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释义 |
| name = SouthPeak Interactive Corporation | logo = SouthPeak Games.png | trading_name = SouthPeak Games | former_name = {{Unbulleted list|SouthPeak Interactive LLC {{small|(1996–2000)}}|SouthPeak Interactive, L.L.C. {{small|(2000–2008)}}}} | type = Public | traded_as = {{OTC Pink|SOPK}} | industry = Video game industry | fate = Dissolved | founded = {{Start date and age|1996|03|01}} in Cary, North Carolina, U.S. | founder = | defunct = {{End date|2013|07}} | hq_location_city = Midlothian, Virginia | hq_location_country = U.S. | area_served = North America | key_people = {{Unbulleted list|Melanie Mroz {{small|(President & CEO)}}|Terry Phillips {{small|(Chairman)}}|Reba McDermott {{small|(CFO)}}}} | parent = {{Unbulleted list|SAS Institute {{small|(1996–2000)}}|Terry Phillips Sales, Inc. {{small|(2000–2008)}}}} | subsid = {{Unbulleted list|7Sixty|Gamecock Media Group}} }} SouthPeak Interactive Corporation, doing business as SouthPeak Games, was an American video game publisher based in Midlothian, Virginia. Founded on March 1, 1996, as a subsidiary of SAS Institute in Cary, North Carolina, it was sold and moved to Midlothian, Virginia in 2000, and became a public company in 2008. Also in 2008, the company acquired and closed Austin, Texas-based publisher Gamecock Media Group, and opened a separate digital distribution subsidiary 7Sixty in Grapevine, Texas in 2011. SouthPeak Games quietly ceased from the public eye in July 2013. HistoryFoundation and sale (1996–2005)SouthPeak Games was founded as SouthPeak Interactive LLC on March 1, 1996,[1] as a subsidiary of SAS Institute.[2] Both companies were headquartered in Cary, North Carolina.[3] SAS Institute's executive vice-president and chief technology officer, Armistead Sapp, was appointed as the new company's president.[3] In 1997, SouthPeak Games signed a deal with Red Storm Entertainment that would grant them the exclusive license to distribute all of their upcoming titles,[4] which was, however, terminated by Red Storm Entertainment in April 2000.[5] In March 1999, SouthPeak Games acquired the license to develop games based on the Wild Wild West film.[6][7] Starting from September 27, 1999, Raleigh, North Carolina-based creative shop Front Door acquired advertisement production rights for games published by SouthPeak Games for {{US$|8 million|link=yes}}.[8] On October 16, 2000, SAS Institute sold SouthPeak Games to Midlothian, Virginia-based privately held company Terry Phillips Sales, Inc., owned by brothers Terry Marshall Phillips and Gregory Robert Phillips, for {{US$|4.5 million}}, making Terry Phillips the new director of SouthPeak Games.[9] As result of the sale, all assets related to SouthPeak Games were moved the Midlothian location, while all staff at the Cary location were laid off or re-employed directly by SAS Institute.[10] The company in its new location was legally registered as SouthPeak Interactive, L.L.C. on October 19, 2000.[11] In August 2005, Melanie Mroz was appointed executive vice-president of SouthPeak Games.[12] Acquisitions (2005–2009)On January 16, 2008, SouthPeak Games acquired public company Global Services Partners Acquisition Corp. (GSPAC), a company intentionally created as a blank check to "consummate a business combination", for {{US$|31 million}}.[13] Through that transaction, SouthPeak Games performed a reverse merger takeover, and thus merged itself into GSPAC to form a new public entity titled SouthPeak Interactive Corporation, with Mroz becoming president and chief executive officer, and Phillips becoming chairman.[14] On June 19, 2008, the company announced that they had raised a total of {{US$|12.9 million}} through private investment in public equity, in order to expand its business.[15] On October 14, 2008, the company announced that it had acquired Austin, Texas-based video game publisher Gamecock Media Group, including its upcoming titles, Legendary, Mushroom Men, and Velvet Assassin.[16] Gamecock Media Group was initially made a publishing subsidiary, however, it was closed shortly after.[17] In August 2009, SouthPeak Games started facing legal issues with work-for-hire vendors who had worked on games published by Gamecock Media Group, accusing SouthPeak Games of not paying outstanding royalties, although SouthPeak Games had already acknowledged these issues when they acquired Gamecock Media Group.