| 词条 | Specialized Bicycle Components |
| 释义 |
| name = Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. | logo = Specialized logo.svg | logo_size = 250 | type = Private | foundation = {{start date and age|1974}} | location_city = Morgan Hill, California | location_country = USA | key_people = Mike Sinyard, CEO | industry = Bicycles | products = Bicycle and Related Components | revenue = US$500,000,000 (est.) (2011)[1] | num_employees = 300 (2002)[1]| homepage = {{URL|specialized.com}}}} Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc., commonly called Specialized, is a United States-based company that designs, manufactures and markets bicycles, bicycle components and related products under the brand name "Specialized". The Morgan Hill, California-based company was founded in 1974 by Mike Sinyard — and since 2001 has been 49% owned by Taiwan-based Merida Bikes. HistoryThe company was founded in 1974 by Mike Sinyard,[2] a cycling enthusiast who sold his Volkswagen Bus for $1,500 to fund a cycle tour of Europe, where he bought handlebars and stems made by Cinelli to take back to the US.[3][4][5] Sinyard started out importing Italian bike components that were difficult to find in the United States,[2] but the company began to produce its own bike parts by 1976, starting with the Specialized Touring Tire.[4] In 1981, the company introduced its first two bikes, the Sequoia, a sport-touring design and the Allez, a road bike.[6] Specialized also introduced the first major production mountain bike in the world, the Stumpjumper, in 1981. Like the Sequoia and Allez, the Stumpjumper was designed by Tim Neenan and based on an early Tom Ritchey design. Specialized continues to produce bikes under the Stumpjumper name, including both hardtail and full-suspension models.[7] An original Stumpjumper is displayed in the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C.[4][8] In 1989, Specialized introduced the Epic, the world's second mass-production carbon fibre mountain bike.[6]In the early 1990s, Specialized introduced the Globe line of urban bikes. The line was the subject of a major relaunch in 2009,[9] which saw Globe become its own distinct brand.[10] The Globe brand has since been discontinued, and Specialized now markets "lifestyle" bikes under its main brand.[11] In 1995, Specialized launched the Full Force brand.[12] Full Force was a lower-end mountain bike brand sold through sports stores and discount retailers such as Costco.[4] The move angered some Specialized dealers. In 1996, Specialized withdrew the Full Force line and Mike Sinyard wrote a letter of apology to dealers.[4][13] By the end of 1996, Specialized had lost 30% of its bike shop sales and, according to Sinyard, "came within a few hundred dollars of declaring bankruptcy".[4] In 2001, Merida Bikes of Taiwan bought 49% of Specialized for a reported US$30 million. Mike Sinyard remained majority owner and CEO of the company.[14][15] {{As of|2016}}, Specialized is one of the biggest bicycle brands operating in the United States, alongside Trek Bicycle Corporation and Giant Bicycles.[16] In 2012 Specialized issued a recall on about 12,000 bicycles sold through retailers from 2007 until July 2012 for a faulty front fork.[17] Recalled models include the company's Globe products. A customized version of the Specialized Rockhopper mountain bike is currently used by the London Ambulance Service to equip their Cycle Response Units which operate in congested areas of the city.[18] LitigationIn 1990, Specialized tried to sue RockShox Inc, claiming the company's name too closely resembled the bicycle model name Rockhopper[19] The case was ultimately dismissed with prejudice. In 2006 Specialized sued Mountain Cycle over its use of the model name "Stumptown" (nickname for Portland), alleging it resembled the Specialized model name Stumpjumper.[20] Mountain Cycle closed doors shortly thereafter. In 2009 Specialized had a trademark dispute with a manufacturer of bicycle bags, Epic Designs, now Revelate Designs. In 2010 Specialized took NASCAR racing driver & team owner Robby Gordon to court over the logo used for his own "Speed energy drink", claiming it was visually similar to their own 'S' logo. Gordon sued Specialized after receiving a cease-and-desist letter in September 2010 and Specialized then counter-sued Gordon.[21] Gordon was ordered by the court to remove the Speed 'S' logo from his racecars and later agreed with Specialized he would change the drink's logo. In 2011 Portland wheel builder Epic Wheel Works was forced to change its name due to potential trademark conflict with Specialized.