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词条 Southeast San Diego
释义

  1. Geography

  2. Political boundaries

     Neighborhoods 

  3. Transportation

      Trains    Light rail    Highways  

  4. Demographics

  5. Image

  6. Landmarks

  7. Education

     Elementary schools  Middle and junior high schools  Senior high schools  Atypical and other charter schools 

  8. People from Southeast San Diego

     Artists  Athletes  Criminals  Musical and performance artists  Political figures  Distinguished military veterans 

  9. See also

  10. References

  11. Further reading

  12. External links

As a geographic area, Southeast San Diego refers generally to the southeastern-most portion of the City of San Diego, and refers to those neighborhoods south of State Route 94 (Martin Luther King Jr. Freeway) and east of Downtown San Diego. There are three official community planning areas: Skyline-Paradise Hills, Encanto Neighborhoods, and Southeastern.

Largely urbanized in the areas nearer Downtown San Diego to the west[1] and characteristically hilly, with lower-density residential and semi-rural neighborhoods toward the east, it is economically and ethnically diverse.

In 1992, Councilman George Stevens campaigned against any official usage of the name "Southeast San Diego," since the designation had long been viewed as shorthand for the community as being a crime-ridden and impoverished. His campaign was successful and all official use of "Southeast San Diego" has been discontinued by the city.[2] Many residents and locals however, still refer to the area as "Southeast."

Geography

Historically, Southeast San Diego had been represented as the communities directly east of the downtown area which lies south of State Route 94 Martin Luther King Jr. Freeway, west of California State Route 125, east of Interstate 5, north of California State Route 54 and sharing its borders with surrounding cities of San Diego County National City to the south, Lemon Grove to the northeast, and Spring Valley to the east.[1]

Political boundaries

The areas southeast of downtown San Diego include portions of Council Districts 4, 8 and 9 (Encanto Neighborhoods, Skyline-Paradise Hills, and Southeastern respectively).

Neighborhoods

Skyline-Paradise Hills Planning Area[4]{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
  • Skyline
  • Paradise Hills
  • South Bay Terraces
  • North Bay Terraces
  • Lomita
  • Jamacha
{{div col end}}Southeastern Planning Area[3]{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
  • Sherman Heights
  • Logan Heights
  • Grant Hill
  • Memorial
  • Stockton
  • Mount Hope
  • Mountain View
  • Southcrest
  • Shelltown
{{div col end}}Encanto Neighborhoods Planning Area[4]{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
  • Oak Park
  • Emerald Hills
  • Chollas View
  • Lincoln Park
  • Alta Vista
  • Valencia Park
  • O'Farrell (formerly South Encanto)
  • Encanto (formerly North Encanto)
  • Broadway Heights
{{div col end}}

Transportation

Trains

Light rail

  • San Diego Trolley: {{color box|blue}} Blue Line
    • Barrio Logan
    • Harborside
    • Pacific Fleet (NS San Diego at 32nd Street)
  • San Diego Trolley: {{color box|#FFA500}} Orange Line
    • Massachusetts Avenue (Lemon Grove)
    • Encanto/62nd Street
    • Euclid Avenue
    • 47th Street
    • 32nd & Commercial
    • 25th & Commercial

Highways

  • Interstate 5
  • Interstate 15
  • Interstate 805
  • State Route 54
  • State Route 94

Demographics

Southeast San Diego is widely viewed as one of the most diverse areas in the city, inhabited most visibly by Latinos, African-Americans, and Filipinos. Estimates based on the neighborhoods spanning the 92102, 92113, 92114, and 92139 ZIP codes of Southeast San Diego put the population at roughly 195,000 people over an area of {{convert|21.2|sqmi|km2}}, placing the area's population density at 9,285.7/sq mi (3,565.5/km²).[5][6][7][8]

The area of Barrio Logan, for example, had been first settled by Mexicans arriving in the 1890s, followed soon after by refugees fleeing the violence of the Mexican Revolution and the poor Mexican economy between 1910 and 1920.[9] Barrio Logan is predominantly Latino and is home to Chicano Park.

Prior to "white flight" in the 1960s and early 1970s, many neighborhoods in Southeast San Diego were subject to discriminatory restrictive covenants, a problem faced by African-Americans like former Councilman and Deputy Mayor George Stevens, who was denied the opportunity to purchase a house in the Skyline Hills from a white realtor.[2] Presently, much of the Skyline Hills, as well as other Encanto neighborhoods such as Emerald Hills, Lincoln Park, Mountain View, O'Farrell, South Encanto, and Valencia Park, have a substantial African-American population.

