“Sports in Chicago”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Sports in Chicago include many professional sports teams. Chicago is one of ten U.S. cities to have teams from the five major American professional team sports (baseball, football, basketball, hockey, soccer). Chicago has been named as the Best Sports City by Sporting News three times in 1993, 2006, and 2010.

Chicago was a candidate city for the 2016 Summer Olympics but lost to Rio de Janeiro.^[1] Chicago also hosted the 1959 Pan American Games, the 2006 Gay Games, as well as the 1968 and 1970 Special Olympics Summer World Games. Chicago was the host of the 2017 Warrior Games.

Major league teams

The following is a list of active, professional major-league Chicago sports teams, ranked by attendance:

Baseball (MLB)

Chicago is one of four metro areas in the United States that has two Major League Baseball teams, the other three being Los Angeles, New York, and the San Francisco Bay Area, and is one of only two, along with New York, which has both teams in the central city.

The city has two Major League Baseball (MLB) teams: the Chicago Cubs of the National League (NL), who play in Wrigley Field on the North Side; and the Chicago White Sox of the American League (AL), who play in Guaranteed Rate Field on the South Side. Chicago is the only city that has had more than one MLB franchise every year since the AL began in 1901 (New York only hosted one between 1958 and early 1962, and Los Angeles has only done so since 1961).

The Chicago Cubs of the National League play at Wrigley Field, which is located in the north side neighborhood of Lakeview, the western part of which is commonly referred to as "Wrigleyville."^[2] The Cubs' rivalry with the St. Louis Cardinals is one of the most bitter in North American professional sports. The Cubs are the oldest team to play continuously in the same city since the formation of the National League in 1876.^[3]

The Cubs are the oldest Major League Baseball team to have never changed their city, one of nine out of the sixteen teams to predate expansion that have not changed cities. They have played in Chicago since 1871, and continuously so since 1874 due to the Great Chicago Fire. They have played more games, have more wins and scored more runs than any other team in Major League baseball since 1876.^[4] They have won three World Series titles and are fifth among National League teams with 16 pennants. In 2016, the Cubs broke the two longest droughts in professional sports: They won their sport's title for the first time since 1908 a drought of 108 years, and participated in a World Series for the first time since 1945 a drought of 71 years, both records in their respective rights.

The Chicago White Sox of the American League play at Guaranteed Rate Field, which is located in the South Side neighborhood of Armour Square. They have played in Chicago since the formation of the American League in 1900.

The White Sox have played on the South Side continuously since 1901, with all three of their home fields throughout the years being within mere blocks of one another. They have won three World Series titles (1906, 1917, 2005) and six American League pennants, including the first in 1901. The Sox are fifth in the American League in all-time wins, and sixth in pennants.

Basketball (NBA, WNBA)

The Chicago Bulls of the National Basketball Association is a professional basketball team. Michael Jordan and Scottie Pippen led the Bulls to six NBA championships in two "threepeats" from 1991–1993 and again from 1996–1998.^[5]^[6] The new generation of Bulls, known as "The Baby Bulls", emerged in 2005.^[7] In 2007, they swept the defending champs, the Miami Heat. In 2011, led by league MVP Derrick Rose, the Bulls made it to the Eastern Finals, losing to the Miami Heat.

Chicago is home to the Chicago Sky of the Women's National Basketball Association.

Football (NFL)

The Chicago Bears of the National Football League play at Soldier Field. The Bears' history includes many NFL personalities, including owner George Halas, players Dick Butkus, Gale Sayers, Walter Payton, and coach Mike Ditka. The Bears are one of the original teams of the NFL, founded by Halas in 1919 in Decatur, Illinois. They currently have the most players inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame with 26.^[8] In 1985, the Bears won Super Bowl XX 46-10 over the New England Patriots.^[9] In the 2006 season, the Bears once again made it to the Super Bowl, but lost 29-17 to the Indianapolis Colts.^[10] They were led by coach Lovie Smith.

The Bears' rivalry with the Green Bay Packers dates back the 1920s, and is one of the most intense in American professional sports.^[11] The Bears have other regional and divisional rivalries with the Minnesota Vikings and the Detroit Lions.^[12]

The Bears play their home games at Soldier Field, named after "The men and women of the armed forces". It is located next to the shores of Lake Michigan, on Lake Shore Drive. Soldier Field was an aging stadium and was in dire need of renovation by the end of the 20th century. In 2003, the stadium re-opened after an extensive renovation, which increased the number of luxury boxes and dramatically improved the game day experience for Bears fans. However, because of this renovation, the stadium lost its National Historic Landmark designation on February 17, 2006.

