| 词条 | Stanton Glantz |
| 释义 |
| name = Stanton Arnold Glantz | native_name = | native_name_lang = | image = | image_size = | alt = | caption = | birth_date = {{birth year and age|1946}} | birth_place = Cleveland, Ohio | death_date = | death_place = | death_cause = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | other_names = | residence = | citizenship = | nationality = | fields = Cardiology, public health | workplaces = University of California, San Francisco | patrons = | education = | alma_mater = University of Cincinnati, Stanford University | thesis_title = A mathematical approach to cardiac muscle physiology | thesis_url = https://www.worldcat.org/title/mathematical-approach-to-cardiac-muscle-physiology/oclc/38700110&referer=brief_results | thesis_year = 1973 | doctoral_advisor = | academic_advisors = | doctoral_students = | notable_students = | known_for = Research into health effects of tobacco and regulation of tobacco products | influences = | influenced = | awards = Elected to the Institute of Medicine in 2005 | author_abbrev_bot = | author_abbrev_zoo = | spouse = Marsha Glantz | partner = | children = Aaron and Frieda Glantz | signature = | signature_alt = | website = | footnotes = }} Stanton Arnold Glantz, Ph.D. (born 1946) is an American professor, author, and leading tobacco control activist. Glantz is Professor of Medicine in the Division of Cardiology, the American Legacy Foundation Distinguished Professor of Tobacco Control, and director of the Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine.[1] Glantz's research focuses on the health effects of tobacco smoking. Described as the "Ralph Nader of the anti-tobacco movement,"[2][2] Glantz is an activist for nonsmokers' rights and an advocate of public health policies to reduce smoking. He is the author of four books, including The Cigarette Papers[3] and Primer of Biostatistics.[4] Glantz is also a member of the UC San Francisco Cardiovascular Research Institute and Institute for Health Policy Studies[5] and co-leader of the UCSF Comprehensive Cancer Center Tobacco Program. He was elected to the Institute of Medicine in 2005. Early life and educationGlantz was the first of two children, born in Cleveland, Ohio, to Louis Glantz, an insurance salesman, and Frieda, a real estate broker. As a youth, Glantz took a great interest in the Soviet Union's Sputnik 1 satellite.[6] He was a member of the Boy Scouts of America, where he achieved the top rank of Eagle Scout, and earned a Bronze Palm for further achievements.[7] Glantz obtained a BSc in aerospace engineering from the University of Cincinnati in 1969, an MSc in applied mechanics from Stanford University in 1970, and in 1973, a PhD from Stanford in applied mechanics (concentrating on the mechanics of the human heart) and engineering-economic systems (EES is a Stanford department created in the late 1960s, integrating computers and engineering in "methods of systems and economic analysis to engineering problems involving policy and decision making, both in government and industry"[8]). Concurrently with his studies, he worked at NASA's Manned Spacecraft Center, first as a student trainee, then as an aerospace engineer. In 1973, Glantz carried out postdoctoral research on the mathematical modeling of heart tissue at Stanford, and then at the UCSF, where he has worked since 1977.[7][9] He served for 10 years as an Associate Editor of the Journal of the American College of Cardiology and is a member of the California State Scientific Review Panel on Toxic Air Contaminants of the California Air Resources Board. He is married to Marsha, a home-care nurse, and the father of journalist Aaron Glantz and daughter Frieda Glantz.[6] ResearchGlantz conducts research on a wide range of issues including the effects of secondhand smoke on the heart by studying reductions in heart attacks observed when smoke-free policies are enacted, and how the tobacco industry fights tobacco control programs. His research on the effects of secondhand smoke on blood and blood vessels concludes that, in terms of heart disease, the effects of secondhand smoke are nearly as large as those of smoking.[10] One such study demonstrated a large and rapid reduction in the number of people admitted to the hospital with heart attacks in Helena, Montana,[11] after that community made all workplaces and public places smokefree. Glantz is author or coauthor of numerous publications related to secondhand smoke and tobacco control, as well as many papers on cardiovascular function and biostatistics. He published the first study linking e-cigarettes to heart attacks in people.[12] He has written several books, including the widely used Primer of Biostatistics (which has been translated into Japanese, French, Russian, German, Italian, Japanese and Spanish), and Primer of Applied Regression and Analysis of Variance. In total, he is the author of 4 books and over 400 scientific papers, including the first major review (published in Circulation) which identified secondhand smoke as a cause of heart disease and the landmark 1995 Journal of the American Medical Association summary of the Brown & Williamson documents, which showed that the tobacco industry knew nicotine was addictive and that smoking caused cancer 30 years ago.