| 词条 | S. Sivamaharajah | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|honorific-prefix = Hon. |name = S. Sivamaharajah |native_name = சி. சிவமகராஜா |native_name_lang = ta |honorific-suffix = MP |image = S. Sivamaharajah.jpg |imagesize = |constituency_MP1 = Jaffna District |parliament1 = Sri Lankan |majority1 = |term_start1 = 1989 |term_end1 = 1990 |predecessor1 = S. Sivnantharaja |successor1 = |majority2 = |term_start2 = 2000 |term_end2 = 2001 |predecessor2 = |successor2 = |birth_date = {{Birth date|1938|06|28|df=yes}} |birth_place = |death_date = {{Death date and age|2006|08|20|1938|06|28|df=yes}} |death_place = Tellippalai, Sri Lanka |citizenship = |nationality = |party = Illankai Tamil Arasu Kachchi |otherparty = Tamil National Alliance |spouse = |partner = |relations = |children = |residence = |alma_mater = |occupation = |profession = |religion = Hindu |website = |footnotes = |blank1 = Ethnicity |data1 = Sri Lankan Tamil }} Sinnathamby Sivamaharajah ({{lang-ta|சின்னத்தம்பி சிவமகராஜா}}; 28 June 1938 – 20 August 2006) was a Sri Lankan Tamil newspaper publisher, politician and Member of Parliament. Early lifeSivamaharajah was born 28 June 1938.[1] He was from Kollankaladdy near Tellippalai.[2] Career{{Assassinations of journalists during the Sri Lankan civil war}}Sivamaharajah contested the 1989 parliamentary election as one of the Eelam Revolutionary Organisation of Students' (EROS) candidates in Jaffna District. He was elected.[3] However, Sivamaharajah and all other EROS MPs boycotted Parliament because of their opposition to the Sixth Amendment to the Constitution of Sri Lanka which required them to swear an oath unconditionally renouncing support for a separate state.[4] After three months of absence, Sivamaharajah forfeited his seat in Parliament on 12 June 1989.[4][5] Sivamaharajah did however enter Parliament on 17 July 1989, replacing S. Sivnantharaja who had resigned on 11 July 1989.[5] He took his oath in Parliament on 21 July 1989.[4][6] He resigned from Parliament on 7 May 1990.[5] Sivamaharajah was one of the Tamil United Liberation Front's (TULF) candidates in Jaffna District at the 2000 parliamentary election. He was elected and re-entered Parliament.[7] On 20 October 2001 the All Ceylon Tamil Congress, Eelam People's Revolutionary Liberation Front, Tamil Eelam Liberation Organization and TULF formed the Tamil National Alliance (TNA).[8][9] Sivamaharajah contested the 2001 parliamentary election as one of the TNA's candidates in Jaffna District but failed to get elected.[10] He contested the 2004 parliamentary election as one of the TNA's candidates in Jaffna District but failed to get elected after coming twelfth amongst the TNA candidates.[11][12] Sivamaharajah was managing director of Namathu Eelanadu Tamil language.[2][13][14] Namathu Eelanadu, which started publication on 1 October 2002, was considered to be supportive of Sri Lankan Tamil nationalism.[13][14][15] The paper's office in Jaffna was raided by the Sri Lanka Army on 15 December 2005 and its staff interrogated.[14][16] Sivamaharajah was chairman of the Multi-Purpose Co-operative Society (MPCS) in Tellippalai and president of the Consortium of Valikamam North Public Organizations.[2] He worked extensively to assist the tens of thousands of civilians forcibly expelled from the Valikamam North High Security Zone (HSZ) by the Sri Lankan military.[2] On the night of 20 August 2006, at around 7.20pm, Sivamaharajah was shot dead at his temporary home in Tellippalai, which was located 300 meters inside the Valikamam North HSZ.[2][14][17][18] The government backed Eelam People's Democratic Party (EPDP) paramilitary group was blamed for the assassination.[19] The assassination was condemned by Reporters Without Borders and the UNESCO.[14][20] Sivamaharajah's killing was part of a series of killings, abductions and other attacks on the Sri Lankan Tamil media which began in 2005.[21][22][23] On 22 August 2006 the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) conferred the title Maamanithar (great human being) on Sivamaharajah.[24] Electoral history
References1. ^{{cite web|title=Directory of Members: Sinnathamby Sivamaharasa|url=http://www.parliament.lk/en/members-of-parliament/directory-of-past-members/viewMember/2699|publisher=Parliament of Sri Lanka}} {{Members of the 9th Parliament of Sri Lanka}}{{Members of the 11th Parliament of Sri Lanka}}{{Sri Lankan Civil War}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Sivamaharajah, S.}}2. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news|title=Sivamaharajah assassinated|url=http://www.tamilnet.com/art.html?catid=13&artid=19318|work=TamilNet|date=21 August 2006}} 3. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.slelections.gov.lk/pdf/Results_1989%20GENERAL%20ELECTION.PDF|title=Result of Parliamentary General Election 1989|publisher=Department of Elections, Sri Lanka|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20090304101343/http://www.slelections.gov.lk/pdf/Results_1989%20GENERAL%20ELECTION.PDF|archivedate=2009-03-04|df=}} 4. ^1 2 {{cite journal|date=July 1989|title=EROS/EDF to Attend Parliament|journal=Tamil Times|volume=VIII|issue=8|page=17|issn=0266-4488|url=http://noolaham.net/project/34/3324/3324.pdf}} 5. ^1 2 {{cite book|last1=de Silva|first1=W. P. P.|last2=Ferdinando|first2=T. C. L.