With the great influx of Filipino immigrants joining the United States Navy,[10] especially from the Vietnam War era on to the 1990s, many Filipinos inhabited the Southeast San Diego neighborhoods of Alta Vista, Bay Terraces, Paradise Hills, Shelltown, Skyline Hills, and Valencia Park, both for the relatively affordable housing prices and its close proximity to Naval Base San Diego.[11] During the 1980s, in the interest of urban renewal, an unused tract of land (formerly a canyon) between the Skyline and Paradise Hills neighborhoods underwent development. This tract would eventually become Bay Terraces. The notion of a new subdivision built directly triangulated in what were already considered high-crime areas repelled the great majority of home-buyers. The homes were also priced out of the range of typical residents of the area and most went unsold or, in some cases, unbuilt. Federal subsidies and economic programs were then employed to assist in completing and populating the subdivision. As a result, military personnel, Filipino immigrants with military ties, and low-income families were able to secure loans to buy the new homes in the area. The federally funded recovery project was only marginally successful, however, as several large portions of the development stood partially constructed and abandoned for nearly twenty years, the most noticeable example at the intersection of Skyline Dr. and Woodman Ave.{{Citation needed|date=July 2011}}

Additionally, enlisted military personnel (ranks E-1 to E-6) and their families occupy the Bayview Hills, a sprawling military housing complex operated by Lincoln Military Housing. This community of townhouse-style homes occupy a significant tract north of Paradise Hills adjacent to National City.[12]

Demographics from Samuel F. B. Morse High School in the Skyline neighborhood alone provides a snapshot sample of the area's diversity with the school's 3,000 students characterized by a slim plurality of the students as Filipino (35%), followed by Hispanic-Latino (34%), Black (21%), and non-Hispanic White (4.0%).[13] The latter statistic is most telling considering that as of 2000, US Census data indicates that non-Hispanic Whites alone represent 49.36% of the population of the City of San Diego.[14] Additionally, roughly 63% of the student body is eligible for Free or Reduced-Price Lunch,[15] a figure that reflects the working-class nature of the area.

Image

Southeast San Diego had long struggled with an image problem plagued by street gangs, drug dealing, assaults, and homicide throughout its communities.[16] In 1992, Councilman George Stevens campaigned against any official designation of the area as "Southeast San Diego" since the name labeled the area in an entirely negative light.[2]

The San Diego Police Department's Southeastern Division includes some of the city's peak crime areas including the neighborhoods of Encanto, Paradise Hills, Lincoln Park, Chollas View, Skyline, Shelltown, and Southcrest.[16] Many of the inhabitants in these neighborhoods are working class or lower-income, and a typical sight that is evident throughout Southeast San Diego are homes outfitted with iron bars over the ground-floor windows and doors, and in many cases, cast-iron gates and chain-link fences guarding driveways, a reflection of the perceived need for security in these high-crime urban neighborhoods.[16]

Although crime has gone down citywide, shootings are still a regular occurrence throughout Southeast San Diego, and the area routinely has a disproportionate number of homicides in relation to the rest of the city.[17] Additionally, many crimes in the area are not reported to the police[17] which makes it difficult to give a completely accurate assessment on crime statistics in Southeast San Diego. Over the last few years, statistics from the San Diego Police Department show that about half of all homicides in the whole city had been accounted for in southeastern San Diego neighborhoods (covered by both the Central and Southeastern Districts), a substantial figure considering Southeast San Diego's relatively small geographic size and population in relation to the rest of the city.[18] For example, in 2004, of the 62 homicides in the City of San Diego, 32 of them (roughly 16.4 murders per 100,000 residents or three times the national average of 5.5 murders per 100,000 for that year)[19] had been accounted for in sixteen southeastern San Diego neighborhoods, from Barrio Logan to Lomita Village.[20] In comparison, the northern San Diego suburb of Mira Mesa, which covers a substantial geographical area sizeable to Southeast San Diego's, {{convert|21.4|sqmi|km2|sigfig=2}} to Southeast San Diego's {{convert|21.2|sqmi|km2|sigfig=2}},[21][22][23] had no homicides for that year.[20]