[18] When SouthPeak Games released their 2009 Q1 quarterly report on November 13, 2009, it was revealed that, after American video game developer and publisher Midway Games filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in February 2009, SouthPeak Games had acquired the exclusive rights to publishing video games based on the TNA Impact! television program for {{US$|100,000}},[19] however, they could not agree with Total Nonstop Action Wrestling upon any further titles to be developed.[20] Lawsuits (2009–2011)In December 2009, TimeGate Studios, the developer of Section 8, which was to be published by Gamecock Media Group before their acquisition, sued SouthPeak Games over breach of contract, accusing them of withholding 24 outstanding milestone payments with a sum of around {{US$|6.2 million}}, in addition to royalty payments for the development of Section 8.[21] In response, SouthPeak Games filed a counterclaim against TimeGate Studios, stating that they willingly shipped a game of poor quality in order to negatively manipulated the product's sales, seeking {{US$|7.3 million}} in damages.[22] In November 2011, arbitrator Peter Vogel ruled in favor of SouthPeak Games, ordering TimeGates Studios to pay the {{US$|7.3 million}} and hand over the license to the Section 8 intellectual property to SouthPeak Games, which was, however, overturned by a federal court in March 2012, claiming that the original contract foresaw that TimeGate Studios would retain the Section 8 license in the publishing deal.[23] Regardless, in April 2013, the United States courts of appeals closed the lawsuit in favor of SouthPeak Games, forcing TimeGate Studios to pay a total of {{US$|7.35 million}} in damages, and again pass the Section 8 license to SouthPeak Games.[24] In November 2009, SouthPeak Games lost a legal battle to German distributor CDV Software, which concerned the failure to deliver three out of four unspecified games before Christmas 2008, and was ordered to pay {{US$|3.1 million}}.[25] Additionally, on February 19, 2010, the judge ruled upon CDV Software's other claims, including copyright infringement and breach of contract, ordering SouthPeak Games to hand in further, undisclosed payments.[26] Mid-issue, on April 8, 2010, Reba McDermott was appointed chief financial officer, replacing Melanie Mroz, who previously served that role interimly,[27] but saw her appointment terminated nine months later.[28] As a result of the outstanding bills, on July 20, 2010, British distributor Centresoft put 40,000 units of SouthPeak Games stock on ice to auction them off,[29] generating {{GBP|50,000|link=yes}} by August 6, 2010.[30] The legal issue was announced to be resolved on October 14, 2010,[31] and CDV Software dropped all charges against SouthPeak Games on November 10, 2010.[32] However, all payments ordered by the settlement court were not paid by SouthPeak Games, as a result of which CDV Software filed for preliminary insolvency on April 15, 2010.[33] In June 2010, American publisher Majesco Entertainment announced the upcoming release of My Baby 3 & Friends, the third entry in the My Baby franchise, of which the first two were published by SouthPeak Games.[34] In response to the announcement, on July 21, 2010, SouthPeak Games sued Majesco over copyright infringement over the My Baby intellectual property, despite its developer, French studio Nobilis, actually owning it at the time.[35] Five days later, on July 26, 2010, Nobilis responded to the accusation, citing withunder SouthPeak Games' failure to pay royalties as reason to switch to Majesco and cease operations with SouthPeak Games.[36] Due to damages caused by the legal issue, SouthPeak Games halted the distribution of all released titles in the My Baby series, namely, My Baby Boy, My Baby Girl, and My Baby First Steps on October 13, 2010.[37] It was reported on January 10, 2011, that SouthPeak Games had won against Majesco and Nobilis, with the Lyon Commercial Court stating that Nobilis had no legal basis for ceasing operations with SouthPeak Games, wherefore all rights to there series were returned to SouthPeak Games.[38] In November 2010, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) issued cease and desist orders against Phillips, Mroz, and SouthPeak Games for submitting incorrect SEC filings, which SouthPeak Games later stated to have been an error.[39] After net losses of {{US$|2.6 million}} and {{US$|2.1 million}} in the first and second quarters of the company's fiscal year 2011, respectively,[40] SouthPeak Games was delisted from the New York Stock Exchange in September 2011.