Ice hockey (NHL)

The Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League is the city's professional ice hockey team, and are an Original Six team. The Blackhawks won the Stanley Cup in 1934, 1938, 1961, 2010, 2013,^[13] and again in 2015.^[14] The Blackhawks receive national attention for the intense rivalries with the Detroit Red Wings, also an Original Six team.^[15] Other rivalries include the Vancouver Canucks, St. Louis Blues (former Norris Division rivals), and the Nashville Predators.

Some well-known players include: Stan Mikita, Tony Esposito, Bobby Hull, Keith Magnuson, Glenn Hall, Denis Savard, Steve Larmer, Jeremy Roenick, Chris Chelios, Ed Belfour, Patrick Kane, Patrick Sharp, Marián Hossa, Corey Crawford and the current captain, Jonathan Toews.

Soccer (MLS, NWSL)

Soccer in Chicago, IL can be traced back to Chicago Sparta. Founded in 1917 by immigrant Czechs, Sparta competed in several leagues during its existence.^[16] The club's achievements include: winning the National Soccer League of Chicago; winning 9 titles in Chicago's International League, of which the team was a member 1926–1936; and winning the National Challenge Cup twice.^[17]^[18]

In the 1950s, the Chicago Falcons operated. They won the National Challenge Cup in 1953.^[19]

The Chicago Sting operated 1974–1988. The club competed in the North American Soccer League 1975–1984 and the Major Indoor Soccer League from 1984 until the team's eventual folding. The Sting were the only club other than the New York Cosmos to win multiple titles in the NASL.^[20]

The Chicago Fire, a member of Major League Soccer, have won one MLS Cup and four U.S. Open Cups since they entered the league in 1998. The Fire won their sole MLS Cup in 1998, their inaugural season, led by head coach Bob Bradley, who later went on to coach the U.S. national soccer team.^[21] The Fire have played since 2006 at Toyota Park, a soccer-specific stadium located in the Chicago suburb of Bridgeview near Midway Airport. The Fire have historically drawn an attendance average of over 15,000 fans per game.^[22] The Fire originally played at Soldier Field,^[23] also spending parts of two seasons at Cardinal Stadium in Naperville. Some notable former players include Cuauhtémoc Blanco from Mexico, Brian McBride from the USA, and Peter Nowak from Poland – a demonstration of the team's international flavor.

Chicago is also home to the Chicago Red Stars, currently playing in the National Women's Soccer League. The Red Stars began their second stint at Toyota Park in 2016, having played there previously as a member of the now-defunct Women's Professional Soccer.

Minor league teams

The following is a list of active minor league, semi-pro, and amateur Chicago sports teams, ranked by year of establishment:

Baseball

Non-affiliated baseball teams include the Gary SouthShore RailCats and the Chicago Dogs, members of the independent American Association, and the Schaumburg Boomers, Joliet Slammers and Windy City ThunderBolts (based in Crestwood), members of the independent Frontier League.

Hockey

The Chicago metropolitan area is also home to the Chicago Wolves of the American Hockey League. The Chicago Wolves have been successful, making numerous playoff appearances and winning the Turner and Calder cups many times.{{citation needed|date=January 2014}} Playing in suburban Geneva are the Chicago Steel of the United States Hockey League, a Tier One Junior Hockey league, the only tier one junior league in the United States.{{citation needed|date=January 2014}}

Arena football

The Chicago metropolitan area was also home to the Chicago Rush of the Arena Football League, who played at Allstate Arena in Rosemont. The Rush won its first championship in 2006, ArenaBowl XX.^[25] Chicago was also home to the Chicago Bruisers from 1987 to 1989, an original team in the AFL's inaugural season in 1987. The Bruisers hosted ArenaBowl II.^[26]^[27]

The Chicago Rush has been a member of the Arena Football League since 2001, and won ArenaBowl XX, playing in suburban Rosemont, although they now played in Rockford, as of 2013. The team has been defunct since 2013.

Rugby

The most historically significant event in Chicago's rugby history, however, did not involve a local team. In international rugby union, Soldier Field was the site of the first-ever victory by Ireland over New Zealand, with the Irish defeating the All Blacks 40–29 on November 5, 2016.^[29]

Other sports

Chicago is home to the Chicago Bandits of the National Pro Fastpitch softball league.

Chicago is home to the Chicago Force of the Independent Women's Football League, as well as the Chicago Bliss of the Legends Football League.

The Chicago area has also played host to the WWE's WrestleMania multiple times, most recently for WrestleMania 22.^[30] Five-time world champion CM Punk is a Chicago native who still lives in the city.

