| 释义 |
- Career with Matson Lines
- War service War voyages
- Career with Home Lines
- Footnotes
- References
- Bibliography
- Further reading
- External links
{{For|other ships of the same name|Mariposa (disambiguation)}}{{Infobox ship image| Ship image=SS Mariposa 1944-03-28.jpg | Ship caption=Aerial port bow view of SS Mariposa in March 1944
}}{{Infobox ship career | Hide header= | Ship country= | Ship flag= | Ship name=SS Mariposa | Ship namesake= | Ship owner= | Ship operator=*Matson Lines | Ship registry= | Ship route= | Ship ordered= | Ship awarded= | Ship builder=Fore River Shipyard, Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation | Ship original cost= | Ship yard number= | Ship way number= | Ship laid down= | Ship launched=1931 | Ship sponsor= | Ship christened= | Ship completed= | Ship acquired= | Ship commissioned= | Ship decommissioned= | Ship maiden voyage= 16 January 1932 | Ship in service=*1932, as SS Mariposa | Ship out of service= | Ship renamed= | Ship reclassified= | Ship refit= | Ship struck= | Ship reinstated= | Ship homeport= | Ship identification= | Ship motto= | Ship nickname= | Ship honours= | Ship honors= | Ship captured= | Ship fate=Scrapped in 1974 | Ship status= | Ship notes= | Ship badge=
}}{{Infobox ship characteristics | Hide header= | Header caption= | Ship type= Ocean liner | 18,017}} | Ship displacement= | 632|ft|m|abbr=on}} | 79|ft|m|abbr=on}} | Ship height= | Ship draft= | Ship depth= | Ship hold depth= | Ship decks= | Ship deck clearance= | Ship power= | 28450|shp|2|abbr=on}} | Ship sail plan= | 22.84|kn|lk=in}} | Ship range= | Ship endurance= | Ship boats= | Ship capacity=704 passengers (475 first class, 229 cabin class) | Navy Department—Headquarters of the Commander in Chief, United States Fleet, and Commander, Tenth Fleet|1945|p=48}} | Ship complement= | Ship crew=359 | Ship time to activate= | Ship armor= | Ship notes=
}} | SS Mariposa was a luxury ocean liner launched in 1931; one of four ships in the Matson Lines "White Fleet" which included {{SS|Monterey}}, {{SS|Malolo}} and {{SS|Lurline|1932|6}}. It was later renamed the SS Homeric. Career with Matson LinesSS Mariposa was designed for service in the Pacific Ocean including regular stops in ports along the West Coast of the United States, Hawaii, Samoa, Fiji, New Zealand and Australia. Her maiden voyage began 16 January 1932 in New York City where she sailed to Havana, transited the Panama Canal and berthed in the Port of Los Angeles before continuing on to tour ten more countries in the south and west Pacific. War serviceIn World War II she operated under the War Shipping Administration{{sfn|Wardlow|1999|p=166}} with allocation and close association with the U.S. Army, though not officially a U.S. Army Transport (U.S.A.T.),{{sfn|Grover|1987|pp=4, 18 & 20}} serving as a fast troop carrier, bringing supplies and support forces to distant shores as well as rescuing persons stranded in foreign countries by the outbreak of war. Mariposa, with Navy designated troop capacity of 4,165 and speed of 20.5 knots, was one of the very large, fast transports, the largest nicknamed "Monsters," usually sailing without escort.{{sfn|Navy Department—Headquarters of the Commander in Chief, United States Fleet, and Commander, Tenth Fleet|1945|p=48}} War voyages- 26 December 1941 left Honolulu, Hawaii loaded with some military personnel and many military dependents accompanied by a destroyer escort and arrived in San Francisco 1 January 1942.
- 12 January 1942 Mariposa left San Francisco in the "Australian — Suva" convoy escorted by two destroyers and the light cruiser {{USS|Phoenix|CL-46|6}} with two other troopships SS President Coolidge and the SS President Monroe (destined for Suva).{{sfn|Nimitz|v.1: 7 December 1941–1 September 1942, Entries for 12 & 26 January 1942}}[1] This was the first large convoy to Australia after Pearl Harbor with Mariposa transporting Army personnel, ammunition and, combined with Coolidge, fifty P-40 fighters intended for the Philippines and Java.{{sfn|Mayo|1968|pp=40—41}}{{sfn|Matloff|1953-59|p=132}} The thirteen officers selected by the War Department to form the core of what was to become MacArthur's headquarters in the Southwest Pacific Area Command being formed in Australia as United States Army Forces in Australia (USAFIA), known as the "Remember Pearl Harbor" Group, were embarked in Coolidge and Mariposa. Most troops and equipment were intended to be sent on from Australia to the American-British-Dutch-Australian Command (ABDA) area after the Australian bound ships reached Melbourne on 1 February 1942.{{sfn|Mayo|1968|pp=40—41}} 35th Pursuit Group commander Clinton D. "Casey" Vincent was aboard.[2][3] Mariposa made a brief stop 2 February 1942 in Melbourne before proceeding on to Perth[4] The ship had been due to continue on with the Army fighter group to India but was withdrawn and the personnel and cargo transshipped into the two Australian transports {{MV|Duntroon|3=2}} and {{SS|Katoomba|1913|2}}.{{sfn|Gill|1957|pp=601—602}} Also on board was 'Brownout Strangler' Private Edward Leonski.
