| 词条 | Space industry |
| 释义 |
Segments and revenuesThe three major sectors of the space industry are: satellite manufacturing, support ground equipment manufacturing, and the launch industry. The satellite manufacturing sector is composed of satellite and their subsystems manufacturers. The ground equipment sector is composed of manufacturing items like mobile terminals, gateways, control stations, VSATs, direct broadcast satellite dishes, and other specialized equipment. The launch sector is composed of launch services, vehicle manufacturing and subsystem manufacturing.[5] With regards to the worldwide satellite industry revenues, in the period 2002 to 2005 those remained at the 35–36 billion USD level.[5] In that, majority of revenue was generated by the ground equipment sector, with the least amount by the launch sector.[6] Space-related services are estimated at about 100 billion USD.[7] The industry and related sectors employ about 120,000 people in the OECD countries,[7] while the space industry of Russia employs around 250,000 people.[8] Capital stocks estimated the worth of 937 satellites in Earth's orbit in 2005 at around 170 to 230 USD billion.[7] In 2005, OECD countries budgeted around US$45 billion for space-related activities; income from space-derived products and services has been estimated at US$110–120 billion in 2006 (worldwide).[9] History and trendsThe space industry began to develop after World War II, as rockets and then satellites entered into military arsenals, and later found civilian applications.[1] It retains significant ties to the government. In particular, the launch industry features a significant government involvement, with some launch platforms (like the space shuttle) being operated by governments.[5][10][11] In recent years, however, private spaceflight is becoming realistic, and even major government agencies, such as NASA, have begun relying on privately operated launch services.[12][13] Some future developments of the space industry that are increasingly being considered include new services such as space tourism.[14] From 2004–2013, total orbital launches by country/region were: Russia: 270, US: 181, China: 108, Europe: 59, Japan: 24, India: 19 and Brazil: 1.[15] Relevant trends in the 2008–2009 for the space industry have been described as:
[https://www.spacefoundation.org/sites/default/files/downloads/The_Space_Report_2015_Overview_TOC_Exhibits.pdf The 2015 Space Report] estimates that in 2014 total global space activity was $330 Billion. Of that, the report estimates that 13%, or $42.96 Billion, was from U.S. Government Space Budgets.[16] See also
References1. ^1 {{cite book|author=Joan Lisa Bromberg|title=NASA and the Space Industry|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-UebVg1YqsoC&pg=PA1|accessdate=10 June 2011|date=October 2000|publisher=JHU Press|isbn=978-0-8018-6532-9|page=1}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2011}}2. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|author=Kai-Uwe Schrogl|title=Yearbook on Space Policy 2008/2009: Setting New Trends|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gcZwzmPnqxkC&pg=PA49|accessdate=10 June 2011|date=2 August 2010|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-7091-0317-3|page=49}} 3. ^{{cite book|author=Joan Lisa Bromberg|title=NASA and the Space Industry|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-UebVg1YqsoC&pg=PA13|accessdate=10 June 2011|date=October 2000|publisher=JHU Press|isbn=978-0-8018-6532-9|page=13}} 4. ^{{cite book|author1=Claire Jolly|author2=Gohar Razi|author3=Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|title=The space economy at a glance: 2007|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HeF_aGJ1GlIC&pg=PA13|accessdate=10 June 2011|year=2007|publisher=OECD Publishing|isbn=978-92-64-03109-8|page=13}} 5. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|author1=Claire Jolly|author2=Gohar Razi|author3=Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|title=The space economy at a glance: 2007|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HeF_aGJ1GlIC&pg=PA48|accessdate=9 June 2011|year=2007|publisher=OECD Publishing|isbn=978-92-64-03109-8|page=48}} 6. ^{{cite book|author1=Claire Jolly|author2=Gohar Razi|author3=Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|title=The space economy at a glance: 2007|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HeF_aGJ1GlIC&pg=PA48|accessdate=9 June 2011|year=2007|publisher=OECD Publishing|isbn=978-92-64-03109-8|page=49}} 7. ^1 2 {{cite book|author1=Claire Jolly|author2=Gohar Razi|author3=Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|title=The space economy at a glance: 2007|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HeF_aGJ1GlIC&pg=PA15|accessdate=10 June 2011|year=2007|publisher=OECD Publishing|isbn=978-92-64-03109-8|page=15}} 8. ^{{cite journal|last=Ionin|first=Andrey|title=Russia’s Space Program in 2006: Some Progress but No Clear Direction|journal=Moscow Defense Brief|publisher=Centre for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies|issue=2(#8)|url=http://mdb.cast.ru/mdb/2-2007/item1/item3/}} 9. ^{{cite book|author1=Claire Jolly|author2=Gohar Razi|author3=Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|title=The space economy at a glance: 2007|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HeF_aGJ1GlIC&pg=PA14|accessdate=10 June 2011|year=2007|publisher=OECD Publishing|isbn=978-92-64-03109-8|page=14}} 10. ^{{cite book|author=Joan Lisa Bromberg|title=NASA and the Space Industry|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-UebVg1YqsoC&pg=PA4|accessdate=10 June 2011|date=October 2000|publisher=JHU Press|isbn=978-0-8018-6532-9|page=4}} 11. ^{{cite book|author=Walter Edward Hammond|title=Space transportation: a systems approach to analysis and design|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eWbO9JJoAogC&pg=PA157|accessdate=10 June 2011|year=1999|publisher=AIAA|isbn=978-1-56347-032-5|page=157}} 12. ^{{cite book|author1=Chris Dubbs|author2=Emeline Paat-Dahlstrom|author3=Charles D. Walker|title=Realizing Tomorrow: The Path to Private Spaceflight|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g-4agkc8_IAC&pg=PA192|accessdate=10 June 2011|date=1 June 2011|publisher=U of Nebraska Press|isbn=978-0-8032-1610-5|page=192}} 13. ^{{cite book|author1=Chris Dubbs|author2=Emeline Paat-Dahlstrom|author3=Charles D. Walker|title=Realizing Tomorrow: The Path to Private Spaceflight|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g-4agkc8_IAC&pg=PA249|accessdate=10 June 2011|date=1 June 2011|publisher=U of Nebraska Press|isbn=978-0-8032-1610-5|page=249}} 14. ^1 {{cite book|author1=Dimitrios Buhalis|author2=Carlos Costa|title=Tourism business frontiers: consumers, products and industry|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EuL1qQn_xxoC&pg=PA160|accessdate=10 June 2011|year=2006|publisher=Butterworth-Heinemann|isbn=978-0-7506-6377-9|page=160}} 15. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-rocket-supplier-looks-to-break-short-leash-1437339519|title=U.S. Rocket Supplier Looks to Break ‘Short Leash’|date=2015-09-17|work=Wall Street Journal|quote=Mr. Musk’s closely held company has changed the equation, partly by pressuring its rival by charging about a quarter of United Launch’s average price of $220 million per launch. In May, the U.S. Air Force formally cleared SpaceX to vie for national-security launches.|last1=Pasztor|first1=Andy|accessdate=2015-10-14}} 16. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.spacefoundation.org/sites/default/files/downloads/The_Space_Report_2015_Overview_TOC_Exhibits.pdf|title=The Space Report 2015|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}} External links
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