“European route E18”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

European route E18 runs from Craigavon in Northern Ireland to Saint Petersburg in Russia, passing through Scotland, Norway, Sweden, and Finland. It is about {{convert|1,890|km|mi|0|abbr=off}} in length.

Although the designation implies the possibility of a through journey, this is no longer practical as there are no direct car ferry crossings between the United Kingdom and Norway.^[1]

United Kingdom

The route starts in Northern Ireland and runs from Craigavon (M1) – Belfast (M2, A8) – Larne, then to Scotland: Stranraer, Dumfries and Galloway (A75) – Gretna – then England via the (M6) – Carlisle (A69) to Newcastle. As is normal for European routes in the United Kingdom, it is not signposted as such.

Northern Ireland

North Channel

Great Britain

North Sea

There are no ferries from Newcastle to Norway. Freight-only ferries may operate from other United Kingdom ports to Norway or Denmark, but for car journeys the only practical route is a crossing to France, Belgium or the Netherlands, followed by a road journey through Germany and Denmark, and a ferry crossing from there to Norway.^[1]^[2]

Norway

The route continues as a motorway from Kristiansand in Norway. E18 is connected with the E39 Ferry to Denmark. The ferry runs from Kristansand to Hirtshals, takes about 3 hours and 15 minutes, and is operated by Color Line.^[3]^[4]

In Norway, the E18 has a length of {{convert|415|km}}, of which {{convert|190|km}} are motorway. It runs Kristiansand – Arendal – Porsgrunn – Larvik – Sandefjord – Tønsberg – Horten – Drammen – Oslo – Ås – Askim – Ørje.

A flyover carrying the E18 Holmestrand bypass, opened in 2001, partially collapsed in February 2015 following a landslip, necessitating its demolition.^[5]

Sweden

From Ørje, the E18 crosses the border into Sweden at Töcksfors. It has a length of {{convert|510|km}}, of which {{convert|245|km}} are motorway. It runs Töcksfors – Karlstad – Örebro – Västerås – Stockholm / Kapellskär.

Baltic Sea

The connection over the Baltic Sea is from Stockholm or Kapellskär, in Sweden, to Turku or Naantali, in Finland, using by ferries operated by Silja Line, Viking Line or Finnlines. It is also possible to take a direct route to Helsinki. In theory it is also possible to cross the sea via Åland and the Åboland islands by island hopping over bridges, by cable ferries and ferries along the Archipelago Ring Road, but this route is not signposted as being part of the E18.

Finland

In Finland the E18 goes from Åland through southern Finland by way of Turku/Naantali – Salo – Vihti – Espoo – Porvoo – Loviisa – Kotka – Hamina – Vaalimaa till the border with Russia. Crossing the border to Russia used to often require queuing as the volume of traffic using it increased.^[6] The situation has since 2009 improved thanks to increased capacity, and a new parking lot constructed by 2016 is expected to solve the problem for good.^[7]

Russia

In Russia, E18 goes along the M10 highway from Finnish border to Saint Petersburg. The stretch of M10 between Saint Petersburg and the Finnish border will be redesignated to A181 by 2018.^[8] The route runs through northwestern Leningrad Oblast and mostly through sparsely populated areas. Since 2003, after opening of Vyborg bypass E18 does not go through Vyborg, though previously it did.^[9] Near Saint Petersburg the route runs through suburbs, such as Sestroretsk and Olgino. E18 terminates at the western border of Saint Petersburg.

There are plans to expand the road from one to three lanes in each direction because of the increasing volume of traffic.^[10] In 2012 the highway will be connected with the Western Rapid Diameter near Beloostrov by expanded existing junction of M10 with the Zelenogorsk highway. It is likely to be a new terminus of E18.^[11]

Gallery

References

1. ^¹{{cite web |url=https://www.littlescandinavian.com/2016/04/13/from-uk-to-norway-by-car-and-ferry-this-is-how-we-travel-to-scandinavia/ |title=From UK to Norway by car and ferry |work=The Little Scandinavian |publisher=Scandi Media Ltd. |accessdate=28 August 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828131331/https://www.littlescandinavian.com/2016/04/13/from-uk-to-norway-by-car-and-ferry-this-is-how-we-travel-to-scandinavia/ |archivedate=28 August 2017 |deadurl=no}}
2. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.dfds.com/freight-shipping/routes-and-schedules/brevik-immingham |title=Brevik - Immingham to Brevik |publisher=DFDS |accessdate=28 August 2017 |archivedate=28 August 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828131804/https://www.dfds.com/freight-shipping/routes-and-schedules/brevik-immingham}}
3. ^http://www.eurodrive.co.uk/newcastle_kristiansand.htm
4. ^http://www.eurodrive.co.uk/kristiansand_ferry.htm
5. ^http://www.newsinenglish.no/2015/02/02/bridge-collapses-on-e18-highway/
6. ^Queue situation at the Finnish/Russian border {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070514151024/http://alk.tiehallinto.fi/alk/rajaliikenne/e18_en.html |date=14 May 2007 }}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://yle.fi/uutiset/rekkaparkki_latauspisteita_sahkoautoille_ja_kymmenia_siltoja__e18-tien_viimeinen_osuus_valmistuu_vuonna_2018/7170446|title=Rekkaparkki, latauspisteitä sähköautoille ja kymmeniä siltoja – E18-tien viimeinen osuus valmistuu vuonna 2018|publisher=YLE|date=April 4, 2014|accessdate=April 4, 2014}}
8. ^ООО Компания "Кодекс-Люкс": Законодательство, судебная практика, нормы, правила, стандарты России {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120407062825/http://www.kodeks-luks.ru/ciws/site?tid=0&nd=902246832&prevDoc=902246832&mark=0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000065E0IS#I0 |date=7 April 2012 }}. Kodeks-luks.ru.
9. ^Federal Highway Agency of Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation (in Russian) {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024022638/http://www.rosavtodor.ru/shownewsn.php?id=324 |date=24 October 2007 }}. Rosavtodor.ru.
10. ^(in Russian). Baltinfo.ru (18 August 2011).
11. ^(in Russian). Stpr.ru.