[22] In 2012 the company sued two former employees after they started the bicycle brand Volagi Cycles, for theft of trade secrets and breach of employment contract, as well as other charges. Of Specialized's nine claims, eight were thrown out of court, and the jury awarded Specialized one dollar in damages on the remaining count (breach of employment contract) that went to trial.[23][24][25] It was estimated by (Volagi's founders) Choi and Forsman's attorney, Tyler Paetkau, that Specialized incurred more than $2M in legal fees to practice "competition by litigation." [26] In September 2016, Volagi announced that it would close its doors after a founding member was injured in a bicycle accident involving an automobile.[27] In 2013 Specialized mailed a small bike shop owner in Canada a cease and desist letter over its use of the city name Roubaix in its shop name and wheels, the name of a town in France that rose to prominence as a textile center in the 15th century [28] and has hosted an iconic bicycle race since 1896.[29][30] This follows on from Specialized's trademarking of the word in Canada. The situation and behavior towards the shop owner caused some reactions from cyclists worldwide in the days after a story on the matter was published by the Calgary Herald in early December 2013.[31][32] On 9 December Fuji Bikes owner, Advanced Sports International of Philadelphia said that in fact, they are the legal owner of worldwide rights to the Roubaix trademark. Fuji has had a Fuji Roubaix road bike model in its lineup since 1992, and has licensed the name to Specialized since 2003.[33] The dispute between Specialized, ASI and the Canadian shop owner was resolved in December 2013, and Specialized vowed to be more cautious in its pursuit of trademark violators going forward.[34] In 2014, Specialized forced bicycle builder Neil Pryde to change the name of their Alize bike model.[35] Professional rider sponsorshipMany riders in recent years have used Specialized bicycles in the North American and European professional cycling circuits. In 2016, the professional road teams sponsored by Specialized are Etixx–Quick-Step, Astana Pro Team, Boels–Dolmans and Axeon–Hagens Berman.[36][37] Mountain bike riders sponsored by Specialized include the downhill world champion Loïc Bruni, who rides for the Specialized Gravity Team, Finn Iles,[38] Jaroslav Kulhavy, Christoph Sauser, Lea Davison, Martin Soderstrom, Simon Andreassen, Sam Gaze, Hannah Barnes, Annika Langvad, Mitch Ropelato, Curtis Keene, 2:1 Racing, Nicholi Rogatkin, Dylan Dunkerton, Curtis Robinson, Matt Hunter and Howard Grotts.[36] Sponsored triathletes include Brent McMahon, Jenson Button, Rubén Ruzafa, Non Stanford, Conrad Stoltz, Richard Murray, Melissa Hauschildt, Tim Don, Lisa Norden, Chris McCormack, Francisco Javier Gómez Noya, Gwen Jorgensen, Lucy Charles and Benjamin Hoffman.[36] References1. ^1 {{cite web|title=Specialized Bicycle Components Inc.|url=https://www.forbes.com/forbes/2011/0523/opinions-rich-karlgaard-innovation-rules-hippie-capitalist.html}} 2. ^1 {{cite journal|date=1992-08-01|title=Reinventing the wheel|journal=The Economist|volume=324|issue=7770|pages=61–62}} 3. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.moneyweek.com/news-and-charts/entrepreneurs-my-first-million-mike-sinyard-specialized-45339.aspx|title=Mike Sinyard: Riding the mountain bike craze to a fortune |last=Clarke|first=Jody|date=2009-09-18|work=Moneyweek|accessdate=2009-09-25}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite news|url=http://money.cnn.com/2008/05/15/smbusiness/specialized_bikes.fsb/index.htm?postversion=2008052000|title=King of the mountain bike|last=Overfelt|first=Maggie|date=2008-05-20|publisher=CNN Money|accessdate=2009-09-25}} 5. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.superbrands.uk.com/programmes/issues/13/CB07_Specialized.pdf|title=Specialized|date=2008–2009|work=Cool Brands|page=120|accessdate=2009-09-25}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}} 6. ^1 {{cite news|url=http://www.bikeradar.com/news/article/interview-specialized-founder-mike-sinyard-28233|title=Interview: Specialized founder Mike Sinyard|first=Seb|last=Rogers|work=What Mountain Bike|date=23 October 2010|accessdate=23 October 2010}} 7. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.bikeradar.com/gear/category/bikes/mountain/product/stumpjumper-comp-ht-09-33627|title=Specialized Bicycles Stumpjumper Comp HT (09)|last=Rogers|first=Seb|publisher=BikeRadar|accessdate=2009-09-27}} 8. ^{{cite news|title=Mountain bike founders still cycling|last=Eng|first=Sherri|date=1994-09-26|work=Calgary Herald|page=C1}} 9. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.bikeradar.com/news/article/specialized-relaunch-globe-urban-brand-23170|title=Specialized relaunch Globe urban brand|last=Boulanger|first=Gary|date=2009-09-16|publisher=BikeRadar|accessdate=2009-09-29}} 10. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.roadbikeaction.com/fly.aspx?layout=content&taxid=67&cid=1703|title=Tech features: Specialized launches Globe brand|last=Booth|first=Philip|date=2009-06-12|work=Road Bike Action Magazine|accessdate=2009-09-29}} 11. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.outsideonline.com/1977901/giant-just-released-gorgeous-low-cost-commuter|title=Giant Just Released a Gorgeous, Low-Cost Commuter|first=Aaron|last=Gulley|work=Outside|date=8 May 2015|accessdate=2 April 2016}} 12. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.bikeradar.com/news/article/cannondale-purchase-raises-ire-of-specialized-founder-15266|title=Cannondale purchase raises ire of Specialized founder|last=Boulanger|first=Gary|date=2008-03-20|publisher=BikeRadar|accessdate=2009-09-27}} 13. ^{{cite news|url=http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19961226&slug=2366845|title=Mountain-bike innovator now rolling with the punches Specialized has matured with founder|last=Kaufman|first=Steve|date=1996-12-26|work=The Seattle Times|accessdate=2009-09-27}} 14. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.bike-eu.com/news/679/merida-buys-not-49%25-but-19%25-of-specialized.html|archive-url=https://archive.is/20070504053149/http://www.bike-eu.com/news/679/merida-buys-not-49%25-but-19%25-of-specialized.html|dead-url=yes|archive-date=2007-05-04|title=Merida buys not 49% but 19% of Specialized|date=2001-08-07|publisher=Bike Europe|accessdate=2009-09-27}} 15. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.bike-eu.com/news/680/correction-merida-buys-49%25-of-specialized.html |title=Correction: Merida Buys 49% of Specialized |date=2001-08-08 |publisher=Bike Europe |accessdate=2010-08-19 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090415102904/http://www.bike-eu.com/news/680/correction-merida-buys-49%25-of-specialized.html |archivedate=15 April 2009 |df= }} 16. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.bicycleretailer.com/retail-news/2016/02/25/big-three-brands-duke-it-out-march-discounts#.Vv7Lqtv2bg8|title=Big Three brands duke it out with March discounts|first=Stephen|last=Frothingham|work=Bicycle Retailer|date=25 February 2016|accessdate=1 April 2016}} 17. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2012/09/25/us/bike-recall/index.html|title=Bicycles recalled after faulty part leads to falls|date=2012-09-26|publisher=CNN|accessdate=2012-09-26}} 18. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.londonambulance.nhs.uk/calling_999/who_will_treat_you/single_responder/cycle_responder.aspx |title=London Ambulance Service - Cycle responder |website=www.londonambulance.nhs.uk |publisher=London Ambulance Service NHS Trust |accessdate=20 July 2016 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402031208/http://www.londonambulance.nhs.uk/calling_999/who_will_treat_you/single_responder/cycle_responder.aspx |archivedate=2 April 2016 |df= }} 19. ^http://www.plainsite.org/flashlight/case.html?id=2173443{{dead link|date=January 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 20. ^{{cite web|url=http://bikeportland.org/2006/01/31/specialized-mountain-cycle-disagree-on-stumptown-864|title=Specialized, Mountain Cycle disagree on "Stumptown" - BikePortland.org|work=BikePortland.org}} 21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/Daily/Issues/2010/11/Issue-50/Sponsorships-Advertising-Marketing/Judge-Forces-Robby-Gordon-To-Remove-Logos-From-Energy-Drink.aspx|title=Judge Forces Robby Gordon To Remove Logos From Energy Drink|work=sportsbusinessdaily.com}} 22. ^{{cite web|url=http://bikeportland.org/2011/03/10/epic-wheel-works-will-change-name-due-to-potential-trademark-conflict-with-specialized-49504|title=Epic Wheel Works will change name due to potential trademark conflict with Specialized|work=BikePortland.org}} 23. ^{{ cite web | last=Fretz | first=Caley | title=Specialized sues Volagi over Liscio road bike | url=http://velonews.competitor.com/2012/01/bikes-and-tech/specialized-sues-volagi-over-liscio-road-bike_201808 | date=2012-01-03 | publisher=Velo News | accessdate=18 April 2014 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150105040154/http://velonews.competitor.com/2012/01/bikes-and-tech/specialized-sues-volagi-over-liscio-road-bike_201808 | archive-date=2015-01-05 | dead-url=no }} 24. ^{{ cite web | url=http://velonews.competitor.com/2012/01/news/an-expensive-dollar-volagi-owes-specialized-1_203443 | title=An expensive dollar: Volagi owes Specialized $1 | publisher=Velonews.competitor.com | last=Zinn | first=Lennard | date=2012-01-13 | accessdate=2014-06-04 