| 词条 | Speedwell Ironworks |
| 释义 |
| name =The Factory, Speedwell Village | nrhp_type = nhl | image =Speedwell Ironworks factory building.jpg | caption =The Factory House, birthplace of the electric telegraph | location = 333 Speedwell Avenue, Morristown, New Jersey[1] | area = | coordinates = {{coord|40|48|50.976|N|74|28|49.7568|W|display=inline,title}} | locmapin = USA New Jersey Morris County#New Jersey#USA | built = 1837 | architect = | architecture = | designated_nrhp_type= May 30, 1974[1] | added = September 13, 1974[3] | visitation_num = | visitation_year = | refnum = 74001186[2] | mpsub = | governing_body = }} Speedwell Ironworks was an ironworks in Speedwell Village, on Speedwell Avenue (part of U.S. Route 202), just north of downtown Morristown, in Morris County, New Jersey, United States. At this site Alfred Vail and Samuel Morse first demonstrated the electric telegraph.[5] Speedwell Ironworks also provided most of the machinery for the SS Savannah, the first steamship to cross the Atlantic Ocean. HistorySituated at a natural gorge of the Whippany River, several hydraulic powered forges existed, predating the establishment of the ironworks by Stephen Vail and two business partners. Vail became sole owner of the works in 1815 and expanded it, producing a variety of agricultural and industrial machinery. The ironworks innovated the first durable iron tire for railroad locomotives in January 1836. With changing industrial trends and a decline in the flow of the Whippany River, the ironworks were shut down in 1873, its equipment being sold to ironworks in Brooklyn, Coatbridge, Scotland. The remains of the factory buildings burned in 1908, and the few surviving walls and foundations remain unrestored. Stephen Vail also bought an adjacent {{convert|40|acre|m2|adj=on}} lot to which he eventually retreated in 1844 for an active retirement. The Vail Homestead or Speedwell Village, as it is now known, is the site of Historic Speedwell, a National Historic Landmark, part of the Morris County Park Commission. The site is set up as an open-air 19th century farm, complete with residential buildings, a granary and carriage house. The museum includes nine buildings furnished to depict life at Speedwell during the early 19th century. The Vail House, a historic house museum restored to 1840s period style, possesses some original family furniture and Vail memorabilia. The Wheel House houses an operational {{convert|24|ft|m|sing=on}} overshot waterwheel. The Granary displays hand-crafted wooden farm tools and ice-harvesting equipment. The Homestead Carriage House houses an exhibit on the SS Savannah, the first steamship to cross the Atlantic Ocean, with an engine built at the Speedwell Ironworks, and an exhibit about the history of the ironworks. The Ford Cottage is a 19th-century saltbox cottage, the Moses Estey House is an 18th-century Georgian mansion, and the early 19th century L'Hommedieu-Gwinnup House houses changing exhibits and education space. TelegraphOf particular interest is the old Factory Building, a National Historic Landmark, which Stephen Vail had constructed for hobby purposes upon his retirement. It is the site of the first public demonstration of the electromagnetic telegraph on January 11, 1838. Although Morse and Alfred Vail had done most of the research and development in the ironworks facilities, they chose the factory house as the demonstration site. Without the repeater, the range of the telegraph was limited to two miles (3 km), and the inventors had pulled two miles (3 km) of wires inside the factory house through an elaborate scheme. The first public transmission was witnessed by a mostly local crowd. The Speedwell Village was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1974, preserving seven buildings.[1][3] See also
References1. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1454&ResourceType=Building|title=The Factory, Speedwell Village |accessdate=2007-10-20|work=National Historic Landmark summary listing|publisher=National Park Service}} 2. ^1 {{NRISref|version=2010a}} 3. ^1 {{Cite journal|title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: The Factory - The Speedwell Village / The Factory|url={{NHLS url|id=74001186}} |format=pdf|date=January 20, 1974 |author=James W. Sheire |publisher=National Park Service|postscript=.}} and {{NHLS url|id=74001186|title=Accompanying one photo, exterior, undated|photos=y}} {{small|(32 KB)}} External links
10 : Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in New Jersey|National Historic Landmarks in New Jersey|Industrial buildings completed in 1837|Marine engine manufacturers|Industry museums in New Jersey|Technology museums in New Jersey|Museums in Morris County, New Jersey|Communications in New Jersey|National Register of Historic Places in Morris County, New Jersey|Morristown, New Jersey |
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