|title=9th Parliament of Sri Lanka|publisher=Associated Newspapers of Ceylon Limited|page=265|url=http://noolaham.net/project/148/14715/14715.pdf|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150623233447/http://noolaham.net/project/148/14715/14715.pdf|archivedate=2015-06-23|df=}} 6. ^{{cite journal|last=Sebastian|first=Rita|date=August 1989|title=EDF in Attend Parliament|journal=Tamil Times|volume=VIII|issue=9|page=19|issn=0266-4488|url=http://www.noolaham.org/wiki/index.php/Tamil_Times_1989.08}} 7. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.slelections.gov.lk/pdf/preference2000GE.PDF|title=General Election 2000 Preferences|publisher=Department of Elections, Sri Lanka|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100826002922/http://www.slelections.gov.lk/pdf/preference2000GE.PDF|archivedate=2010-08-26|df=}} 8. ^{{cite news|last1=Jeyaraj|first1=D. B. S.|authorlink1=D. B. S. Jeyaraj|title=Tamil National Alliance enters critical third phase - 1|url=http://www.dailymirror.lk/print/index.php/opinion1/6933.html|work=The Daily Mirror (Sri Lanka)|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100404042520/http://www.dailymirror.lk/print/index.php/opinion1/6933.html|archivedate=4 April 2010}} 9. ^{{cite news|title=Tamil parties sign MOU|url=http://www.tamilnet.com/art.html?catid=13&artid=6400|newspaper=TamilNet|date=20 October 2001}} 10. ^1 {{cite journal|date=15 December 2001|title=How they performed in the Jaffna District|journal=Tamil Times|volume=XX|issue=12|page=5|issn=0266-4488|url=http://noolaham.net/project/37/3608/3608.pdf}} 11. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.slelections.gov.lk/pdf/Preference2004GE.pdf|title=General Election 2004 Preferences|publisher=Department of Elections, Sri Lanka|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100304015514/http://www.slelections.gov.lk/pdf/Preference2004GE.pdf|archivedate=2010-03-04|df=}} 12. ^{{cite news|title=Jaffna student leader gets most preferential votes|url=http://www.tamilnet.com/art.html?catid=13&artid=11660|work=TamilNet|date=3 April 2004}} 13. ^1 {{cite web|title=Sinnathamby Sivamaharajah|url=https://cpj.org/killed/2006/sinnathamby-sivamaharajah.php|publisher=Committee to Protect Journalists}} 14. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|title=Tamil newspaper managing director gunned down outside Jaffna|url=http://en.rsf.org/sri-lanka-tamil-newspaper-managing-director-21-08-2006,18618.html|publisher=Reporters Without Borders|date=22 August 2006}} 15. ^{{cite news|title=New Tamil daily launched in Jaffna|url=http://www.tamilnet.com/art.html?catid=13&artid=7562|work=TamilNet|date=1 October 2002}} 16. ^{{cite news|title=SLA soldiers search Jaffna press, threaten workers|url=http://www.tamilnet.com/art.html?catid=13&artid=16552|work=TamilNet|date=15 December 2005}} 17. ^{{cite news|title=Former Tamil MP killed in Jaffna|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/5271062.stm|work=BBC News|date=21 August 2006}} 18. ^{{cite web|title=Sinnathamby Sivamaharajah: Sri Lanka|url=http://www.freemedia.at/newssview/article/sinnathamby-sivamaharajah-sri-lanka.html|publisher=International Press Institute}} 19. ^{{cite news|last=Jeyaraj|first=D. B. S.|title=Assassinating Tamil Parliamentarians: The unceasing waves|url=http://www.nation.lk/2008/03/16/newsfe1.htm|newspaper=The Nation (Sri Lanka)|date=16 March 2008|authorlink=D. B. S. Jeyaraj}} 20. ^{{cite web|title=Director-General condemns murder of Sri Lankan newspaper managing director Sinnathamby Sivamaharajah|url=http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/ev.php-URL_ID=22702&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html|archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20150314212331/http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/ev.php%2DURL_ID%3D22702%26URL_DO%3DDO_TOPIC%26URL_SECTION%3D201.html|dead-url=yes|publisher=UNESCO|date=28 August 2006}} 21. ^{{cite web|last1=Lim|first1=Vincent|title=SRI LANKA: Tamil media caught in ongoing conflict|url=http://web.international.ucla.edu/institute/article/52740|publisher=UCLA International Institute|date=11 September 2006}} 22. ^{{cite news|title=Jaffna journalists fearful amid threats, killings|url=http://www.tamilnet.com/art.html?catid=13&artid=21254|work=TamilNet|date=15 February 2007}} 23. ^{{cite web|title=Crisis: International|url=http://www.cmfr-phil.org/2006/09/27/crisis-international-13/|publisher=Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility|date=27 September 2006}} 24. ^{{cite news|title=LTTE confers Maamanithar award on Sivamaharaja|url=http://www.tamilnet.com/art.html?catid=13&artid=19352|work=TamilNet|date=24 August 2006}} 22 : 1938 births|2006 deaths|Assassinated newspaper publishers (people)|Assassinated Sri Lankan activists|Assassinated Sri Lankan politicians|Deaths by firearm in Sri Lanka|Eelam Revolutionary Organisation of Students politicians|Illankai Tamil Arasu Kachchi politicians|Maamanithar|Members of the 9th Parliament of Sri Lanka|Members of the 11th Parliament of Sri Lanka|People from Northern Province, Sri Lanka|People killed during the Sri Lankan Civil War|People of British Ceylon|Sri Lankan Hindus|Sri Lankan Tamil activists|Sri Lankan Tamil politicians|Sri Lankan Tamil publishers (people)|Sri Lankan terrorism victims|Tamil National Alliance politicians|Tamil United Liberation Front politicians|Terrorism deaths in Sri Lanka |
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