| 词条 | Sounder (film) |
| 释义 |
| name = Sounder | image = Original movie poster for the film Sounder.jpg{{!}}220px | border = yes | caption = Original poster | director = Martin Ritt | producer = Robert B. Radnitz | screenplay = Lonne Elder III | based on = {{based on|Sounder|William H. Armstrong}} | starring = Cicely Tyson Paul Winfield Kevin Hooks Carmen Matthews Taj Mahal | music = Taj Mahal | cinematography = John A. Alonzo | editing = Sid Levin | studio = Radnitz/Mattel Productions, Inc. | distributor = 20th Century Fox[1] | released = {{Film date|1972|9|24}} | runtime = 105 minutes | country = United States | language = English | budget = $1.9 million[2] | gross = $16.9 million[3] }}Sounder is a 1972 American DeLuxe Color drama film in Panavision directed by Martin Ritt, and starring Cicely Tyson, Paul Winfield, and Kevin Hooks.[4] The film was adapted by Lonne Elder III from the 1970 Newbery Medal-winning novel Sounder by William H. Armstrong.[5] PlotIn 1933 Louisiana, the Morgans (Cicely Tyson, Paul Winfield, Kevin Hooks), a loving and strong family of black sharecroppers, face a serious family crisis in the midst of the Great Depression. Nathan Morgan tries to teach his son David to be a man and survive in difficult times with their dog, Sounder. But Nathan is imprisoned for a year after stealing a ham to feed his starving family. On his way to visit his father, David discovers a school. A kindly but firm teacher named Camille takes him in and teaches him about important African-American figures in history. David becomes desperate to go to school, but when his father is released a maimed man, David must choose between an education that can give him a better life or staying home to support his father. Cast{{Div col}}
ProductionWhile the book centers on the family’s concern for the dog, screenwriter Lonne Elder III stated that he preferred to focus on the family’s daily survival. He noted that he at first refused the assignment, but producer Robert B. Radnitz and director Martin Ritt convinced him to work with them, saying, "I wanted to keep Sounder accurate in its historical context, and not go off on any present-day fantasies."[6] A notable aspect of casting in the film is that the minister is played by an actual minister and the judge is played by an actual judge. SoundtrackTaj Mahal recorded a soundtrack to the film, released in 1972 by Columbia Records. According to music journalist Robert Christgau, it was "the first soundtrack ever patterned after a field recording", featuring a "suite/montage/succession of hums, moans, claps, and plucked fragments", all performed in the key of the gospel blues song "Needed Time" by Lightnin' Hopkins. Fellow critic Greil Marcus regarded it as Mahal's "most eloquent music", although Christgau said "even Greil doesn't know anybody who agrees. I've always regarded field recordings as study aids myself." He gave the soundtrack album a C-plus in Rock Albums of the Seventies (1981).[7] Critical receptionSounder received warm reviews, and was praised as a welcome antidote to the contemporaneous wave of black films, most of which were considered low quality, low budget and exploitative. The film’s depiction of a loving family was hailed as a banner accomplishment for black filmmakers and audiences. Film magazine Variety wrote that the picture had been "for good or ill, singled out to test whether the black audience will respond to serious films about the black experience rather than the 'super black' exploitation features."[6]Some of Sounder's success was due to its innovative marketing strategy. Fox focused on group sales in major cities and targeted religious organizations and schools. Radnitz personally visited thirty-five cities and held over 500 screenings, with sixty simultaneous sneak previews held in New York City. The religious establishment came out in favor of the film, with an endorsement by the Catholic Film Office and a study guide for religious educators created by the National Council of Churches. The Variety article noted that Fox also wrote a study guide, prepared by Dr. Roscoe Brown, Jr., director of Afro-American Affairs at New York University. Fox spent over $1 million on promoting the film, according to Variety.[6] Based on sixteen reviews, Sounder holds an 88% "Fresh" score (and an average of 7.7/10) on Rotten Tomatoes.