“Eureka, Nevada”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Eureka is an unincorporated town and census-designated places in and the county seat of Eureka County, Nevada, United States.^[1]^[2] With a population of 610 as of the 2010 census,^[3] it is by far the largest community in Eureka County. Attractions include the Eureka Opera House (built in 1880 and restored in 1993), Raine’s Market and Wildlife Museum (built 1887), the Jackson House Hotel (built 1877), and the Eureka Sentinel Museum (housed in the 1879 Eureka Sentinel Newspaper Building).

Geography and climate

Eureka is located at {{Coord|39.51159|-115.961723|type:city_region:US-NV|format=dms}},^[4] in the southern part of Eureka County, at {{Convert|6481|ft}} in the Diamond Mountains, in a draw on the southern end of Diamond Valley, between Antelope and Newark valleys. At the 2010 census, the population of the census-designated place of Eureka was 610,^[3] while the total population of Eureka and the surrounding area (census tract 1 — Eureka CCD) was 1,373.^[5]

The town is located along the Lincoln Highway / U.S. Route 50, nicknamed "The Loneliest Road in America": aptly named, as the nearest towns along the highway are Austin ({{convert|70|mi|abbr=on|disp=or}} west) and Ely ({{convert|77|mi|abbr=on|disp=or}} east). The nearest town is Duckwater, {{convert|46|mi|abbr=on}} south.

The climate is typical of the Great Basin: hot and dry with cool mornings in the summer with occasional monsoonal thunderstorms from late July through August; cold and relatively dry in the winter. Temperatures drop to {{convert|0|°F|°C|1|disp=or}} or lower on an average 4.7 mornings during the winter, though in the severe winter of 1916/1917 this happened twenty-five times. They drop to {{convert|32|F|C|disp=or}} on an average 181.3 mornings, though maximum temperatures top freezing on all but 26.3 days during an average winter. During the summer temperatures rise to {{convert|90|F|C|1|disp=or}} or hotter on 11.8 afternoons, though {{convert|100|F|C|1|disp=or}} has never been reached with the hottest temperature being {{convert|99|F|C|1|disp=or}} on July 14, 1955. Snow accumulations vary from {{convert|10|to|30|in|m|2}} in mild winters to in excess of {{convert|80|in|m|2}} in more severe years; in the winter of 1906/1907, more than {{convert|150|in|m|2|disp=or}} of snow fell.

The wettest calendar year has been 1941 with {{convert|23.86|in|mm|1}} and the driest 2008 with {{convert|5.64|in|mm|1}}, whilst May 1917 with {{convert|5.73|in|mm|1}} has been the wettest single month. The snowiest month has been March 1902 with {{convert|54.0|in|m|2|disp=or}} of fresh snowfall.

{{Weather box
|location = Eureka, Nevada (Elevation {{convert|6,500|ft|m|-2|disp=or}}); 1971-2000
|single line = Y
|Jan record high F = 61
|Feb record high F = 65
|Mar record high F = 75
|Apr record high F = 81
|May record high F = 91
|Jun record high F = 95
|Jul record high F = 98
|Aug record high F = 97
|Sep record high F = 90
|Oct record high F = 86
|Nov record high F = 72
|Dec record high F = 63
|year record high F = 98
|Jan high F = 36.9
|Feb high F = 40.7
|Mar high F = 46.9
|Apr high F = 54.9
|May high F = 64.5
|Jun high F = 75.8
|Jul high F = 84.5
|Aug high F = 82.6
|Sep high F = 73.5
|Oct high F = 61.3
|Nov high F = 46.0
|Dec high F = 38.1
|year high F = 58.8
|Jan low F = 16.3
|Feb low F = 19.3
|Mar low F = 24.0
|Apr low F = 28.8
|May low F = 36.5
|Jun low F = 44.6
|Jul low F = 52.4
|Aug low F = 51.6
|Sep low F = 43.7
|Oct low F = 33.6
|Nov low F = 23.4
|Dec low F = 16.7
|year low F = 32.6
|Jan record low F = −26
|Feb record low F = −23
|Mar record low F = −9
|Apr record low F = 5
|May record low F = 10
|Jun record low F = 11
|Jul record low F = 29
|Aug record low F = 30
|Sep record low F = 5
|Oct record low F = 3
|Nov record low F = −11
|Dec record low F = −21
|year record low F= −26
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 1.00
|Feb precipitation inch = 0.91
|Mar precipitation inch = 1.45
|Apr precipitation inch = 1.16
|May precipitation inch = 1.54
|Jun precipitation inch = 0.74
|Jul precipitation inch = 0.55
|Aug precipitation inch = 0.83
|Sep precipitation inch = 1.00
|Oct precipitation inch = 1.05
|Nov precipitation inch = 0.95
|Dec precipitation inch = 0.88
|Jan precipitation days = 5.9
|Feb precipitation days = 5.3
|Mar precipitation days = 7.6
|Apr precipitation days = 5.9
|May precipitation days = 6.2
|Jun precipitation days = 4.2
|Jul precipitation days = 3.3
|Aug precipitation days = 3.9
|Sep precipitation days = 3.8
|Oct precipitation days = 4.5
|Nov precipitation days = 4.7
|Dec precipitation days = 5.6
|unit precipitation days = 0.01 inch
|Jan snow inch = 12.7
|Feb snow inch = 6.9
|Mar snow inch = 11.4
|Apr snow inch = 6.6
|May snow inch = 4.0
|Jun snow inch = 0.1
|Jul snow inch = 0.0
|Aug snow inch = 0.0
|Sep snow inch = 0.7
|Oct snow inch = 2.0
|Nov snow inch = 7.3
|Dec snow inch = 9.4
|Jan snow days = 5.2
|Feb snow days = 3.8
|Mar snow days = 4.7
|Apr snow days = 2.6
|May snow days = 1.2
|Jun snow days = 0.1
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.2
|Oct snow days = 1.0
|Nov snow days = 2.7
|Dec snow days = 4.4
|unit snow days = 0.1 inch
|source 1 = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration^[6]
|source 2 = National Weather Service, Elko, Nevada^[7]
|date=November 2013
}}