Chicago has also hosted major professional wrestling matches, including WrestleMania 22, and several other pay-per-view events, such as Money in the Bank in 2011, Extreme Rules in 2012, and WWE Payback in 2013.^[31]^[32]^[33] The northwest suburb of Hoffman Estates hosted All In in 2018, the first U.S. wrestling event not sponsored by WWE or the now-defunct WCW in 25 years to have sold more than 10,000 tickets.

Starting just off Navy Pier is the Chicago Yacht Club Race to Mackinac, a {{convert|333|mi|nmi km|adj=on}} offshore yacht race held each July. It is the oldest annual freshwater distance race in the world. 2015 marks the 107th running of the "Mac".^[34]

Chicago is home to two all-female roller derby leagues; Chicago Outfit Roller Derby and Windy City Rollers of the Women's Flat Track Derby Association.^[35] As of November 2013, Windy City is ranked 8th worldwide out of over 175 WFTDA members,^[36] hosted the WFTDA Championship in 2010,^[37] and play their home games at UIC Pavilion.^[38]

The Chicago area is also home to the Chicago Red Hots, an amateur roller derby club affiliated with USA Roller Sports under the US Olympic Committee,^[39] who play at the Cicero Stadium. The Red Hots participated in the 2013 National Championship where they placed 4th in the nation.^[40]

College sports

Seven NCAA Division I athletic programs reside in the Chicago metropolitan area. The DePaul Blue Demons, Loyola Ramblers, Chicago State Cougars, and UIC Flames, none of which sponsor football, are all within the city limits. All play their main revenue sport of men's basketball in the city; only DePaul does not play on its campus, instead using Wintrust Arena at the McCormick Place convention center on the Near South Side.

The Northwestern Wildcats, Northern Illinois Huskies, and Valparaiso Crusaders are all programs that play in the surrounding area. Northern Illinois is a Division I Bowl Subdivision school along with Northwestern, which is the only Power Five school in the Chicago area. Although the Illinois Fighting Illini are located two and a half hours south, far outside the metropolitan area, they have a huge following in Chicago, as does the football program of Notre Dame, which is located in South Bend, Indiana, which is an hour and a half to the east.

The Big Ten Conference is headquartered in Rosemont after relocating from another suburb, Park Ridge, in 2013.^[41]

Olympic bids

After a months' long process that saw the elimination of several American and international cities, Chicago was selected on April 14, 2007, to represent the United States internationally in the bidding for the 2016 Summer Olympics.^[42] The International Olympic Committee eventually shortlisted four of the seven applicant cities, where Chicago remained, before Rio de Janeiro was elected as the host in 2009.^[43] Following Chicago's loss in the race for the 2016 Olympics, the USOC bid for the 2024 Olympics with Los Angeles which result in a deal where Los Angeles secured the right to host the 2028 Summer Olympics. Chicago had previously hosted the 1959 Pan American Games. Chicago was selected to host the 1904 Summer Olympics, but they were transferred to St. Louis to coincide with the Louisiana Purchase Exposition.^[44]

Motorsports

The area is home to the Chicagoland Speedway, which is based in Joliet.^[45] The track currently hosts four NASCAR races (GEICO 400, STP 300, Dollar General 300, American Ethanol 225). The track formerly held the Peak Antifreeze Indy 300.^[46]

The Route 66 Raceway is also located in Joliet. The track hosts drag racing events.{{clear}}

