“South Coast Air Quality Management District”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The South Coast Air Quality Management District, also using the acronym SCAQMD, formed in 1976, is the air pollution agency responsible for regulating stationary sources of air pollution in the South Coast Air Basin, in Southern California. The separate California Air Resources Board is responsible for regulating mobile sources (e.g. vehicles) in the air basin.

Basin geography

The SCAQMD includes all of Orange County; and the non-desert regions of Los Angeles and Los Angeles County, San Bernardino County, and Riverside County.

The South Coast Air Basin area encompassed by the SCAQMD amounts to about 10,750 square miles (27,850 square kilometres) and is the second most populated area in the United States. This area has a severe problem with smog, and the SCAQMD has been a leader in the nation's efforts to reduce air pollution emissions. The main office of the SCAQMD is located in the city of Diamond Bar.

Operations

The SCAQMD develops, adopts and implements an Air Quality Management Plan for bringing the area into compliance with the clean air standards established by national and state governmental legislation.

Air quality and permissible air pollutant emission "rules" are promulgated to reduce emissions from various sources, including specific types of equipment, industrial processes, paints, solvents and certain consumer products. Permits are issued to the pertinent industries and businesses to enforce compliance with the air quality and emission rules, and SCAQMD staff conducts periodic inspections to ensure such compliance.

The SCAQMD's rules apply to businesses ranging from large oil refineries and power plants to gasoline (petrol) fueling stations and dry cleaning plants. There are about 30,000 such businesses operating under SCAQMD permits. In general, the SCAQMD is limited to establishing rules for regulating stationary sources. Emission standards for mobile sources (automobiles, trucks, buses, railroads, airplanes and marine vessels) are established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the California Air Resources Board.

Air quality monitoring network

The SCAQMD also operates an extensive network of air quality monitoring stations (about 40 stations) and issues daily air quality forecasts. The forecasts are made available to the public through newspapers, television, radio, faxed messages to schools, the SCAQMD's internet website, and a toll-free Smog Update telephone line.^[1]^[2]

Air quality and air pollution dispersion modeling

The air quality modeling activities of the SCAQMD are one of the functions of the Planning, Rule Development and Area Sources section. That section is also responsible for oversight and commenting upon air pollution dispersion modeling^[3] studies performed as part of any environmental impact studies that may be reviewed by or requested by the SCAQMD. The models that may be utilized include:^[4]

Governing board

The SCAQMD has a Governing Board of 13 members. Nine of the members are county supervisors and city council members. The remaining three are appointed by California state officials. Current members of the Governing Board include^[5]:

The representative for Orange County cities is chosen by the 34 members of the Orange County City Selection Committee.^[6] Appointment requires both a majority vote of the committee and a majority vote when weighted by population.^[7] In November 2015, Republicans blocked reappointment of Santa Ana Mayor Miguel Pulido, a Democrat, to the board, voting to replace him with Republican Lake Forest Councilman Dwight Robinson.^[7]

Administration

The chief Executive Officer of the SCAQMD reports to the Governing Board. The following departments report to the Executive Officer:

Administrative departments

Operational departments

Funding for the SCAQMD

The AQMD utilizes a system of evaluation fees, annual operating fees, emission fees, Hearing Board fees, penalties/ settlements and investments that generate around 73% of AQMD’s revenue. The remaining 27% of its revenue is from federal grants, California Air Resources (CARB) subvention funds, and California Clean Air Act Motor Vehicle fees.

See also

References

1. ^SCAQMD Air Quality Monitoring and Forecast Map {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927062233/http://www.aqmd.gov/map/MapAQMD2.pdf |date=2007-09-27 }}
2. ^Monitoring, AQI, Standards & Notification, The South Coast Perspective Joe Cassmassi, Senior Meteorologist, SCAQMD, April 2004
3. ^{{cite book|author=Beychok, M.R.|title=Fundamentals Of Stack Gas Dispersion|edition=4th|publisher=author-published|year=2005|isbn=0-9644588-0-2}}
4. ^Air Quality Modeling
5. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.aqmd.gov/nav/about/governing-board/board-members|title=Board Members|website=www.aqmd.gov|access-date=2019-01-15}}
6. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.ocregister.com/articles/meeting-645912-county-committee.html|title=Cities violated open-meeting laws, county charges|last=Sforza|first=Teri|date=December 22, 2014|website=|publisher=Orange County Register|language=en-US|access-date=September 11, 2016}}
7. ^¹{{Cite web|url=http://voiceofoc.org/2015/11/republicans-succeed-in-kicking-santa-ana-mayor-off-air-quality-board/|title=Republicans Succeed in Kicking Santa Ana Mayor Off Air Quality Board|last=Gerda|first=Nick|date=November 6, 2015|website=|publisher=Voice of OC|access-date=September 11, 2016}}

External links