History

The town was first settled in 1864 by a group of silver prospectors from nearby Austin, who discovered rock containing a silver-lead ore on nearby Prospect Peak. According to tradition, the town was named from an incident when a prospector exclaimed "Eureka!" when he discovered deposits of silver ore.^[8] The town became the county seat in 1873, when Eureka County was carved out of adjacent Lander, Elko, and White Pine counties.

Mining, especially for lead, was the town's economic mainstay,^[9] as the nearby hillsides ranked as Nevada's second-richest mineral producer, behind western Nevada's Comstock Lode. Two of the largest concerns in Eureka were the Richmond Mining Company and the Eureka Mining Company. These two companies often collided, and in one instance, their litigation reached the U.S Supreme Court.^[10] The population boomed, reaching a high of 10,000 by 1878, but shrank as decreasing mine production and changing market conditions led to the closing of mines.

The town was serviced by the narrow gauge Eureka and Palisade Railroad from 1873 to 1938.

Public services

Eureka is served by an all-volunteer fire department, which provides fire protection, rescue, and vehicle rescue services for Eureka and the surrounding areas. In 2009 a new brick and steel fire house was built on Main Street in Eureka. At the time of its building it was the second largest fire house in the state. In addition to being a modern fire fighting facility, it contains a museum of Eureka fire department equipment and vehicles dating back to the 1870s. The fire-museum may be viewed through the large glass windows, or a tour may be taken by contacting a local fireman.

Eureka boasts three parks, a modern enclosed swimming facility, two baseball fields, a track, and football field.

The 1880s Eureka Opera House was re-modeled in recent times and regularly schedules performers.^[11]

The 1876 Eureka Court House is both historic and modern. It stands as the functioning governmental and legal center of Eureka County.

Celebrations

July 4, Independence Day, is a huge celebration in Eureka. The Eureka Volunteer Fire Department organizes a parade followed by street events, which require closing central Eureka to vehicular traffic. At 9pm the Eureka Volunteer Fire Department stages a fireworks display.

Sports

The Eureka County High School houses students in grades 7 - 12, and underwent an $8,000,000 renovation in 2006. The Eureka Elementary School houses students in grades pre-school - 6 and is a modern facility built in 1996 at a cost of $17,500,000. The high school mascot is the Vandals, and school colors are green and gold. The school offers academic olympics, basketball, wrestling, football, baseball, softball, volleyball, and track.

Transportation

Notable people

Gallery

References

1. ^{{cite web|title=Eureka County Code - Title 12- Town of Eureka|publisher=Eureka County|url=http://www.co.eureka.nv.us/county%20code/Title%2012%20Town%20of%20Eureka.pdf|accessdate=2017-10-16}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |accessdate=2011-06-07 |title=Find a County |publisher=National Association of Counties |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |archivedate=2011-05-31 |df= }}
3. ^¹{{cite web| url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/G001/1600000US3223900| title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Eureka CDP, Nevada| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder| accessdate=February 16, 2016}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/searchresults.xhtml?refresh=t |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110212194457/http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/searchresults.xhtml?refresh=t |dead-url=yes |archive-date=2011-02-12 |title=American FactFinder - Eureka CCD, Eureka County, Nevada |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |df= }}
6. ^{{cite web| url = https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/climatenormals/clim20/nv/262708.pdf| title = Climatography of the United States No. 20: 1971-2000 | accessdate = November 20, 2016 | publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | language = }}
7. ^{{cite web| url = http://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=lkn| title = National Weatehr Service Forecast Office, Elko, NV | accessdate = November 20, 2016 | publisher = National Weather Service | language = }}
8. ^{{cite book | url=http://dwgateway.library.unr.edu/keck/histtopoNV/Origin_of_Place_Names_Files/1941NevadaOriginofNames-pt1.pdf | title=Origin of Place Names: Nevada | publisher=W.P.A. | author=Federal Writers' Project | year=1941 | pages=34}}
9. ^{{Cite web| title = Eureka, Nevada| work = Western Mining History| accessdate = 2012-03-18| url = http://www.westernmininghistory.com/towns/nevada/eureka/}}
10. ^
11. ^{{Cite web| title = Eureka Opera House| work = Eureka County, Nevada -- Official Home Page| accessdate = 2012-03-18| url = http://www.co.eureka.nv.us/opera/opera01.htm}}
12. ^Biographical Directory of the United States Congress