[8] In his Family Guide to Movies on Video, Henry Herx wrote: "[Sounder] captures the humanity of [its] characters and a fine, distanced sense of its sleepy Southern locale. The movie earns a deep emotional response from its audience because its [appealing] story and characters are believable. Not only a valid examination of the black experience in America, it is also a fine family experience." He added that the boy's search for his father "provides additional drama".[9] Film critic Roger Ebert gave the film four stars out of four, stating that "...This is a film for the family to see". Both Siskel and Ebert placed the film on their ten best list of 1972.[10] Box officeDespite popular skepticism that the film would not be a financial success, and the belief that "the black film market is exclusively an action and exploitation market", the picture was a major box-office hit.[6] Made for less than $1 million, Sounder grossed just under $17 million, earning $9 million in US theatrical rentals in 1973.[11] It was the 15th highest-grossing film of 1972. SequelA sequel, Part 2, Sounder, was released in 1976. Academy Awards
Television versionIn 2003, ABC's Wonderful World of Disney aired a new film adaptation, reuniting two actors from the original: Kevin Hooks (who played the son) directed, and Paul Winfield (who played the father) played the role of the teacher. DistributionWhen Sounder was released in theaters, the film was produced and distributed by Twentieth Century Fox. Years later, when the film was released on VHS, Paramount Home Video assumed distribution rights. Sterling Entertainment currently has DVD distribution rights. Walt Disney Home Video has released the 2003 made-for-television film on DVD. See also
References1. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JmZ_cwPXn78C&pg=PA231&dq=Radnitz/Mattel&hl=en|last=Miller|first=Gabriel|title=The Films of Martin Ritt: Fanfare for the Common Man|chapter=Notes|page=231|isbn=1-57806-277-2|year=2000|accessdate=June 16, 2011|publisher=University Press of Mississippi}} 2. ^Solomon, Aubrey. Twentieth Century Fox: A Corporate and Financial History (The Scarecrow Filmmakers Series). Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, 1989. {{ISBN|978-0-8108-4244-1}}. p257 3. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1972/0SNDE.php|publisher=The Numbers|title=Sounder, Box Office Information|accessdate=January 21, 2012}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=https://movies.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9803EFD6133FE73ABC4D51DFBF668389669EDE|title=Sounder (1972) Screen: 'Sounder' Opens: Story of a Negro Boy in Louisiana of 1930's|work=The New York Times|author=Roger Greenspun|date=1972-09-25}} 5. ^Robert Radnitz--Unlikely Avis to Disney's HertzALJEAN HARMETZ. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 18 Mar 1973: o1. 6. ^1 2 3 "Sounder". American Film Institute. Retrieved March 1, 2014. 7. ^{{cite book|last=Christgau|first=Robert|authorlink=Robert Christgau|year=1981|title=Rock Albums of the Seventies|publisher=Ticknor & Fields|isbn=089919026X|chapter=Consumer Guide '70s: M|chapter-url=https://www.robertchristgau.com/get_chap.php?k=M&bk=70|accessdate=March 2, 2019|via=robertchristgau.com}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/sounder/|title=Reviews for Sounder|accessdate=August 7, 2011|work=Rotten Tomatoes|publisher=Flixster}} 9. ^{{cite book | chapter=Sounder | title=The Family Guide to Movies on Video | publisher=The Crossroad Publishing Company | last=Herx | first=Henry | authorlink=Henry Herx | year=1988 | page=251 (pre-release version) | isbn=0-8245-0816-5}} 10. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.innermind.com/misc/s_e_top.htm#SE1972 |title=Siskel and Ebert Top Ten Lists (1969–1998) |work=The Inner Mind |date=3 May 2012 |accessdate=2016-05-30 }} 11. ^"Big Rental Films of 1973", Variety, 9 January 1974, p. 19. 12. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1935 |title=The 45th Academy Awards (1972) Nominees and Winners|accessdate=2014-03-01|work=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences}} External links
16 : 1972 films|1970s coming-of-age films|1970s drama films|20th Century Fox films|African-American films|American films|American coming-of-age films|American drama films|English-language films|Films based on children's books|Films based on American novels|Films directed by Martin Ritt|Films set in Louisiana|Films set in the 1930s|Films shot in Louisiana|Great Depression films |
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