- 19 March 1942 left San Francisco for Australia in a convoy that included {{RMS|Queen Elizabeth}}
- 28 May 1942 left Charleston, South Carolina stopping in Freetown for a week and Cape Town for a short stay before heading for Karachi[5]
- September 1942 arrived Karachi.[5] The Mariposa arrived in New York City in early September with more than 100 American Volunteer Group (Flying Tigers) pilots and ground personnel aboard. They had been denied transport back to the United States on half-empty transport planes by the U.S Ferry Command.[6]
- 21 December 1942 left Newport News, Virginia unescorted carrying 5,000 military passengers[7]
- 3 January 1943: Overnight refueling at Rio de Janeiro
- 26 January 1943: Aden for overnight refueling
- 27 January 1943 disembarked outside Massawa
- 27 February 1943 disembarked Bombay
- 10 April 1943 arrived New York[8]
- 15 April 1943 left Brooklyn Navy Yard for Casablanca carrying military medical units and troops including some Tuskegee Airmen
- 24 April 1943 arrived Casablanca, French Morocco
- mid November 1943 left Sydney Harbour bound for San Francisco. Duration 16 days. Among the passengers was the prominent Dutch pilot Ivan Smirnov (Romanized to "Smirnoff"). No Convoy.
- late 1943 Los Angeles to Hobart, Tasmania with near-mutinous passengers due to bad food[9]
- 26 December 1943 docked Hobart
- early 1944 docked Bombay
- 9 March 1944 departed Los Angeles
- 8 April 1944 arrived Bombay[10]
- 13 April 1944 left Bombay for Boston[11]
- 23 May 1944 arrived Boston, MA
- Spring 1944 New York to North Africa[12]
- 8 August 1944 left Boston for Liverpool; sailed alone[13]
- 14 August 1944 arrived Liverpool
- 30 August 1944 left Boston for Liverpool; sailed alone
- 7 September 1944 arrived Liverpool
- 1 December 1944 left Boston for Marseilles; sailed alone
- 10 December 1944 arrived Marseilles
- 8 January 1945 left Boston for Marseilles
- 18 January 1945 arrived Marseilles
- 7 May 1945 en route to the US on VE Day
- 17 October 1945 left Le Havre for Boston bringing troops home
- 24 October 1945 arrived Boston
1946 Australia/New Zealand dependent voyages from Australia{{sfn|Masterson|1949|p=306}} - 20 February 1946 (WSA operation) departed Brisbane, Australia, with 882 dependents
- 11 April 1946 (WSA operation) departed Brisbane, Australia, with 769 dependents
- 31 May 1946 (WSA operation) departed Brisbane, Australia, with 802 dependents
- 11 July 1946 (WSA operation) departed Sydney, Australia, with 230 dependents
Career with Home LinesIn 1947 the ship was mothballed for six years at Union Iron Works in Alameda, California. Her engines were overhauled by Todd San Francisco Division. Home Lines bought her and renamed her SS Homeric, sailing her to Trieste for reconstruction to allow 1243 passengers: 147 First Class and 1,096 tourist class. Gross register tonnage increased to 18,563. Total length increased to 641 feet (195.5 meters). Home Lines operated her beginning 24 January 1955 for liner service between ports in the north Atlantic. In 1964 she replaced the SS Italia to steam on the regular run between New York and Nassau, Bahamas, though she in turn was shortly replaced by {{SS|Oceanic|1965|6}}. SS Homeric was reassigned to intra-Caribbean cruises. In 1973, a major fire destroyed much of her galley and restaurant and she was scrapped in Taiwan next to Holland America Line SS Nieuw Amsterdam in 1974.[14] During the ship breaking process, her sister ship, the Chandris Lines' Ellinis (ex-Lurline), suffered major engine damage on a cruise to Japan; Chandris was able to purchase one of the Mariposa engines from the ship breakers. Footnotes1. ^The SS President Coolidge was allocated to Navy by the War Shipping Administration (WSA) but never commissioned and thus was SS President Coolidge until sunk at Espiritu Santo 26 October 1942. The President Monroe was acquired and bareboat chartered by WSA, but not transferred to the Navy until 18 July 1943 and not commissioned until 20 August 1943 whereupon she became USS President Monroe (AP-104).
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://ww2troopships.com/crossings/1942.htm|title=1942 Troop Ship Crossings - January to June|work=ww2troopships.com}}
3. ^McClure, Glenn E. Fire and Fall Back: the World War Two "CBI" story of "Casey" Vincent, p. 18. Universal City, Texas. Barnes Press. 1975.