The rash of violence in Southeast San Diego had been met with community outrage over the years and prompted a series of anti-violence marches and rallies. More recently in 2005, as a response to the spike in violence in the area, hundreds of middle school students took part in an anti-violence rally from the Lincoln Park area to Gompers Park in Chollas View, echoing chants of "Peace in Southeast" as they marched.[24]

In 2010, the Southeast San Diego neighborhoods of Logan Heights and Lincoln Park were featured on The History Channel's Gangland television series.[25][26] The show documented the Logan Heights Gang in the Season 6 episode titled "The Assassins," which first aired on February 19, 2010.[27] Less than three months later, the Lincoln Park Bloods were featured on the Season 7 episode titled, "Vendetta of Blood" which first aired on May 14, 2010.[28]

Landmarks

  • Chicano Park (Barrio Logan)
  • Coronado Bridge (Barrio Logan)
  • Elementary Institute of Science (Emerald Hills)
  • Malcolm X Library and Performing Arts Center (Valencia Park)
  • Terra Nova Garden at Morse High School (Skyline Hills)
  • Tubman-Chavez Multicultural Center (Valencia Park)
  • Walls of Excellence (Lincoln Park)
  • Writerz Blok (Chollas View)

Education

The San Diego Unified School District oversees all public elementary, middle, junior and senior high schools in Southeast San Diego.[29]

Elementary schools

{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
  • Audubon Elementary
  • Balboa Elementary
  • Baker Elementary
  • Bethune Elementary
  • Boone Elementary
  • Burbank Elementary
  • Cesar Chavez Elementary
  • Daniel Boone Elementary
  • Emerson/Bandini Elementary
  • Encanto Elementary
  • Freese Elementary
  • Fulton Elementary
  • Horton Elementary
  • Johnson Elementary
  • John F. Kennedy Elementary
  • Pacific view Elementary
  • Logan Elementary
  • Mt. Erie Christian Academy (Private)
  • Nye Elementary
  • Oliver Hazard Perry Elementary
  • Paradise Hills Elementary
  • Penn Elementary
  • Perkins Elementary
  • Porter Elementary
  • Rodriguez Elementary
  • Valencia Park Elementary
  • Webster Elementary
  • Zamorano Elementary
{{div col end}}

Middle and junior high schools

  • Bell Junior High School
  • Knox Elementary
  • Keiller Leadership Academy (Middle School)
  • KIPP Adelante Preparatory Academy (Middle School)
  • Memorial Academy of Learning and Technology (Middle School)
  • Millennial Tech Middle School

Senior high schools

The Southeast San Diego area is served primarily by three urban senior high schools.

  • Abraham Lincoln High School
  • Samuel F. B. Morse High School
  • San Diego High School (in Downtown San Diego)

Through the District's Voluntary Enrollment Exchange Program (VEEP), students from the Southeast San Diego community may be bused to high schools in San Diego's more affluent northern suburban neighborhoods,[30] namely Mira Mesa High School, Mission Bay High School, Scripps Ranch High School, Serra High School, and University City High School.[31]

Atypical and other charter schools

  • Gompers Preparatory Academy (grades 6-12)
  • Holly Drive Leadership
  • King/Chavez Preparatory Academy
  • Marcy School
  • Nubia Leadership Academy
  • O'Farrell Community School
  • San Diego School of Creative and Performing Arts
  • Twain High School (Morse Campus)

People from Southeast San Diego

Artists

  • Yolanda M. Lopez, artist (Logan Heights)
  • Salvador Torres, artist and muralist, Chicano Park (Barrio Logan)[32]

