“Srb”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Srb ({{lang-sr-Cyrl|Срб}}^[1]) is a village located in the southeastern part of Lika, in Croatia, till 2011 administratively divided into Donji Srb (population 255, census 2001) and Gornji Srb (population 79, census 2001).^[2] Srb lies in the Una River valley, on the road from Donji Lapac to Knin, and is east of Gračac. It is currently part of the Gračac municipality and the Zadar County.

Name

According to Croat academic Petar Šimunović, etymology is that Srb is derived from the old Croatian verb "serbati" and denoting the spring of the river Una.^[3]

Because Serbs (Sorabos) are mentioned in the Royal Frankish Annals in the context of Ljudevit Posavski, there is a theory that a Serb tribe could have existed in the area of Srb at some point in the 9th century, and that Srb was named after them, but the scarcity of historical records made various historians differ in the interpretations of this mention.^[4]

History

Srb is mentioned in the 14th century as a town of the Kingdom of Croatia. Some documents{{Which|date=August 2010}} from the year 1345 mention it belonged to the Hungary-Croatian king as a royal fortress-citadel, {{lang-la|castra nostra Regalia, videlicet Tininium .. .. Szereb castrum castrum Unach vocata cum Corum supatibus et pertinensiis}}. This town was built on a hill high above the stream Sredice, where its remains still stand today.

After the World War II invasion of Yugoslavia, Srb became part of the fascist Independent State of Croatia. On July 27, 1941, an uprising started in Srb organized by the local Serb population, the Srb uprising. The organizers, including the Lapac squad commander Stojan Matić, weren't all communist Partisans, and their immediate reprisals against the Ustaše also ended with random Croat and Muslim victims, which Marko Orešković later intervened against. The date was nevertheless later commemorated in SR Croatia (1945–1990) as the Day of the Uprising of the Peoples of Croatia ({{lang-hr|Dan ustanka naroda Hrvatske}}).^[5]

On July 25, 1990 an assembly of approximately 100,000 Croatian Serbs was held in Srb.^[6] A declaration was released which established a Serbian Assembly, with its seat in Srb, as the political representative of the Serbian nation in Croatia, and the Serbian National Council

as the executive body of the Assembly.^[6] Croatian Serb politician Jovan Rašković announced that a referendum would be held within the Serb community on August 18.^[7]

Population

According to the 2011 census, Srb had 472 inhabitants.^[8] For detailed population data for the last Yugoslav 1991 census and last austro-hungarian 1910 census see former settlements of Donji Srb and Gornji Srb.

Literature

References

1. ^¹{{cite web|url=https://www.coe.int/t/dg4/education/minlang/Report/PeriodicalReports/CroatiaPR5_hr.pdf | title=Peto izvješće Republike Hrvatske o primjeni Europske povelje o regionalnim ili manjinskim jezicima | date=October 2013 | author=Government of Croatia | publisher=Council of Europe | page=36 | language=hr | format=PDF | accessdate=30 November 2016}}
2. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.dzs.hr/hrv/censuses/census2001/Popis/H01_01_03/h01_01_03_zup13-1317.html | language = Croatian | publisher = Croatian State Statistics Office | title = Gračac municipality data | year = 2001 | accessdate = 2010-08-11}}
3. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.croatianhistory.net/etf/et01.html | title = The earliest Croatian Princes and Kings | work = Croatia - historical and cultural overview | author = Darko Žubrinić | year = 2005 | quote = In an interview on Fokus (30 September 2005), Croat academic Petar Simunovic explained that the name of Srb originates from an old Croatian verb serbati, srebati meaning "to sip", from which the noun "srb" has been derived. Thus "srb" denotes the spring of river Una, where the village lies. Compare this with the villages of Srbani (near Pula), and Srbinjak, both in Istria, which clearly have nothing to do with the Serbian name. The Istarski razvod from 13th century mentions the name of srbar, meaning a water spring. | accessdate = 2011-02-09}}
4. ^{{cite journal | ref = Goldstein-1985 | url = http://www.historiografija.hr/hz/1984/HZ_37_11_GOLDSTEIN.pdf | accessdate = 2012-07-27 | language = Croatian | first = Ivo | last = Goldstein | authorlink = Ivo Goldstein | title = Ponovno o Srbima u Hrvatskoj u 9. stoljeću | journal = Historijski zbornik | volume = XXXVII (1) | publisher = Savez povijesnih društava Hrvatske, Faculty of Philosophy, Zagreb |date=May 1985 | pages = 243–244}}
5. ^{{cite news | url = http://www.jutarnji.hr/ustanak-u-srbu--sto-se-dogodilo-27--srpnja-1941--/850034/ | newspaper = Jutarnji list | language = Croatian | author = Tvrtko Jakovina | title = Ustanak u Srbu: što se dogodilo 27. srpnja 1941.? | date = 2010-07-27 | accessdate = 2010-08-11}}
6. ^¹{{cite web | url = http://www.icty.org/x/cases/babic/custom4/en/plea_fact.pdf | format = PDF | title = Case No. IT-03-72-I: The Prosecutor v. Milan Babić | publisher = International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia | quote = In response to the fear of becoming a discriminated against minority in Croatia, on 25 July 1990, Milan BABIC and other SDS Krajina leaders participated in a Serbian assembly in Srb, attended by approximately one hundred thousand Croatian Serbs. The Assembly passed a Declaration "on the Sovereignty and Autonomy of the Serbian Nation" in Croatia. | accessdate = 2010-08-13}}
7. ^Paul Roe, Ethnic violence and the societal security dilemma. Routledge, 2005. (p. 94)
8. ^¹{{Croatian Census 2011|S|13|1317}}
9. ^{{Croatian Census 2011|S|13|1317}}
10. ^[https://www.dzs.hr/ Naselja i stanovništvo Republike Hrvatske 1857-2001, www.dzs.hr]

Name

History

Population

Literature

References

External links