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170625045456/http://www.velonews.com/2012/01/news/an-expensive-dollar-volagi-owes-specialized-1_203443 | archive-date=2017-06-25 | dead-url=no }} 25. ^{{ cite web | url=http://www.mercurynews.com/2012/01/13/legal-feud-between-bike-giant-specialized-and-bay-area-startup-ends-in-mixed-verdict/ | title=Legal feud between bike giant Specialized and Bay Area startup ends in mixed verdict | publisher=Mercury News, Bay Area News Group | last=Mintz | first=Howard | date=2012-01-13 | accessdate=2017-09-14 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170501201109/http://www.mercurynews.com/2012/01/13/legal-feud-between-bike-giant-specialized-and-bay-area-startup-ends-in-mixed-verdict/ | archive-date=2017-05-01 | dead-url=no }} 26. ^{{ cite web | last=Payne | first=Paul | title=Jury awards $1 to Specialized in Cotati bike feud case | url=http://www.pressdemocrat.com/csp/mediapool/sites/PressDemocrat/News/story.csp?cid=2021152&sid=555&fid=181 | publisher=THE PRESS DEMOCRAT | date=2012-01-13 | accessdate=2017-09-14 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914035649/http://www.pressdemocrat.com/csp/mediapool/sites/PressDemocrat/News/story.csp?cid=2021152&sid=555&fid=181 | archive-date=2017-09-14 | dead-url=no }} 27. ^{{cite web | last=MacMichael | first=Simon | url=http://road.cc/content/news/206543-us-bike-maker-volagi-cycles-suspends-operation-co-founder-coma |title=US bike maker Volagi Cycles suspends operation with co-founder in coma |format=news article |date=2016-09-30 |accessdate=2018-07-11}} 28. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/510735/Roubaix|accessdate=2013-12-09|title=Roubaix|newspaper=Encyclopædia Britannica}} 29. ^{{cite news|url=http://blogs.calgaryherald.com/2013/12/07/war-veteran-forced-to-change-bike-shops-name-after-threat-from-u-s-bike-giant-specialized/|date=2013-12-07|accessdate=2013-12-07|title=War veteran forced to change bike shop’s name after threat from U.S bike giant Specialized|first=Tom|last=Babin|work=Calgary Herald}} 30. ^{{cite web|url=http://velonews.competitor.com/2013/12/news/must-read-specialized-muscles-vet-over-shops-name_310755|title=Must Read: Specialized muscles vet over shop's name - VeloNews.com|work=VeloNews.com}} 31. ^{{cite web|url=http://velonews.competitor.com/2013/12/bikes-and-tech/specializeds-disastrous-trademark-case-is-unnecessary-to-defend-the-brand_310878|title=Specialized's disastrous trademark case is unnecessary to defend the brand - VeloNews.com|work=VeloNews.com}} 32. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bicycleretailer.com/retail-news/2013/12/09/social-media-explosion-over-specializeds-roubaix-lawsuit#.UqcnsOIg5EI|title=Social media explosion over Specialized's Roubaix lawsuit|work=Bicycle Retailer and Industry News}} 33. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bicycleretailer.com/north-america/2013/12/09/asi-says-calgary-bike-shop-can-use-roubaix-name#.UqcntOIg5EI|title=ASI says Calgary bike shop can use Roubaix name|work=Bicycle Retailer and Industry News}} 34. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bicycleretailer.com/north-america/2013/12/13/asi-specialized-and-cafe-roubaix-%E2%80%98complete-alignment%E2%80%99-over-trademark|title=ASI, Specialized and Cafe Roubaix in ‘complete alignment’ over trademark|work=Bicycle Retailer and Industry News}} 35. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.neilprydebikes.com/news/latest/allez-allez-nazare.html|date=2014-04-04|accessdate=2014-04-06|title=Allez, allez NAZARÉ|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408042620/http://www.neilprydebikes.com/news/latest/allez-allez-nazare.html|archivedate=8 April 2014|df=dmy-all}} 36. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.iamspecialized.com/riders/|title=I Am Specialized Riders|publisher=Specialized|accessdate=28 March 2016}} 37. ^{{cite news|url=http://velonews.competitor.com/2015/08/news/axeon-team-to-become-axeon-hagens-berman-for-2016_381710|title=Axeon team to become Axeon Hagens Berman for 2016|first=Michael|last=Better|publisher=VeloNews|date=18 August 2015|accessdate=28 March 2016}} 38. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.mbr.co.uk/news/loic-bruni-will-leave-lapierre-for-2016-season-335688|title=Loic Bruni signs with Specialized for 2016|first=James|last=Smurthwaite|work=Mountain Bike Rider|date=6 January 2016|accessdate=28 March 2016}} Further reading
External links{{commons category}}
7 : Companies based in Morgan Hill, California|Mountain bike manufacturers|Cycle manufacturers of the United States|Specialized Bicycle Components|1974 establishments in California|American companies established in 1974|Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1974 |
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