Athletes

  • Eric Allen, football, (Southcrest, O'Farrell Junior High School)[33]
  • Marcus Allen, football, 1981 Heisman Trophy winner (Lincoln High School)[34]
  • Archie Amerson, football (Morse high school) CFL.
  • Tommy Bennett, football (Morse High School)
  • Quintin Berry, baseball (Morse High School)
  • Marcus Brady, football (Morse High School)
  • Reggie Bush, football, 2005 Heisman Trophy winner (Skyline Hills)[35]
  • Rashard Cook, football (Morse High School)
  • Terrell Davis, football (Morse and Lincoln High School)[36]
  • Tony Drake, pro wrestling[37]
  • David Dunn, football (Morse High School)
  • Lonnie Ford, football (Morse High School)
  • LaRoi Glover, football
  • Monique Henderson, track and field, 2004 and 2008 Olympic Gold Medalist, 4 × 400 m relay (Morse High School)[38][39]
  • Wally Henry, football (Lincoln High School) NFL Pro Bowler Philadelphia Eagles
  • Sam Horn, baseball (Morse High School)[48][49][40]
  • Adam Jones, baseball (Morse High School)[41]
  • Jacque Jones, baseball (San Diego High School)
  • Lincoln Kennedy, football (Skyline Hills, Morse High School)
  • Cliff Levingston, basketball (Morse High School)[42] (Keith MaGee), football, basketball, baseball. (Morse High School)
  • Dominic McGuire, basketball (Lincoln High School)
  • Mark McLemore, baseball (Morse High School)[43][44]
  • Keith Mitchell, baseball (Lincoln High School) Seattle Mariners, cousin of Kevin Mitchell
  • Kevin Mitchell, baseball (Mountain View), cousin of Keith Mitchell
  • Archie Moore, boxing (Stockton)
  • Arnie Robinson, track and field, 1972 Olympic Bronze Medalist and 1976 Olympic Gold Medalist, long jump (Morse High School)[45]
  • Rashaan Salaam, football, 1994 Heisman Trophy winner[46]
  • Akili Smith, football (Lincoln High School)
  • Marcus Smith, football (Morse High School)

Criminals

  • David Barron, Mexican Mafia figure and enforcer for the Tijuana Cartel (Logan Heights)

Musical and performance artists

  • Nick Cannon, rapper, actor, comedian (Grant Hill and Lincoln Park)[47][48]
  • Andra Day, singer (Valencia Park and San Diego School of Creative and Performing Arts)[49]
  • Jayo Felony, rapper (Chollas View, Gompers Secondary High School)
  • Lecrae, rapper (Skyline Hills)[50]
  • Ananda Lewis, model, television personality (San Diego School of Creative and Performing Arts)
  • Faizon Love, actor (Emerald Hills)
  • Mitchy Slick, rapper (Lincoln Park, Lincoln High School)
  • Members of the rock band My American Heart (Morse High School)
  • Rafael Reyes, creator of the Cholo Goth genre (Grant Hill)
  • Tiny Doo, rapper (Lincoln Park)

Political figures

  • Shirley Horton, California Assemblywoman and former Mayor of Chula Vista (Paradise Hills, O'Farrell Junior High School)[51]
  • Fabian Núñez, former Speaker of the California State Assembly (Logan Heights, San Diego High School)[52]
  • Tony Young, former San Diego City Council member (Morse High School)

Distinguished military veterans

  • Marine Sergeant Rafael Peralta, USMC, casualty Iraq War (Morse High School)[53]

