| 词条 | Standardwing |
| 释义 |
| name = Standardwing | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = [1] | image = Semioptera wallacei by Bowdler Sharpe.jpg | genus = Semioptera | parent_authority = Gray, 1859 | species = wallacii | authority = G.R. Gray, 1859 }} The standardwing (Semioptera wallacii) also known as Wallace's standardwing, is a species of bird-of-paradise. It is the only member in monotypic genus Semioptera. EtymologyGeorge Robert Gray of the British Museum named this species in honor of Alfred Russel Wallace, British naturalist and author of The Malay Archipelago, who in 1858 was the first European to describe the bird. Subspecies
Conservation statusA common species in its limited habitat range, the standardwing is evaluated as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species [1] due to its increasingly fragmented habitat. It is listed on Appendix II of CITES. DescriptionCourtship displayThe males are polygamous. They gather and perform a spectacular aerial display, "parachuting" with wings and its vivid green breast shield spread, and the wing "standards" fluttering above its back. DistributionThe standardwing is endemic to North Maluku province in eastern Indonesia and is the westernmost species of the true birds-of-paradise. It can be found on the islands of Halmahera, Bacan, and Morotai. HistoryThe first introduction of a bird-of-paradise to Europe was a result of Ferdinand Magellan's first circumnavigation of the Earth. When the voyagers were at Tidore in December 1521, they were offered a gift of beautiful dead birds by the ruler of Bacan to give to the King of Spain. Based on the circumstances and description of the birds in Antonio Pigafetta's account of the voyage, they were likely standardwings. An alternate account by Maximilianus Transylvanus introduced the term Manucodiata (a corruption of the Malay manute-dewata; "bird of the gods"), used for birds-of-paradise up to the 19th century. Following its original discovery in 1858, the standardwing was not seen again for nearly 60 years, and then only a handful of times until 1953. No further sightings were reported until the British ornithologist David Bishop rediscovered the species in 1983 and began making the first detailed observations of its behaviour.[3] The standardwing was filmed for the first time in 1986 for the BBC nature documentary Birds for all Seasons, when a cameraman Michael W Richards stationed in the canopy captured footage of a male bird displaying.[3] Ten years later, David Attenborough observed a mass display of dozens of males for the BBC Natural World film "Attenborough in Paradise," leading him to speculate that the reason for their extravagant behaviour is to establish the hierarchy for breeding rights, rather than to directly impress the females.[4] References1. ^1 BirdLife International. 2017. Semioptera wallacii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T22706140A118483106. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22706140A118483106.en. Downloaded on 01 January 2019. 2. ^[https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id30303/ Biolib] 3. ^1 {{Cite episode| title = Everlasting Heat| series = Birds for all Seasons| credits = Produced by Jeffery Boswall and narrated by Magnus Magnusson| network = BBC| station = BBC Two| airdate = 1986-09-28}} 4. ^{{Cite episode| title = Attenborough in Paradise| series = Natural World| credits = Written and presented by David Attenborough| network = BBC| station = BBC Two| airdate = 1996-04-08}} External links{{Commons|Semioptera wallacii}}{{Wikispecies|Semioptera wallacii}}
3 : Paradisaeidae|Birds of the Maluku Islands|Birds described in 1859 |
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