[13] This publication was followed up with his book, The Cigarette Papers,[3] which has played a key role in the ongoing litigation surrounding the tobacco industry. His book Tobacco Wars: Inside the California Battles[14] chronicles the last quarter century of activism against the tobacco industry in California. Working with the UCSF Library, Glantz helped in making over 90 million pages of previously secret tobacco industry documents available via the internet on the UCSF Truth Tobacco Industry Documents, formerly known as the Legacy Tobacco Documents Library.[15] In February 2013, a paper co-authored by Glantz was published in the journal Tobacco Control. Entitled "‘To quarterback behind the scenes, third-party efforts’: the tobacco industry and the Tea Party", the paper detailed how the Tea Party political movement was funded and organized by organizations which were created by tobacco companies.[16] In March 2014 Glantz released a study concluding that "e-cigarette use is aggravating rather than ameliorating the tobacco epidemic among youths."[17] Thomas J. Glynn, a researcher at the American Cancer Society, responded that "The data in this study do not allow many of the broad conclusions that it draws"[18] In 2018, the National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine reviewed all the available evidence on e-cigarettes and youth and concluded that “there is substantial evidence that e-cigarette use increases risk of ever using combustible cigarettes among youth and young adults. [19] ActivismGlantz has been a leading researcher and activist in the nonsmokers' rights movement since 1978, when he helped lead an unsuccessful state initiative campaign to enact a nonsmokers' rights law by popular vote. In 1983, he helped successfully defend the San Francisco Workplace Smoking Ordinance against a tobacco industry-supported attempt to repeal it by referendum.[20] The San Francisco victory represented the first electoral defeat of such a tobacco industry sponsored referendum, and is now viewed as a major turning point in the battle for nonsmokers' rights.[9] He is one of the founders of Americans for Nonsmokers' Rights. In 1982 he was part of a group of health activists who resurrected the last remaining copy of the film Death in the West, previously suppressed by Philip Morris,[21][22] and developed an accompanying mini-course for fifth to tenth graders that has been used by over one million students.[23][9][24] He helped write and produce the films Secondhand Smoke, which concerns the health effects of involuntary smoking, and 120,000 Lives, which presents evidence that smoking in the movies recruits adolescent smokers and proposes solutions for reducing this effect.[9] He also wrote Tobacco: Biology and Politics[25] for high school students and The Uninvited Guest, a story about secondhand smoke, for second graders. In May, 1994, Glantz received at his UCSF office two boxes containing 4,000 documents leaked from Brown & Williamson, the third largest US cigarette manufacturer at the time. The material provided the first definitive proof that the tobacco industry had known for 30 years that nicotine was addictive and caused cancer, and had hidden that knowledge from the public. The documents became a landmark in tobacco litigation, medical scholarship, government policy, and corporate control of information.[26][27] With four co-authors, Glantz analyzed the documents and, with extensive excerpts, published the findings as The Cigarette Papers. Glantz appears in several investigative documentaries: Cigarette Wars (2011), a CNBC examination of how the tobacco industry in America "continues to thrive";[28] and Merchants of Doubt (2014), based on the non-fiction book, Merchants of Doubt, in which the leaked Brown & Williamson tobacco documents play a key role in illustrating tactics created by tobacco companies and copied by others.[29] Glantz was also an opponent[30] of the Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement (MSA), the "global settlement" of tobacco litigation proposed in 1996, in which the tobacco industry was to be granted de facto immunity from further litigation in exchange for payments to the states and acceptance of regulation by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.[31] The tobacco industry turned against and defeated this compromise, and defeated legislation introduced in Congress by Senator John McCain (R-AZ), after some public health advocates succeeded in getting the immunity provisions removed. Many of the provisions of the "global settlement"—but not the immunity or FDA provisions—were implemented by the (MSA) between the attorneys general of 46 states and the large tobacco companies. Glantz' analysis of the two agreements concluded that the MSA included most of the desirable provisions of the global settlement without the immunity provisions. In particular, the immunity provisions in the global settlement would have prevented the massive (and successful) federal Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO) lawsuit that the US Department of Justice won against the tobacco industry in 2007. He is now running a website, SmokeFreeMovies, which is working to end depictions of tobacco use in movies. ControversyKnown for being blunt and abrasive, Glantz embraces his public image and controversial positions on smoking, on occasion wearing a "Here Comes Trouble" T-shirt.