See also

  • The People's Produce Project

References

1. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.sandiego.gov/planning/community/profiles/southeasternsd/index.shtml|title=Southeastern San Diego Community Profile|accessdate=2007-11-17}}
2. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20061017/news_1n17stevens.html|title=George Stevens 1932–2006 11 years a councilman, always a fighter|accessdate=2007-11-17}}
3. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.sandiego.gov/neighborhoods-map/southeast.shtml |title=City of San Diego Southeastern Map |accessdate=2007-11-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071031032951/http://www.sandiego.gov/neighborhoods-map/southeast.shtml |archivedate=2007-10-31 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
4. ^http://www.sandiego.gov/planning/community/profiles/encanto/index.shtml
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.city-data.com/zips/92102.html|title=92102 Zip Code Detailed Profile|accessdate=2007-11-22}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.city-data.com/zips/92113.html|title=92113 Zip Code Detailed Profile|accessdate=2007-11-22}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.city-data.com/zips/92114.html|title=92114 Zip Code Detailed Profile|accessdate=2007-11-22}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.city-data.com/zips/92139.html|title=92139 Zip Code Detailed Profile|accessdate=2007-11-22}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/local/logan/barrio.com/index.html|title=Barrio Logan|accessdate=2007-11-17}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sandiegohistory.org/journal/76summer/migrants.htm|title=Journal of San Diego History|accessdate=2007-11-17}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sandiegoreader.com/news/2007/may/03/their-own-paradise/|title=San Diego Reader - Their Own Paradise|accessdate=2011-07-23}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.lincolnmilitary.com/sandiego/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=62&Itemid=63|title=Lincoln Military - San Diego - Bayview Hills|accessdate=2007-11-18}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://dq.cde.ca.gov/dataquest/Cbeds4.asp?FreeLunch=on&Enroll=on&PctBlack=on&PctAm=on&PctAsian=on&PctFil=on&PctHisp=on&PctPac=on&PctWhite=on&PctMult=on&cSelect=MORSE%5EHIGH--SAN%5EDIEGO%5EUNIFI--3768338-3734654&cChoice=SchProf1&cYear=2006-07&cLevel=School&cTopic=Profile&myTimeFrame=S&submit1=Submit|title=2006-07 Selected School Level Data for Morse High School|accessdate=2007-11-17}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/0666000.html|title=San Diego (city) QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau|accessdate=2007-11-17}}
15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.greatschools.net/cgi-bin/ca/other/6207#toc|title=greatschools.net|accessdate=2007-11-17}}
16. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041212/news_mz1e12street.html|title=On the street. Fighting crime in some of San Diego's toughest neighborhoods|accessdate=2007-11-22}}
17. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20050522/news_1m22violence.html|title=Taking a stand against violence, Shootings prompt call for residents to unite|accessdate=2007-11-22}}
18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sandiego.gov/police/stats/index.shtml|title=Crime Statistics/Maps, Police Department|accessdate=2007-11-22|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071031004644/http://www.sandiego.gov/police/stats/index.shtml|archivedate=2007-10-31|df=}}
19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/homicide/tables/totalstab.htm |title=Bureau of Justice Statistics Homicide Trends in the United States |accessdate=2008-04-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080413235450/http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/homicide/tables/totalstab.htm |archivedate=2008-04-13 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
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27. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.clicker.com/tv/gangland/the-assassins-933999/|title=Gangland: The Assassins|accessdate=2011-07-21}}
28. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.clicker.com/tv/gangland/vendetta-of-blood-936928//|title=Gangland: The Assassins|accessdate=2011-07-21}}
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46. ^{{cite news|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0DE7D61139F932A25751C1A962958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all|title= COLLEGE FOOTBALL; 2,055 Reasons Why Salaam Is the Winner|publisher=New York Times|date=1994-12-11|accessdate=2008-02-24 | first=Malcolm | last=Moran}}
47. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.vh1.com/video/play.jhtml?id=1570813&vid=178547|title=vh1.com - Rags to Riches Episode, Nick Cannon|accessdate=2008-02-19}}
48. ^http://hiphopdx.com/news/id.28234/title.nick-cannon-describes-upbringing-in-blood-gang-neighborhood
49. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.wmagazine.com/culture/2015/12/andra-day-grammys/photos/|title=Andra Day on Her First Grammy Nominations|accessdate=2016-02-15}}
50. ^{{cite web|url=https://myspace.com/article/2013/11/07/lecrae-church-clothes|title=Meet Lecrae, the Real God MC|accessdate=2016-02-21}}
51. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.asianamerican.net/bios/Horton-Shirley.html|title=Biography of Shirley Horton}}
52. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20080518/news_1n18nunez.html|title=Ex-assembly speaker Núñez looks at options for his future|first=James P.|last=Sweeney|publisher=San Diego Union-Tribune|accessdate=2008-05-19}}
53. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041121/news_1m21peralta.html|title=Another tragedy for grieving family|first=Caitlin|last=Rother|authorlink=Caitlin Rother|publisher=Union-Tribune|accessdate=2007-08-22}}

Further reading

  • {{cite report |author=Dyett & Bhatia |author2=Page & Turnbull |author3=Ruth Todd |author4=Rebecca Fogel |author5=Chistina Dikas |authors= |date=8 August 2014 |title=Southern San Diego Historic Context Statement |url=https://www.sandiego.gov/sites/default/files/southeastern_encanto_2014.pdf |publisher=City of San Diego |page= |docket= |access-date= |quote= }}

External links

  • City Council District 4 website
  • Southeastern San Diego Community Profile
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20071221120544/http://southeastsandiego.com/ Southeast San Diego - A Diamond in the Rough Community Website]
{{Neighborhoods of San Diego}}{{coord|32|42|3|N|117|3|19|W|type:adm3rd_dim:7600|display=title}}

2 : Neighborhoods in San Diego|Urban communities in San Diego
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