[41] 7Sixty, closure (2011–2013)On July 12, 2011, SouthPeak Games opened a new digital distribution subsidiary, 7Sixty LLC, in Grapevine, Texas.[42] Led by vice president of publishing Leslie House and vice president of interactive entertainment Jeff Hutchinson, the studio was established in order to expand SouthPeak Games' business strategies to cover the digital market, with their first title to be Stronghold 3.[43] Stronghold 3, released on October 25, 2011, would become the last game published by SouthPeak Games or 7Sixty, and both companies left the public eye in July 2013. Games published
References1. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.sosnc.gov/online_services/Search/Business_Registration_profile?Id=4981631 |title=SOUTHPEAK INTERACTIVE LLC |website=North Carolina Department of the Secretary of State |accessdate=February 20, 2017}} 2. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.itworldcanada.com/article/games-may-be-part-of-sas-applications-in-the-future-says-ceo/88118 |title=Games may be part of SAS applications in the future, says CEO |first=Howard |last=Solomon |date=January 9, 2014 |website=IT World Canada}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/article_29313 |title=Daisy Dukes It Out |author=Gestalt |date=September 27, 2000 |website=Eurogamer |publisher=Gamer Network |accessdate=February 20, 2017}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/red-storm-signs-with-southpeak/1100-2463554/ |title=Red Storm Signs With SouthPeak |last=Dunkin |first=Alan |date=April 28, 2000 |website=GameSpot |publisher=CBS Interactive |accessdate=February 20, 2017}} 5. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/red-storm-and-southpeak-woes/1100-2541742/ |title=Red Storm and SouthPeak Woes |last=Ajami |first=Amer |date=April 26, 2000 |website=GameSpot |publisher=CBS Interactive |accessdate=February 20, 2017}} 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ign.com/articles/1999/03/11/playstation-gets-a-little-wild |title=PlayStation Gets a Little Wild |author=IGN Staff |date=March 10, 1999 |website=IGN |publisher=IGN Entertainment |accessdate=February 21, 2017}} 7. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ign.com/articles/1999/03/11/take-a-walk-on-the-wild-side |title=Take a Walk on the Wild Side |author=IGN Staff |date=March 10, 1999 |website=IGN |publisher=IGN Entertainment |accessdate=February 21, 2017}} 8. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.adweek.com/brand-marketing/front-door-gets-southpeak-46201/ |title=Front Door Gets SouthPeak |last=Siebert |first=T.w. |date=September 27, 1999 |website=Adweek |accessdate=February 20, 2017}} 9. ^{{cite web |url=https://venturebeat.com/2008/06/19/southpeak-interactive-raises-126-million-for-indie-games/ |title=SouthPeak Interactive raises $12.9 million for indie games |last=Takahashi |first=Dean |date=June 19, 2008 |website=GamesBeat |publisher=VentureBeat |accessdate=February 20, 2017}} 10. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.gamespot.com/articles/sas-sells-southpeak/1100-2640987/ |title=SAS Sells SouthPeak |last=Ahmed |first=Shahed |date=October 16, 2000 |website=GameSpot |publisher=CBS Interactive |accessdate=February 20, 2017}} 11. ^{{cite web |url=https://sccefile.scc.virginia.gov/Business/S054986 |title=SouthPeak Interactive, L.L.C. |website=Commonwealth of Virginia State Corporation Commission |accessdate=February 20, 2017}} 12. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2007/10/22/southpeak-runs-for-its-life |title=SouthPeak Runs for its Life |last=Burman |first=Rob |date=October 22, 2007 |website=IGN |publisher=IGN Entertainment |accessdate=February 21, 2017}} 13. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.mcvuk.com/news/read/southpeak-in-31m-merger/016687 |title=Southpeak in $31m merger |last=Ingham |first=Tim |date=January 17, 2008 |website=MCV |publisher=NewBay Media |accessdate=February 20, 2017}} 14. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/southpeak-goes-public-following-merger |title=Southpeak goes public following merger |last=Androvich |first=Mark |date=January 16, 2008 |website=GamesIndustry.biz |publisher=Gamer Network |accessdate=February 20, 2017}} 15. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/110066/SouthPeak_Secures_129M_Funding_For_Expansion.php |title=SouthPeak Secures $12.9M Funding For Expansion |last=Caoili |first=Eric |date=June 20, 2008 |website=Gamasutra |publisher=UBM TechWeb |accessdate=February 20, 2017}} 16. ^{{cite web |url=http://kotaku.com/5063109/southpeak-devours-gamecock |title=SouthPeak Devours Gamecock |last=Fahey |first=Mike |date=October 14, 2008 |website=Kotaku |publisher=Gizmodo Media Group |accessdate=February 20, 2017}} 17. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/115798/Former_Gamecock_CEO_Discusses_Companys_Demise_Alleges_Contractor_Payment_Issues.php |title=Former Gamecock CEO Discusses Company's Demise, Alleges Contractor Payment Issues |last=Nutt |first=Christian |date=August 14, 2009 |website=Gamasutra |publisher=UBM TechWeb |accessdate=February 20, 2017}} 18. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.destructoid.com/scandal-former-gamecock-ceo-says-southpeak-is-not-paying-up-144413.phtml |title=Scandal: Former Gamecock CEO says SouthPeak is not paying up |last=Razak |first=Matthew |date=August 16, 2009 |website=Destructoid |publisher=ModernMethod |accessdate=February 20, 2017}} 19. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.engadget.com/2009/11/13/southpeak-earnings-report-reveals-acquisition-of-something-i/ |title=SouthPeak earnings report reveals acquisition of ... something involving TNA Impact |last=Gilbert |first=Ron |date=November 13, 2009 |website=Engadget |publisher=AOL Tech |accessdate=February 20, 2017}} 20. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.engadget.com/2009/12/02/tna-seeking-long-term-partner-for-future-360-ps3-tna-impact-g/ |title=TNA seeking 'long-term partner' for future 360/PS3 TNA Impact! games |last=Gilbert |first=Ron |date=December 2, 2009 |website=Engadget |publisher=AOL Tech |accessdate=February 20, 2017}} 21. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/117580/TimeGate_Sues_SouthPeak_For_Royalties_Breach_Of_Contract.php |title=TimeGate Sues SouthPeak For Royalties, Breach Of Contract |last=Alexander |first=Leigh |date=December 24, 2009 |website=Gamasutra |publisher=UBM TechWeb |accessdate=February 21, 2017}} 22. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.gamespot.com/articles/timegate-loses-section-8-court-appeal/1100-6407130/ |title=TimeGate loses Section 8 court appeal |last=Makuch |first=Eddie |date=April 17, 2013 |website=GameSpot |publisher=CBS Interactive |accessdate=February 21, 2017}} 23. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/167534/Timegate_and_SouthPeaks_73M_arbitration_for_Section_8_overturned.php |title=Timegate and SouthPeak's $7.3M arbitration for Section 8 overturned |last=Caoili |first=Eric |date=March 29, 2012 |website=Gamasutra |publisher=UBM TechWeb |accessdate=February 21, 2017}} 24. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.polygon.com/2013/4/17/4234816/timegate-lawsuit-decision-section-8-southpeak |title=TimeGate loses court appeal, faces $7.3M in damages in Section 8 suit |last=McElroy |first=Griffin |date=April 17, 2013 |website=Polygon |publisher=Vox Media |accessdate=February 21, 2017}} 25. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.mcvuk.com/news/read/curtain-falls-on-cdv-vs-southpeak-saga/010430 |title=Curtain falls on CDV vs SouthPeak saga |last=Ingham |first=Tim |date=December 2, 2009 |website=MCV |publisher=NewBay Media |accessdate=February 20, 2017}} 26. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/118301/CDV_Wins_Latest_Legal_Battle_Against_SouthPeak.php |title=CDV Wins Latest Legal Battle Against SouthPeak |last=Graft |first=Kris |date=February 23, 2010 |website=Gamasutra |publisher=UBM TechWeb |accessdate=February 20, 2017}} 27. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/southpeak-appoints-reba-mcdermott-as-cfo |title=Southpeak appoints Reba McDermott as CFO |last=Elliott |first=Phil |date=April 8, 2010 |website=GamesIndustry.biz |publisher=Gamer Network |accessdate=February 20, 2017}} 28. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2010-11-24-sec-pushes-for-cease-and-desist-orders-against-southpeak |title=SEC pushes for cease and desist orders against SouthPeak |last=Martin |first=Matt |date=November 4, 2010 |website=GamesIndustry.biz |publisher=Gamer Network |accessdate=February 21, 2017}} 29. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/bailiffs-begin-seizing-southpeak-stock |title=Bailiffs begin seizing SouthPeak stock |last=Martin |first=Matt |date=July 20, 2010 |website=GamesIndustry.biz |publisher=Gamer Network |accessdate=February 20, 2017}} 30. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2010-08-06-sale-of-southpeak-assets-generates-GBP50-000 |title=Sale of SouthPeak assets generates £50,000 |last=Martin |first=Matt |date=August 6, 2010 |website=GamesIndustry.biz |publisher=Gamer Network |accessdate=February 20, 2017}} 31. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2010-10-14-southpeak-settles-with-cdv |title=Southpeak "successfully resolves" $3m dispute with CDV |last=Meer |first=Alec |date=October 14, 2010 |website=GamesIndustry.biz |publisher=Gamer Network |accessdate=February 20, 2017}} 32. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2010-11-10-cdv-drops-charges-against-southpeak |title=CDV drops charges against SouthPeak |last=Meer |first=Alec |date=November 10, 2010 |website=GamesIndustry.biz |publisher=Gamer Network |accessdate=February 20, 2017}} 33. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.vg247.com/2010/04/15/cdv-software-files-for-preliminary-insolvency/ |title=cdv Software files for preliminary insolvency |last=Nunneley |first=Stephany |date=April 15, 2010 |website=VG247 |publisher=Videogaming247 |accessdate=January 13, 2018}} 34. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/120443/My_Baby_Developer_Accuses_SouthPeak_of_NonPayment.php |title=My Baby Developer Accuses SouthPeak of Non-Payment |last=Graft |first=Kris |date=July 26, 2010 |website=Gamasutra |publisher=UBM TechWeb |accessdate=February 20, 2017}} 35. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.engadget.com/2010/07/21/southpeak-suing-majesco-over-my-baby-3/ |title=SouthPeak suing Majesco over My Baby 3 |last=Gilbert |first=Ben |date=July 21, 2010 |website=Engadget |publisher=AOL Tech |accessdate=February 20, 2017}} 36. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.engadget.com/2010/07/26/nobilis-fires-back-at-southpeak-over-my-baby-ip-blames-lack-of/ |title=Nobilis fires back at SouthPeak over My Baby IP, blames lack of payment for Majesco move |last=Gilbert |first=Ben |date=July 26, 2010 |website=Engadget |publisher=AOL Tech |accessdate=February 20, 2017}} 37. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.engadget.com/2010/10/13/southpeak-to-stop-selling-my-baby-during-legal-issues/ |title=SouthPeak to stop selling 'My Baby' during legal issues |last=Sliwinski |first=Alexander |date=October 13, 2010 |website=Engadget |publisher=AOL Tech |accessdate=February 20, 2017}} 38. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.vg247.com/2011/01/11/southpeak-reclaim-access-rights-to-my-baby-franchise/ |title=Southpeak reclaim access rights to My Baby franchise |last=Hillier |first=Brenna |date=January 11, 2011 |website=VG247 |publisher=Videogaming247 |accessdate=February 20, 2017}} 39. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2010-12-07-southpeak-incorrect-sec-filings-wont-happen-again |title=Southpeak: Incorrect SEC filings won't happen again |last=Meer |first=Alec |date=December 7, 2010 |website=GamesIndustry.biz |publisher=Gamer Network |accessdate=February 28, 2017}} 40. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2011-02-22-southpeak-losses-narrow-to-USD2-1m-article |title=Southpeak losses narrow to $2.1m |last=Meer |first=Alec |date=February 22, 2011 |website=GamesIndustry.biz |publisher=Gamer Network |accessdate=February 28, 2017}} 41. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2011-09-19-southpeak-delisted-from-ny-stock-exchange |title=SouthPeak delisted from NY stock exchange |last=Handrahan |first=Matthew |date=September 19, 2011 |website=GamesIndustry.biz |publisher=Gamer Network |accessdate=February 28, 2017}} 42. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2011-08-08-southpeaks-7sixty-interview |title=Southpeak's 7Sixty |last=Meer |first=Alec |date=August 8, 2011 |website=GamesIndustry.biz |publisher=Gamer Network |accessdate=February 28, 2017}} 43. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.mcvuk.com/news/read/southpeak-goes-digital-with-7sixty/082229 |title=7sixty goes digital with SouthPeak |last=Sacco |first=Dominic |date=July 12, 2011 |website=MCV |publisher=NewBay Media |accessdate=February 28, 2017}} 10 : SouthPeak Games|1996 establishments in North Carolina|Companies based in Virginia|Companies traded over-the-counter in the United States|Defunct video game companies|Video game companies established in 1996|Video game companies disestablished in 2013|Video game companies of the United States|Video game publishers|Defunct companies based in Virginia |
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