[23][32] On December 6, 2017 a former postdoctoral researcher in Glantz's department filed a complaint of sexual harassment against him in San Francisco Superior Court. She alleges that Glantz subjected her to a variety of misogynistic, racially and sexually insensitive behavior from 2015 to 2017.[33][34] The alleged victim also claims that, when she complained about the harassment to the university, Glantz retaliated by removing her name from a research paper she had authored.[35]. The University investigated this claim and concluded that "the reason that Dr. Glantz did not include Dr. Neeley as an author when he initially submitted the manuscript on May 26, 2017 was that, despite repeated requests, Dr. Neeley had refused to grant Dr. Glantz permission to include her as an author on the paper."[36] In September 2018, Dr. Neeley settled her lawsuit against the Regents of the University of California and Prof. Glantz and the case was dismissed with prejudice. [37] Awards and honorsIn 2005, he was elected to the prestigious Institute of Medicine.[38] References1. ^{{cite web|title=Faculty Profiles|url=http://cardiology.ucsf.edu/facstaff/faculty_profiles.html|publisher=UCSF|accessdate=18 March 2014}} 2. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.statnews.com/2018/10/16/stanton-glantz-ucsf-sexual-harrassment/|title=UCSF settles sexual harassment suit involving star researcher|date=2018-10-16|website=STAT|language=en-US|access-date=2019-01-07}} 3. ^1 S. Glantz, et al., "The Cigarette Papers", University of California Press, 1996 4. ^S. Glantz, [https://books.google.com/books?id=GLRw3hylLOgC&dq=Stanton+A+Glantz Primer of Biostatistics] (6 ed), McGraw-Hill, 2005 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://healthpolicy.ucsf.edu/article/faculty|title=Faculty|work=ucsf.edu|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221225251/http://healthpolicy.ucsf.edu/article/faculty|archivedate=2014-02-21|df=}} 6. ^1 {{cite web | url=http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20141324,00.html | title=Battle of the Butts | work=People | date=20 May 1996 | accessdate=19 April 2015 | author=Howe, Rob | deadurl=bot: unknown | archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.people.com%2Fpeople%2Farchive%2Farticle%2F0%2C%2C20141324%2C00.html&date=2015-04-19 | archivedate=19 April 2015 | df= }} () 7. ^1 {{cite web | url=http://cancer.ucsf.edu/people/profiles/glantz_stanton.3512 | title=Stanton A. Glantz, PhD | publisher=University of California | accessdate=18 December 2014}} 8. ^{{cite web | url=https://web.stanford.edu/dept/MSandE/cgi-bin/about/history.php | title=Our History | publisher=Stanford Engineering (Stanford University) | accessdate=18 December 2014}} 9. ^1 2 3 {{cite web | url=http://healthpolicy.ucsf.edu/people/stanton-glantz-phd | title=Stanton A. Glantz, PhD | publisher=University of California | accessdate=16 December 2014 | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216090353/http://healthpolicy.ucsf.edu/people/stanton-glantz-phd | archivedate=16 December 2014 | df= }} 10. ^{{cite journal|last1=Barnoya|first1=J|last2=Glantz|first2=SA|title=Cardiovascular effects of secondhand smoke: nearly as large as smoking.|journal=Circulation|date=24 May 2005|volume=111|issue=20|pages=2684–98|doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.492215|pmid=15911719}} 11. ^{{cite web | title=The Helena Study (Abstract) | url=http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/abstract/bmj.38055.715683.55v1 | accessdate=2007-05-01}} 12. ^Alzahrani T, Pena I, Temesgen N, Glantz SA. Association Between Electronic Cigarette Use and Myocardial Infarction. American Journal of Preventative Medicine 2018 Oct; 55(4):455-461. {{PMID|30166079}} 13. ^Glantz SA, Barnes DE, Bero L, Hanauer P, Slade J. Looking through a keyhole at the tobacco industry. The Brown and Williamson documents. JAMA. 1995 Jul 19;274(3):219-24. {{PMID|7609230}} 14. ^S. Glantz and E. Balbach. "Tobacco War: Inside the California Battles", University of California Press, 2000 15. ^PBS Frontline, [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/smoke/interviews/glantz.html Interview with Stanton Glantz] for [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/smoke/ Smoke in the Eye], 1999. 