| 词条 | Spear tackle |
| 释义 |
A spear tackle is an illegal tackle in rugby union, rugby league and Australian rules football in which a player lifts another player into the air and drops them such that they land on their back, head or neck.[1] Spear tackles have caused serious injury[2] including spinal damage, dislocations,[3] broken bones in the shoulder or neck, and death.[4] Due to the dangers, players executing a spear tackle in these sports are punished severely. Rugby unionThe term "spear tackle" has been in use since at least 1995.[5] The International Rugby Board (IRB) has ruled that a dangerous tackle of this type, sometimes also called a 'tip tackle', should be punished with a straight red card. An IRB memorandum on dangerous tackles from 8 June 2009 states: "At a subsequent IRB High Performance Referee Seminar at Lensbury referees were advised that for these types of tackles they were to start at red card as a sanction and work backwards."[6] The IRB amended the law (Law 10.4(j)), in December 2010.[7] In the previous version of the law, the tackled player's head or shoulders had to hit the ground first for a referee to penalise them. The revised law removes the possibility of a spearing tackle not being penalised if the tackled player breaks their fall with their arms. Rugby leagueThe National Rugby League (NRL) competition in Australia awards a penalty for players being lifted beyond the horizontal, which is often termed a "dangerous throw". Generally these tackles are also put "on report",{{citation needed|date=November 2011}} meaning that in the coming week the judiciary is forced to review the incident and pursue the matter further if deemed appropriate. This term is used throughout the northern and southern hemispheres. Australian rules footballIn the Australian Football League (AFL), it is a reportable offence, and players found guilty face the tribunal and possible suspension with at least a two match ban.{{citation needed|date=November 2011}} See also
References1. ^RugbyRefs.com Tip Tackle Explained {{Australian rules football terminology}}2. ^Perth boy charged over spear-tackle | SMH.com.au 3. ^Yahoo! UK & Ireland Eurosport - Sport News | African Cup of Nations {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060112100454/http://uk.sports.yahoo.com/26102005/3/new-o-driscoll-video-sparks-irb-spear-tackle-warning.html |date=2006-01-12 }} 4. ^http://startingstrength.com/article/bill_starr_a_legend_walked_among_us 5. ^The Irish Times, Saturday 25 November 1995, page 17. 6. ^IRB memorandum, Dangerous Tackles, 8 June 2009 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130328164740/http://www.deepsouthrugbyunion.com/images/IRB_Memorandum_re_Dangerous_Tackles.pdf |date=28 March 2013 }} 7. ^http://www.irb.com/newsmedia/mediazone/pressrelease/newsid=2040903.html 4 : Australian rules football terminology|Rugby league terminology|Rugby union terminology|Banned sports tactics |
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