| 词条 | South Georgia diving petrel |
| 释义 |
| name = South Georgia diving petrel | image = Pelecanoides georgicus (South Georgian diving-petrel) (8365384976).jpg | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = {{r|IUCN}} | genus = Pelecanoides | species = georgicus | authority = Murphy & Harper, 1916 | synonyms = }} The South Georgia diving petrel or Georgian diving-petrel (Pelecanoides georgicus) is one of five very similar small auk-like diving petrels of the southern oceans. It is native to the South Atlantic and islands of the southern Indian Ocean and south-eastern Australia. Taxonomy and nomenclatureThe American ornithologist Robert Cushman Murphy and the zoologist Francis Harper described the South Georgia diving petrel in 1916.{{r|IUCN}}[1] Its specific name, georgicus, is derived from the South Georgia islands where they identified the species. Other common names include puffinure de Géorgie du Sud (French), Breitschnabel Lummensturmvogel (German), and potoyunco de Georgia (Spanish).{{r|ibc}} A unique New Zealand population is now considered a separate species, the Whenua Hou diving petrel.[2] DescriptionThe South Georgia diving petrel is a small, plump petrel, {{convert|180|to(-)|220|mm|in|abbr=on}} in length and weighing around {{convert|90|to(-)|150|g|oz|abbr=on}}.{{r|polar}} Its plumage is black above and dull white below, and it has a stubby black bill with pale blue edges.{{r|adw}} The wings have thin white strips. The face and neck can be more brown than black. The legs are blue with posterior black lines down the tarsi.{{r|adw}} Unless seen very close, it is almost indistinguishable from the common diving petrel; the common diving petrel has brown inner web primary feathers, whereas the South Georgia diving petrel has light inner web feathering. Common diving petrels have smaller and narrower bills than the South Georgia diving petrel,{{r|adw}}{{r|Brooke}} and there are also slight size differences.{{r|diff}} Distribution and habitatThis species nests in colonies on Subantarctic islands. It breeds on South Georgia in the south Atlantic and on the Prince Edward Islands, Crozet Islands, Kerguelen Islands and Heard Island and McDonald Islands in the southern Indian Ocean.[3][4] It disperses to surrounding seas and vagrants have been recorded in the Falkland Islands and Australia.{{r|IUCN}} While {{convert|1.5|m|ft|abbr=on}} nesting burrows are usually built on scree slopes above the vegetation line, they are occasionally built on flat land.{{r|polar}}{{r|adw}} BehaviourThe South Georgia diving petrel feeds primarily on planktonic crustaceans, particularly krill, but will also feed on small fish and young cephalopods. Breeding season is October–February.{{r|BirdLife}} The female lays one egg that is incubated for 44–52 days. Fledging occurs in 43–60 days.{{r|polar}} Threats to the South Georgia diving petrel include skuas, cats and rats. South Georgia diving petrels are noted for their diving capabilities: "The most proficient divers of the order Procellariformes are likely to be the diving petrels in the family Pelecanoididae."{{r|dive}} Dive depths for the South Georgia diving petrel have been recorded to {{convert|48.6|m|ft|abbr=on}}, with most in the range of {{convert|20.4|to(-)|24.4|m|ft|abbr=on}}.{{r|dive}} References1. ^{{ cite journal | last1=Murphy | first1=Robert Cushman | author1-link=Robert Cushman Murphy | last2=Harper | first2=Francis| author2-link=Francis Harper (biologist) | year=1916 | title=Two new diving petrels | journal=Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History | volume=35 | pages=65–67 | url=http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/bitstream/handle/2246/1843//v2/dspace/ingest/pdfSource/bul/B035a07.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y }} [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]2. ^{{Cite journal|last=Fischer|first=Johannes H.