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/brendan-demelle/study-confirms-tea-party-_b_2663125.html|title=Study Confirms Tea Party Was Created by Big Tobacco and Billionaire Koch Brothers|work=The Huffington Post}} 17. ^JAMA Pediatrics, 6 March 2014, Electronic Cigarettes and Conventional Cigarette Use Among US Adolescents, retrieved 6 Mar 2014 18. ^Sabrina Tavernise, [https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/07/health/young-users-of-e-cigarettes-less-likely-to-quit-smoking-study-finds.html?hpw&rref=health&_r=1 "Young Using E-Cigarettes Smoke Too, Study Finds"] New York Times March 6, 2014 19. ^http://nationalacademies.org/hmd/reports/2018/public-health-consequences-of-e-cigarettes.aspx 20. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.library.ucsf.edu/archives/tobacco/ | title=Tobacco Control Archives | publisher=University of California, San Francisco | accessdate=6 March 2019}} 21. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/1996/03/shoot-out-marlboro-country-contd |title=Shoot-Out in Marlboro Country (cont'd) |last1=Hochschild |first1=Adam |date=March 1996 |work=Mother Jones |publisher= |accessdate=June 2, 2013}} 22. ^{{cite web |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2507&dat=19820511&id=3_A9AAAAIBAJ&sjid=5EgMAAAAIBAJ&pg=4909,1826559 |title='Death in the West' to be resurrected |page=6 |date=May 11, 1982 |work=The Herald (Glasgow) |publisher= |accessdate=June 2, 2014}} 23. ^1 2 {{cite web | url=https://alumni.stanford.edu/get/page/magazine/article/?article_id=43514 | title=Tilting at Tobacco | publisher=Stanford University | accessdate=16 December 2014 | author=Robinson, Mark}} 24. ^{{cite web | url=http://tobaccodocuments.org/pm/2024977939-7940.html | title=ree Curriculum Guide and Broadcast of 'death in the West' 000129 and 000131 | publisher=Tobacco Documents Online | accessdate=16 December 2014 | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216135029/http://tobaccodocuments.org/pm/2024977939-7940.html | archivedate=2014-12-16 | df= }} 25. ^S. Glantz, Tobacco: Biology and Politics {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070301212618/http://www.tobaccofreecatalog.org/ProductDetails.aspx?id=1&prodid=J742 |date=2007-03-01 }}, WRS HealthEdCo 26. ^{{cite journal | url=http://www.dlib.org/dlib/november96/11butter.html | title=The Cigarette Papers: Issues in Publishing Materials in Multiple Formats |author1=Karen Butter |author2=Robin Chandler |author3=John Kunze |last-author-amp=yes | journal=D-Lib Magazine |date=November 1996 }} 27. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/smoke/readings/wienerarticle.html | title=The Cigarette Papers | publisher=PBS | date=1 January 1996 | accessdate=17 December 2014 | author=Wiener, Jon}} This is an authorized reprint of an article that appeared in The Nation in 1994. 28. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.cnbc.com/id/41644550#. | title=Cigarette Wars | publisher=CNBC | accessdate=8 March 2015}} 29. ^{{cite web | url=http://sonyclassics.com/merchantsofdoubt/ | title=Merchants of Doubt | publisher=Sony Pictures Classics | accessdate=8 March 2015}} 30. ^PBS Frontline, [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/settlement/interviews/glantz.html Interview with Stanton Glantz] for [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/settlement/ Inside the Tobacco Deal], 1997 31. ^Brion J. Fox J.D., James M. Lightwood Ph.D., and Stanton A. Glantz Ph.D., "A Public Health Analysis of the Proposed Resolution of [the 1997 United States] Tobacco Litigation" (February 1, 1998). Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education. Tobacco Control Policy Making: United States. Paper US1998.http://repositories.cdlib.org/ctcre/tcpmus/US1998 32. ^{{cite web | url=http://magazine.uc.edu/issues/0509/crusader.html | title=Anti-smoking crusader: Stanton Glantz, Eng '69 | publisher=UC Magazine (University of Cincinnati) | accessdate=18 December 2014 | author=Bach, John}} 33. ^Buzzfeed, (Dec 7, 2017), [https://www.buzzfeed.com/stephaniemlee/stanton-glantz-sexual-harassment-lawsuit A High-Profile Anti-Tobacco Crusader Is Being Sued For Sexual Harassment] Retrieved Dec 7, 2017 34. ^The Daily Californian (Dec 7, 2017), Former UCSF researcher sues UC regents, UCSF professor for alleged sex harassment Retrieved Dec 7, 2017 35. ^San Francisco Examiner, UCSF professor, prominent tobacco control activist accused of sexual harassment by former mentee Retrieved Dec 7, 2017 36. ^ https://tobacco.ucsf.edu/sites/tobacco.ucsf.edu/files/PAVLOVCAK%20Gregory_06-21-17.pdf 37. ^https://tobacco.ucsf.edu/sites/tobacco.ucsf.edu/files/wysiwyg/Neeley%2C%20Eunice%20-%20Settlement%20Agreement.PDF 38. ^{{cite web | url=https://tobacco.ucsf.edu/users/sglantz | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101204101712/http://tobacco.ucsf.edu/users/sglantz | dead-url=yes | archive-date=4 December 2010 | title=Stanton Glantz, PhD | work=University of California, San Francisco | accessdate=19 April 2015 }} External links
12 : Anti-smoking activists|American health activists|Activists from the San Francisco Bay Area|American medical writers|American male non-fiction writers|1946 births|Living people|Members of the National Academy of Medicine|University of California, San Francisco faculty|Tobacco researchers|American medical researchers|University of California, San Francisco alumni |
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