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词条 SS Orduña
释义

  1. History

     First World War  Between the wars  Second World War  Post-Second World War 

  2. Demise

  3. References

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2017}}{{Infobox ship image
Ship image=Orduna.JPGShip caption= Tug towing SS Orduna to sea
}}{{Infobox ship career		Hide header=Ship country= United KingdomUnited Kingdom|government}}Ship name= SS OrdunaShip owner=Pacific Steam Navigation CompanyShip operator=*Cunard Line,
  • Royal Mail Steam Packet Company,
  • Pacific Steam Navigation Company
UK|civil}} LiverpoolShip route=North AtlanticShip ordered=Ship builder=Harland and Wolff, BelfastShip original cost=Ship yard number=Ship way number=Ship laid down=Ship launched=2 October 1913Ship completed=Ship christened=Ship acquired=Ship maiden voyage=19 February 1914Ship in service=Ship out of service=November 1950Ship identification=Ship fate=Scrapped 1951 at Dalmuir, ScotlandShip status=Ship notes=
}}{{Infobox ship characteristics		Hide header=Header caption=Ship class=Ocean liner15507}}Ship displacement=550.3|ft}}67.3|ft}}Ship height=35|ft|10+1/4|in|2}}43.0|ft}}Ship decks=Ship deck clearance=Ship power=Ship propulsion=Triple-expansion engines + low-pressure turbine; Triple screw[1]15|kn|km/h}}Ship capacity= 896 passengersShip crew=Ship notes=
}}
SS Orduna was an ocean liner built in 1913–14 by Harland and Wolff in Belfast for the Pacific Steam Navigation Company. After two voyages she was chartered to Cunard Line. In 1921 she went to the Royal Mail Steam Packet Company, then being resold to the PSNCo in 1926. Her sister ships were {{SS|Orbita||2}} and Orca.[2]

She provided transatlantic passenger transport, measured approximately 15,500 gross tons, and was 550.3 ft x 67.3 ft.[3]

History

First World War

Orduna was requisitioned as an auxiliary cruiser and troop transport in the First World War running from Halifax, Canada to Liverpool with notables such as Quentin Roosevelt on board.

In January 1915 Orduna rescued the Russian crew of the sailing ship Loch Torridon, which had sprung a leak while transporting timber off the west coast of Ireland.[4] Later in July 1915, en route to New York City, Orduna was targeted by a U-boat. The torpedo, which was spotted by Captain Taylor, missed the ship, which arrived safely.

In 1918 Orduna collided with the 4,406-ton steamer Konakry, carrying a cargo of ballast from Queenstown to Trinidad. Konakry was lost in the accident.

Between the wars

In April 1923 she was involved in another rescue, transporting the crew of the barquentine Clitha, which had been abandoned and set on fire, to England after they had been rescued by the schooner Jean Campbell.

In 1925, Dean James E. Lough of the Extra-Mural Division of the New York University chartered Orduna for the transport of 213 students to France, with lectures taking place on board.[5]

In 1938 the Orduna was used for the third and final 'Peace Cruise', carrying 460 Scouters and Guiders, including Robert and Olave Baden-Powell, and their daughter Heather, on a cruise to Iceland, Norway, Denmark and Belgium. Orduna left Liverpool on 8 August, returning on 25 August via Dover.[6]

Robert Baden-Powell was too ill to leave the ship during the voyage, but parties of local Scouts visited him on the ship at most of the stops, while the Scouters and Guiders on the ship took the opportunity to tour local landmarks and attend receptions. During the stop at Reykjavík on Thursday, 11 August, during which Orduna moored beside the German cruiser Emden, a party from the Scouts of Iceland brought some rock on board so that Baden-Powell could still 'set foot in Iceland'.[7] The Orduna called at Trondheim, Norway, on 15 August, Copenhagen, Denmark on 18 August, and Belgium on Sunday 21 August, before returning to England. In September 1938 she was at Nassau, Bahamas and Kingston, Jamaica[8]

Second World War

During the 1939 "Voyage of the Damned" affair, where German Jewish refugees were refused entry into Cuba, the United States and Canada, Orduna was refused permission to land 40 refugees at Havana.[9]

On 12 August 1940, she sailed from Liverpool arriving Nassau 30 August, with a privately organised party of 16 children from Belmont Preparatory school, Hassocks Sussex. It was part of a wider Government children's evacuation programme Children's Overseas Reception Board during World War II. When the prospect of imminent invasion threatened Britain.

With the need for military transport in the Second World War, in 1941 she was put into service by the British government as a troopship. Another task during the Second World War was that of an evacuation transport.[10][11]

In the autumn of 1945 the Orduña brought back Prisoners of War and internees from the Far East, landing at Princess Landing Stage in Liverpool on 19 October. A memorial to the ships involved in the repatriation was unveiled on the Liverpool waterfront on 15 October 2011.

Post-Second World War

In 1947 conditions for troops returning from Port Said in Egypt on the Orduna, said to include overcrowding and poor food, were raised with the Secretary of State for War.[12]

Demise

Orduna was decommissioned and laid up in November 1950 and dismantled the following year in Dalmuir, Scotland.[13]

References

1. ^postcard of sister ship Orbita
2. ^RMSPCo
3. ^Passenger lists and Emigrant ships from Norway-Heritage
4. ^The "LOCH TORRIDON" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121211114/http://www.ship-modelers-assn.org/fam9708.htm |date=21 November 2008 }}
5. ^175 Facts about NYU
6. ^{{cite web | url= http://www.olavebadenpowell.org/family/Heather.htm | title= Heather | accessdate=20 May 2009 |author= |last= |first= |authorlink= |coauthors= |date= |year= |month= |work= |publisher=The World Chief Guide website |location= |pages= |language= |doi= |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071125151512/http://www.olavebadenpowell.org/family/Heather.htm|archivedate=2007-11-25|quote= | dead-url= yes |dateformat=}}
7. ^{{cite web | url= http://www.pinetreeweb.com/wade19.htm | title= 27 Years with Baden-Powell | accessdate=20 May 2009 |author= Eileen K. Wade|last= |first= |authorlink= |coauthors= |date= |year= |month= |work= |publisher= |location= |pages= |language= |doi= |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/19980215234943/http://pinetreeweb.com/wade19.htm|archivedate=1998-02-15|quote= | dead-url= yes |dateformat=}}
8. ^David Horry postmark 26 September 1938
9. ^A History of the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee 1929-1939 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081002085618/http://www.geschichteinchronologie.ch/judentum-aktenlage/hol/joint/Bauer_joint06-32-illegal-migration-by-ship-ENGL.html |date=2 October 2008 }}
10. ^Gordon Thomas and Max Morgan Witts, Voyage of the Damned (New York: Stein and Day, 1974), p. 37.
11. ^The Tragedy of the S.S. St. Louis
12. ^HANSARD 1803–2005 → 1940s → 1947 → March 1947 → 10 March 1947 → Written Answers (Commons) → BRITISH ARMY
13. ^British Armed Forces & National Service{{dead link|date=April 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
{{Cunard ships}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Orduna}}

7 : 1914 ships|Ocean liners|Passenger ships of the United Kingdom|Ships of the Pacific Steam Navigation Company|Steamships of the United Kingdom|Ships built in Belfast|Ships built by Harland and Wolff
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