|last2=Debski|first2=Igor|last3=Miskelly|first3=Colin M.|last4=Bost|first4=Charles A.|last5=Fromant|first5=Aymeric|last6=Tennyson|first6=Alan J. D.|last7=Tessler|first7=Jake|last8=Cole|first8=Rosalind|last9=Hiscock|first9=Johanna H.|date=2018-06-27|title=Analyses of phenotypic differentiations among South Georgian Diving Petrel (Pelecanoides georgicus) populations reveal an undescribed and highly endangered species from New Zealand|journal=PLOS ONE|language=en|volume=13|issue=6|pages=e0197766|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0197766|pmid=29949581|pmc=6021066|issn=1932-6203}} 3. ^{{Cite journal|last=Holdaway|first=Richard N.|last2=Jones|first2=Martin D.|last3=Beavan Athfield|first3=Nancy R.|date=2003|title=Establishment and extinction of a population of South Georgian diving petrel (Pelecanoides georgicus) at Mason Bay, Stewart Island, New Zealand, during the late Holocene|journal=Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand|volume=33|issue=3|pages=601–622|doi=10.1080/03014223.2003.9517748|pmid=}} 4. ^{{Cite journal|last1=Fischer|first1=Johannes H.|last2=Hjorsvarsdottir|first2=Freydis O.|last3=Hiscock|first3=Johanna A.|last4=Debski|first4=Igor|last5=Taylor|first5=Graeme A.|last6=Wittmer|first6=Heiko U.| date=2017|title=Confirmation of the extinction of South Georgian diving petrels (Pelecanoides georgicus) on Enderby Island|url=https://notornis.osnz.org.nz/system/files/Fischer%20et%20al%202017%20Notornis%2064%2048_51.pdf|journal=Notornis|volume=64|pages=48–51|access-date=14 May 2018|via=}} 5. ^{{cite web|title=South Georgia Diving Petrel |url=http://polarconservation.org/polar-library/antarctic-animals/antarctic-birds/petrels/south-georgia-diving-petrel/|publisher=Polar Conservation|accessdate=14 December 2017}} 6. ^{{cite web|title=Pelecanoides urinatrix |url=http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pelecanoides_urinatrix.html|publisher=Animal Diversity Web|last=Dewey|first=Tanya|accessdate=5 June 2011}} 7. ^{{cite book|last=Brooke|first=Michael|title=Albatrosses And Petrels Across The World|year=2004|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-850125-1|pages=428–430}} 8. ^{{IUCN|id=22698293 |title=Pelecanoides georgicus |assessor=BirdLife International |assessor-link=BirdLife International |version=2013.2 |year=2012 |accessdate=26 November 2013}} 9. ^{{cite web|title=South Georgia Diving Petrel Pelecanoides georgicus|url=http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=3950| publisher=BirdLife International|accessdate=5 June 2011}} 10. ^{{cite web|title=South Georgia Diving Petrel (Pelecanoides georgicus) |url=http://ibc.lynxeds.com/species/south-georgia-diving-petrel-pelecanoides-georgicus|publisher=Internet Bird Collection|accessdate=5 June 2011}} 11. ^{{cite journal|last=Prince|first=P. A.|author2=M. Jones |title=Maximum dive depths attained by South Georgia Diving Petrel Pelecanoides georgicus at Bird Island, South Georgia|journal=Antarctic Science|year=1992|volume=4|issue=4|pages=433–434|format=PDF|url=http://journals.cambridge.org/download.php?file=%2FANS%2FANS4_04%2FS0954102092000646a.pdf&code=909acb7e70624b98be3d4e84592ebdd3|accessdate=5 June 2011|doi=10.1017/s0954102092000646}} }} External links{{Commons category|Pelecanoides georgicus}}{{Wikispecies|Pelecanoides georgicus}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q1270542}}{{DEFAULTSORT:petrel, diving, South Georgia}} 11 : Pelecanoides|Birds of islands of the Atlantic Ocean|Birds of the Indian Ocean|Birds of the Campbell Islands|Birds of subantarctic islands|Fauna of the Prince Edward Islands|Fauna of Heard Island and McDonald Islands|Fauna of the Crozet Islands|Fauna of the Auckland Islands|Birds described in 1916|Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。