| 词条 | Spintharus |
| 释义 |
| image = Cobweb Spider - Spintharus flavidus, Catoctin Mountains, Maryland.jpg | image_caption = S. flavidus from Maryland. | taxon = Spintharus | authority = Hentz, 1850[1][2] | diversity_link = List of Theridiidae species#Spintharus | diversity = c. 18 extant species; 1 fossil species | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = See text. | type_species=Spintharus flavidus | type_species_authority=Hentz, 1850[1] }} The spider genus Spintharus occurs from the northeastern United States to Brazil. Nicholas Marcellus Hentz circumscribed the genus in 1850, initially as a monospecific genus containing his newly described species S. flavidus.[2] It is very similar to the genus Thwaitesia, and both are similar to Episinus. Unlike Argyrodes, they have two setae in place of a colulus. Specimens of S. flavidus are variable in structure. Only some have an elevated eye region or humps on the anterior of the abdomen. Females of S. gracilis are 3.7mm long, males 2.3mm. A revision of the genus by {{ill|Ingi Agnarsson|nl}} and colleagues printed in 2018 included the description of fifteen new species, as well as the removal of S. argenteus.[5] Some of the new specific names were named in honor of political figures, artists, and celebrities.[1] As of 2017, when the electronic pre-print was published, Spintharus was the spider genus with the most species named after celebrities.[7] An earlier revision of the genus was by Herbert Walter Levi; his taxonomy recognized two species: S. flavidus and S. gracilis.[8][9] Species{{As of|2018}}, the World Spider Catalog (WSC), largely following Agnarsson and colleagues, accepts the following extant species:[5][1]
Although {{as of|2018|lc=y}}, the WSC accepts S. argenteus as a species, Agnarsson and colleagues argued it to be a nomen dubium or at the very least misplaced in this genus saying it might belong in the family Tetragnathidae.[5] Levi had also earlier said this species "is probably not a Spintharus".[8]{{rp|79}} The WSC also recognizes one fossil species in the genus:[2]
Formerly accepted species in Spintharus include:[1]
References1. ^{{cite news|last1=Guarino|first1=Ben|title=Meet Bernie Sanders’s new namesake: A spider from Cuba|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/speaking-of-science/wp/2017/09/26/meet-bernie-sanderss-new-namesake-a-spider-from-cuba/|work=Washington Post|date=26 September 2017}} [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]2. ^{{cite web|last1=Dunlop|first1=J. A.|last2=Penny|first2=D.|last3=Jekel|first3=D.|title=A summary list of fossil spiders and their relatives|url=http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/resources/fossils/Fossils18.0.pdf#page=162|website=World Spider Catalog|publisher=Natural History Museum Bern|accessdate=28 September 2017|date=2017|version=18.5|page=161}} 3. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal|last1=Agnarsson|first1=Ingi|last2=Van Patten|first2=Chloe|last3=Sargeant|first3=Lily|last4=Chomitz|first4=Ben|last5=Dziki|first5=Austin|last6=Binford|first6=Greta J.|title=A radiation of the ornate Caribbean 'smiley-faced spiders', with descriptions of 15 new species (Araneae: Theridiidae, Spintharus)|journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society|date=2018|volume=182|issue=4|pages=758–790|doi=10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx056}} 4. ^1 2 {{cite journal|last1=Hentz|first1=Nicholas Marcellus|title=Descriptions and Figures of the Araneides of the United States|journal=Boston Journal of Natural History|date=1850|volume=6|issue=2|pages=283–284|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/32406970|postscript=; [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/32406987 Pl. 10], Fig. 8.}} 5. ^1 2 {{cite journal|last1=Levi|first1=Herbert W.|title=The Spider Genera Episinus and Spintharus from North America, Central America and the West Indies (Araneæ: Theridiidæ)|journal=Journal of the New York Entomological Society|date=1954|volume=62|issue=2|pages=65–90|jstor=25005540|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/50769821}} 6. ^1 2 {{cite journal|last1=Levi|first1=Herbert W.|title=The American Spider Genera Spintharus and Thwaitesia (Araneae Theridiidae)|journal=Psyche: A Journal of Entomology|date=1963|volume=70|issue=4|pages=223–234|doi=10.1155/1963/54690|doi-access=free|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/50905459}} 7. ^1 {{cite journal|last1=Bryant|first1=Elizabeth B.|title=Notes on the Spiders of the Virgin Islands|journal=Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoölogy at Harvard College|date=1942|volume=89|issue=7|pages=343–344|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2792357}} 8. ^1 {{cite journal|last1=Levi|first1=Herbert W.|title=The spider genera Achaearanea, Theridion and Sphyrotinus from Mexico, Central America and the West Indies (Araneae, Theridiidae)|journal=Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoölogy at Harvard College|date=1959|volume=121|issue=3|page=116|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4778761}} 9. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web |title=Gen. Spintharus Hentz, 1850 |work=World Spider Catalog |publisher=Natural History Museum Bern |url=http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/genus/3541 |accessdate=2 May 2018}} 10. ^1 {{cite journal|last1=Mammola|first1=Stefano|last2=Michalik|first2=Peter|last3=Hebets|first3=Eileen A.|last4=Isaia|first4=Marco|title=Record breaking achievements by spiders and the scientists who study them|journal=PeerJ|date=2017|volume=5|issue=e3972|pages=12–13|doi=10.7717/peerj.3972}} }} External links
4 : Theridiidae|Araneomorphae genera|Spiders of North America|Spiders of South America |
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