| 词条 | SS Daniel J. Morrell | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
SS Daniel J. Morrell was a {{convert|603|ft|m|sing=on}} Great Lakes freighter that broke up in a strong storm on Lake Huron on 29 November 1966, taking with it 28 of her 29 crewmen. The freighter was used to carry bulk cargoes such as iron ore but was running with only ballast when the 60-year-old ship sank. NameThe ship was named for Daniel Johnson Morrell, a U.S. Representative from Pennsylvania.[1][2][3] "A bizarre incident"Making the last run of the season with her sister ship Edward Y. Townsend, Daniel J. Morrell became caught in winds exceeding {{convert|70|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on}} and swells that topped the height of the ship ({{cvt|20|to|25|ft}}) waves).[4] During the early morning hours, Edward Y. Townsend made the decision to take shelter in the St. Clair River, leaving Daniel J. Morrell alone on the waters north of Pointe Aux Barques, Michigan, heading for the protection of Thunder Bay. At 02:00, the ship began her death throes, forcing the crew onto the deck, where many jumped to their deaths in the {{cvt|34|F}} degree Lake Huron waters. At 02:15, the ship's hull broke and allowed water to pour in, and the remaining crewmen loaded into a raft on the bow of the vessel. While they waited for the ship to break up and the raft to be thrown into the lake, there were shouts that a ship had been spotted off the port bow. Moments later, it was discovered that the looming object was not another ship, but Daniel J. Morrell{{'}}s aft section, barreling towards them under the power of the ship's engine. The ship broke up, with the rafts continuing into the distance. In the words of writer William Ratigan, the remnants of the vessel disappeared into the darkness "like a great wounded beast with its head shot off".[5] OverdueDaniel J. Morrell was not reported missing until 12:15 the following afternoon, 30 November, after the vessel was overdue at her destination, Taconite Harbor, Minnesota. The U.S. Coast Guard issued a "be on the lookout" alert and dispatched several vessels and aircraft to search for the missing freighter. At around 16:00 on 30 November, a Coast Guard helicopter located the lone survivor, 26-year-old Watchman Dennis Hale, near frozen and floating in a life raft with the bodies of three of his crewmates. Hale had survived the nearly 40-hour ordeal in frigid temperatures wearing only a pair of boxer shorts, a lifejacket, and a pea coat.[6] The survey of the wreck found the shipwreck in {{cvt|220|ft}} of water with the two sections {{cvt|5|mi}} apart.[7] Edward Y. Townsend, after having escaped the same fate as her sister, had been discovered as having a large crack in her deck that grew worse from the same storm, she was declared a total loss and was docked for almost two years. Plans were made to tow the vessel to Europe to be scrapped. On her way during tow, she was caught in a strong storm on 7 October 1968, off Newfoundland and snapped in two, foundering in the general vicinity that RMS Titanic had sunk.[8] The German saltie Nordmeer, which had grounded at Thunder Bay Island Shoal on November 19, was declared a total loss after the additional damage to its bottom caused by the storm.[9]The destructive force of the November seas and wind were an important factor in this loss, as it has been in many similar incidents on the Great Lakes.[10] The Coast Guard investigation of the sinking of Daniel J. Morrell and concluded that she broke in half due to the brittle steel used in her hull which was a "common problem" in ships built before 1948.[11] In addition to Edmund Fitzgerald, other contemporary Great Lakes freighters lost under similar circumstances were Carl D. Bradley and Henry Steinbrenner. VictimsThe following crew were lost in the sinking:[1] {{colbegin}}
The remains of 26 of the 28 lost crewmen were eventually recovered, most in the days following the sinking, although bodies from Daniel J. Morrell continued to be found well into May of the following year. The two men whose bodies were never recovered were declared legally dead in May 1967. The sole survivor of the sinking, Dennis Hale, died of cancer on September 2, 2015 at the age of 75.[13] See also
References1. ^1 {{cite web|url= http://www.boatnerd.com/pictures/historic/perspectives/DanielJMorrell/default.htm|title= Daniel J. Morrell 1906 to 1966|publisher= Great Lakes & Seaway Shipping Online|accessdate= September 26, 2012}} 2. ^{{cite web|url= http://lakelandboating.com/morrell/|title= Morrell|publisher= Lakeland Boating|accessdate= September 26, 2012|deadurl= yes|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20120316215321/http://lakelandboating.com/morrell/|archivedate= March 16, 2012|df= }} 3. ^{{cite web|url= http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=M000964|title=MORRELL, Daniel Johnson, (1821 - 1885)|publisher= Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate= September 26, 2012}} 4. ^The Morrell Survey {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316215321/http://lakelandboating.com/morrell/ |date=2012-03-16 }}, Roland Schultz, Lakeland Boating, 2006 5. ^{{cite book|last=Ratigan|first=William|title=Great Lakes Shipwrecks & Survivals|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing|year=1977|isbn=0-8028-7010-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MsrCAItQ9FIC|page=156}} 6. ^{{cite book |title=Shipwrecked: Reflections of the Sole Survivor: an autobiography |date=January 1, 2010 |first1=Dennis |last1=Hale |location=Rock Creek, OH |publisher=D.N. Hale |isbn=0692009302}} {{ISBN|978-0692009307}} 7. ^{{cite web |title=Morrell Survey: Finale|url= http://www.lakelandboating.com/morrell/page4.cfm|first= Ronald|last=Schultz |accessdate=2010-11-19|publisher= Lakeland Boating}} 8. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.greatlakesvesselhistory.com/histories-by-name/t/townsend-edward-y/|title=Townsend, Edward Y.| publisher= Great Lakes Vessel History|accessdate= December 16, 2012}} 9. ^{{cite web|url= http://lakelandboating.com/morrell/|title= The Morrell Survey|publisher= Lakeland Boating|accessdate= September 26, 2012|deadurl= yes|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20120316215321/http://lakelandboating.com/morrell/|archivedate= March 16, 2012|df= }} 10. ^{{cite journal |last=Bradley |first=Mary |date=November–December 1999 |title=The Witch of November Came Early: The Saga of the Edmund Fitzgerald |journal=Michigan History Magazine |publisher=Michigan Department of State |location=Lansing, Michigan |oclc=20951644 }} 11. ^{{cite book |author=Thompson, Mark |title=Graveyard of the Lakes |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tog_ll_MYrkC&dq=Graveyard+of+the+Lakes+by+Mark+L.+Thompson&printsec=frontcover&source=bn&hl=en&ei=x_MOSs_NEY-CmQernajHBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4#PPA17,M1|page=311|publisher=Wayne State University Press |location=Detroit, MI|year=2000 |isbn=0-8143-3226-9}} 12. ^family 13. ^{{cite web |last=Seals |first=Eric |title=Lone survivor of deadly 1966 Lake Huron shipwreck dies |work=Detroit Free Press |date=September 2, 2015 |url=http://www.freep.com/story/news/obituary/2015/09/02/daniel-j-morrell-shipwreck-great-lakes-dennis-hale-obituary/71604532/ |accessdate=November 11, 2015}} Further reading
External links{{Commons category}}
{{1966 shipwrecks}}{{coord|43.850|-82.590|type:event_globe:earth_region:US-MI|display=title}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Daniel J. Morrell}} 8 : Shipwrecks of Lake Huron|Maritime incidents in 1966|Great Lakes freighters|Merchant ships of the United States|1906 ships|Ships built in Michigan|Queen of the Lakes|Ships powered by a triple expansion steam engine |
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