PLoS ONE |volume=4 |issue=5 |pages=e5723 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0005723 |quote= |pmid=19492084 |pmc=2683573 |bibcode=2009PLoSO...4.5723F |editor1-last=Hawks |editor1-first=John|display-authors=etal}} 5. ^{{cite web|title=Primate fossil called only a distant relative|author=Ritter, M.|url=https://www.usnews.com/science/articles/2009/10/21/primate-fossil-called-only-a-distant-relative|publisher=Associated Press|date=October 21, 2009|accessdate=2012-01-12}} 6. ^{{Cite journal|last=Boyer|first=Doug M.|last2=Maiolino|first2=Stephanie A.|last3=Holroyd|first3=Patricia A.|last4=Morse|first4=Paul E.|last5=Bloch|first5=Jonathan I.|date=2018-09-01|title=Oldest evidence for grooming claws in euprimates|journal=Journal of Human Evolution|volume=122|pages=1–22|doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.03.010|pmid=29935935|issn=0047-2484}} 7. ^{{Cite journal|last=Holroyd|first=Patricia A.|last2=Silcox|first2=Mary T.|last3=López-Torres|first3=Sergi|date=2018-09-22|title=New omomyoids (Euprimates, Mammalia) from the late Uintan of southern California, USA, and the question of the extinction of the Paromomyidae (Plesiadapiformes, Primates)|journal=Palaeontologia Electronica|language=English|volume=21|issue=3|pages=1–28|doi=10.26879/756|issn=1094-8074}} 8. ^{{cite book|editor1-last=Ross |editor1-first=Callum |editor2-last=Kay |editor2-first=Richard F |title=Anthropoid Origins: New Visions |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |year=2004 |page=713|isbn=978-1461347002}} Sources{{refbegin}}
External links
5 : Prehistoric strepsirrhines|Eocene first appearances|Miocene extinctions|Fossil taxa described in 1977|Taxa named by Robert Hoffstetter |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。