4. ^Richard Baker. History of the 80th Depot Repair Squadron, 80th Air Depot Group
5. ^1 Eleazer, Wayne. Duncan's Hot Rod. Air Classics, May 2001
6. ^{{cite book|last=Smith|first=R.T.|title=Tale of a Tiger|year=1986|publisher=Tiger Originals|location=Van Nuys, California|pages=355–57}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.asa-retiree.com/JimHatfield.htm|title= Massawa and Gura in WWII|publisher=}}
8. ^http://search.ancestry.com/iexec/?htx=View&r=an&dbid=7488&iid=NYT715_6696-0187&st=r&ssrc=&pid=3018001312&a=0
9. ^World War II through the eyes of the Cape Fear. Interview of James Louis Watters Transcript Number 226
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cbi-history.com/part_iv.html|title=OTHER UNITS|author=CBI Unit Lineages and History|work=cbi-history.com}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://ww2troopships.com/crossings/1944.htm|title=1944 Troop Ship Crossings - January to June|work=ww2troopships.com}}
12. ^Vernon Joseph Baker We never had a chance. And yet we did it
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://ww2troopships.com/crossings/1944b.htm|title=1944 Troop Ship Crossings - July to December|work=ww2troopships.com}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.pinetreeline.org/metz/photos/pm-55c.html|title=Detail on the SS Homeric|publisher=}}
==See also== - SS Mariposa (1883)
- SS Manoa (1913)
- SS Malolo (1926)
- SS Monterey (1931)
- SS Lurline (1932)
References{{reflist|2}}Bibliography{{refbegin|2}}- {{cite book |last=Gill |first=G. Hermon |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=Royal Australian Navy 1939-1942 | series =Australia in the War of 1939–1945. Series 2 – Navy |volume =1 |year=1957 |publisher=Australian War Memorial |location=Canberra |isbn= |lccn=58037940 |page= |pages= |url=http://www.awm.gov.au/histories/second_world_war/volume.asp?levelID=67910 |accessdate= |ref=harv}}
- {{cite book |last=Grover |first=David |title=U.S. Army Ships and Watercraft of World War II |publisher=Naval Institute Press |year=1987 |isbn=0-87021-766-6 |lccn=87015514 |ref=harv}}
- {{cite book |last=Masterson |first=Dr. James R. |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=U. S. Army Transportation In The Southwest Pacific Area 1941-1947 |year=1949 |publisher=Transportation Unit, Historical Division, Special Staff, U. S. Army |location=Washington, D. C. |isbn= |page= |pages= |url= |accessdate= |ref=harv}}
- {{cite book |last1=Matloff |first1=Maurice |last2=Snell |first2=Edwin M. |year=1953–59 |title=The War Department: Strategic Planning For Coalition Warfare 1941-1942 |series=United States Army In World War II |location=Washington, DC |publisher=Center Of Military History, United States Army |isbn= |lccn=53-61477|page= |ref=harv}}
- {{cite book |last1=Mayo |first1=Lida |last2= |first2= |year=1968 |title=The Technical Services—The Ordnance Department: On Beachhead And Battlefront |series=United States Army In World War II |location=Washington, DC |publisher=Center Of Military History, United States Army |isbn= |lccn=79014631 |page= |ref=harv}}
- {{cite web |url=http://www.history.navy.mil/library/online/adminhist11_convoyrouting.htm |title=United States Naval Administration in World War II—History of Convoy and Routing |author=Navy Department—Headquarters of the Commander in Chief, United States Fleet, and Commander, Tenth Fleet |date=1945 |work= |publisher=Naval History & Heritage Command |accessdate=6 April 2014 }}
- {{cite book |last1=Nimitz |first1=Chester W., Admiral (USN) |last2=Steele |first2=James M., Captain (USN) |year=1942 |title=‘Gray Book’ — War Plans and Files of the Commander-in-Chief, Pacific Fleet; Running Estimate and Summary maintained by Captain James M. Steele, USN, CINCPAC staff at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, covering the period 7 December 1941–31 August 1942. |volume =1 of 8 volumes |location=Operational Archives, Naval History and Heritage Command, Washington Navy Yard, Washington D.C. |publisher= | url =http://www.ibiblio.org/anrs/docs/D/D7/nimitz_graybook1.pdf | accessdate = |ref=harv}}
- {{cite book |last1=Wardlow |first1=Chester |last2= |first2= |year=1999 |title=The Technical Services—The Transportation Corps: Responsibilities, Organization, And Operations |series=United States Army In World War II |location=Washington, DC |publisher=Center Of Military History, United States Army |isbn= |lccn=99490905 |page= |ref=harv}}
{{refend}}Further reading- John D. MacDonald and Captain John H. Kilpack, (1981) Nothing Can Go Wrong, New York: Harper & Row.
External links{{commons category}}- Home Lines ocean liner and cruise ship postcards and photographs
- Matson Lines 1930s brochure
- Photos of twin funnel ships including SS Homeric
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mariposa}} 6 : Ocean liners|Cruise ships|1931 ships|Cruise ships of the United States|Ships built in Quincy, Massachusetts|Troop ships of the War Shipping Administration |