Former teams

Baseball

Basketball

Football

Hockey

Lacrosse

Soccer

Tennis

See also

References

1. ^{{cite news|first=Kathy|last=Bergen|first2=Gary|last2=Washburn|date=May 11, 2006|title=City out to prove Olympic mettle|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|page=1}}
2. ^http://www.chicagotraveler.com/neighborhoods/wrigleyville-feature.htm
3. ^Plunkett Sports Industry Almanac (2007), https://books.google.com/books?id=2yQXwMr8HXsC&pg=PT166
4. ^[https://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/ Baseball Reference - MLB Teams and Baseball Encyclopedia]
5. ^{{Cite news|url=http://chicagoist.com/2009/04/06/michael_jordan_elected_to_basketbal.php|title=Michael Jordan Elected to Basketball Hall of Fame|newspaper=Chicagoist|language=en-US|access-date=2017-01-23|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171108060453/http://chicagoist.com/2009/04/06/michael_jordan_elected_to_basketbal.php|archivedate=November 8, 2017|df=mdy-all}}
6. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.sbnation.com/nba/2014/3/25/5533124/chicago-bulls-dynasty-90s-steve-kerr-john-paxson|title=The OTHER members of the Bulls' dynasty|last=Patt|first=Jason|newspaper=SBNation.com|access-date=2017-01-23}}
7. ^ESPN, Seven questions for Baby Bulls, Feb. 14, 2005, http://sports.espn.go.com/nba/columns/story?id=1987619
8. ^http://www.nflteamhistory.com/nfl_teams/chicago_bears/hall_of_famers.html
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nfl.com/superbowl/history/recap/sbxx |title=Super Bowl XX Game Recap |publisher=Nfl.com |date=1986-01-27 |accessdate=2012-08-07}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nfl.com/superbowl/history/recap/sbxli |title=Super Bowl XLI Game Recap |publisher=Nfl.com |date= |accessdate=2012-08-07}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.chicagobears.com/news/NewsStory.asp?STORY_ID=6102 |title=Bears-Packers set to resume fierce rivalry |publisher=Chicagobears.com |date= |accessdate=2012-08-07}}
12. ^{{cite web|last=Klonke |first=Chuck |url=http://www.detroitlions.com/news/article-1/Lions-Bears-rivalry-runs-deep/d84fe1f3-bccc-4c77-b300-36c0310f1e3c |title=Lions, Bears rivalry runs deep |publisher=Detroitlions.com |date=2011-11-13 |accessdate=2012-08-07}}
13. ^{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/10/sports/hockey/10flyers.html?pagewanted=all | work=The New York Times | first=Jeff Z. | last=Klein | title=Blackhawks Win First Stanley Cup in 49 Years | date=June 9, 2010}}
14. ^Hawks-Bruins is first Original Six Final since '79, June 9, 2013, http://blackhawks.nhl.com/club/news.htm?id=673382
15. ^The origins of hate, August 15, 2012, http://espn.go.com/nhl/story/_/id/7552171/nhl-examining-chicago-blackhawks-detroit-red-wings-rivalry-espn-magazine
16. ^http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/3345.html
17. ^http://homepages.sover.net/~spectrum/nsl.html
18. ^http://homepages.sover.net/~spectrum/slsl.html
19. ^http://homepages.sover.net/~spectrum/year/1953.html
20. ^https://web.archive.org/web/20110511081420/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1123547/1/index.htm
21. ^US Soccer, U.S. Men's National Team Head Coach Bob Bradley Named 2009 National Coach of the Year, Jan. 9, 2013, http://www.ussoccer.com/news/mens-national-team/2010/03/bob-bradley-named-2009-national-coach-of-the-year.aspx
22. ^{{cite web|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/stats/attendance?league=usa.1&year=2008&&cc=5901|title=USA Major League Soccer - Attendance - 2008|work=ESPN Soccernet |publisher=Soccernet.espn.go.com |date=November 23, 2008 |accessdate=September 14, 2009}}
23. ^Chicago Tribune, Fire has a home field for 2 years, Jan. 15, 2004, http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2004-01-15/news/0401150055_1_new-stadium-chicago-fire-soccer-specific-stadium
24. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.chicagolions.com/locations/lions-for-hope-clubhouse-and-field/ |title=Lions for Hope Clubhouse and Field |publisher=Chicagolions.com |date= |accessdate=July 20, 2012}}
25. ^{{cite web|author=|url=http://www.arizonasportsfans.com/vb/f18/arenabowl-xx-73902.html |title=ArenaBowl XX - Arizona Sports Fans Network |publisher=Arizonasportsfans.com |date= |accessdate=2012-08-07}}
26. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.arenafan.com/teams/Chicago_Bruisers-2/history/1988/ |title=Chicago Bruisers Team History - 1988 |publisher=ArenaFan.com |date= |accessdate=2012-08-07}}
27. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.arenafan.com/statistics/?page=boxscore&gameid=52 |title=AFL Box Score: ArenaBowl II - Detroit Drive @ Chicago Bruisers (Jul 30, 1988) |publisher=ArenaFan.com |date=1988-07-30 |accessdate=2012-08-07}}
28. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.americanrugbynews.com/artman/publish/rugby_league/War_at_the_Shore_i.shtml |title=Loading |publisher=Americanrugbynews.com |date= |accessdate=2012-08-07 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100730112336/http://www.americanrugbynews.com/artman/publish/rugby_league/War_at_the_Shore_i.shtml |archivedate=July 30, 2010 |df=mdy-all }}
29. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/breaking/ct-ireland-new-zealand-rugby-soldier-field-20161105-story.html |title=Ireland beats New Zealand 40-29 at Soldier Field; first win over All Blacks in 111 years |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |date=November 5, 2016 |accessdate=May 22, 2017}}
30. ^{{cite web|url=http://corporate.wwe.com/news/2006/2006_03_27_04.jsp |title=WWE Corporate - WrestleMania 22 Arrives In Chicago...'BIG TIME' |publisher=Corporate.wwe.com |date=2006-03-27 |accessdate=2012-08-07}}
31. ^{{cite news|last=Hood|first=Jonathan|title=Wrestlemania 22 comes to Chicago|url=http://espn.go.com/chicago/radio/story?page=ringpost060313|accessdate=December 12, 2012|newspaper=ESPN|date=March 13, 2006}}
32. ^{{cite news|last=Gomez|first=Luis|title=Cena savors Chicago-style hate|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2011-07-15/entertainment/ct-ott-0715-luis-20110715_1_cm-punk-john-cena-wwe-champion|accessdate=December 12, 2012|newspaper=The Chicago Tribune|date=July 15, 2011}}
33. ^{{cite news|last=Drew|first=Ryan|title=WWE Extreme Rules 2012 Hits and Misses; A Fan's Perspective|url=https://sports.yahoo.com/news/wwe-extreme-rules-2012-hits-misses-fans-perspective-083000058--spt.html|accessdate=December 12, 2012|newspaper=Yahoo! News|date=April 30, 2012}}
34. ^{{cite web|title=Race to Mackinac FAQ|url=http://www.cycracetomackinac.com/faq/|year=2011|publisher=Chicago Yacht Club|accessdate=December 1, 2013}}
35. ^{{cite web|title=Member Leagues|url=http://wftda.com/leagues?find=chicago|publisher=WFTDA|accessdate=25 July 2013}}
36. ^{{cite web|title=Current Rankings|url=http://wftda.com/rankings|publisher=WFTDA|accessdate=19 January 2014|date=30 November 2014}}
37. ^{{cite news|title=2010 National Roller Derby Championship This Weekend|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/11/04/2010-national-roller-derb_n_778952.html|work=Chicago Events|publisher=Huffington Post|accessdate=19 January 2014|date=4 November 2010|first=Aixa|last=Velez}}
38. ^{{cite web|title=Windy City Rollers Derby Team Headed To World Championships|url=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2011/10/10/windy-city-rollers-derby-team-headed-to-world-championships/|publisher=CBS Chicago|accessdate=19 January 2014|date=10 October 2011}}
39. ^{{cite web|title=Team USA - Roller Derby|url=http://www.teamusa.org/USA-Roller-Sports/Roller-Derby.aspx|publisher=US Olympic Committee (Team USA)|accessdate=1 February 2014}}
40. ^{{cite web|title=2013 USARS Roller Derby National Championship Results|url=http://www.teamusa.org/USA-Roller-Sports/Roller-Derby.aspx|publisher=USA Roller Sports|date=1 November 2013}}
41. ^{{cite news|url=http://mortongrove.suntimes.com/news/13829890-418/big-ten-to-leave-park-ridge-in-2013.html |title=Big Ten to leave Park Ridge in 2013 - Morton Grove Champion |publisher=Mortongrove.suntimes.com |date= |accessdate=2012-08-07}}
42. ^{{cite news|last=Levine|first=Jay|url=http://cbs2chicago.com/local/local_story_207062131.html|title=Chicago In The Running To Host 2016 Summer Games|work=CBS|date=July 26, 2006|accessdate=December 1, 2006 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20061110061832/http://cbs2chicago.com/local/local_story_207062131.html |archivedate = November 10, 2006}}
43. ^{{cite news|last=Smith|first=Aaron|title=Chicago loses Olympic bid to Rio|url=http://money.cnn.com/2009/10/02/news/economy/chicago_olympics_rejection/|work=CNN|accessdate=September 25, 2013|date=October 2, 2009}}
44. ^{{cite web | title = St. Louis 1904 Summer Olympics | publisher=International Olympics Committee | url = http://www.olympic.org/st-louis-1904-summer-olympics|accessdate=December 13, 2013}}
45. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.chicagolandspeedway.com/?homepage=true |title=Chicagoland Speedway |publisher=Chicagoland Speedway |date= |accessdate=2012-08-07}}
46. ^{{cite web|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/wire?section=auto&id=5508018 |title=IRL-PEAK Antifreeze and Motor Oil Indy 300 Results - Racing - ESPN |publisher=Sports.espn.go.com |date=2010-08-28 |accessdate=2012-08-07}}