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词条 Star-throated antwren
释义

  1. Taxonomy

  2. Description

  3. Distribution and habitat

  4. Behaviour

     Breeding 

  5. References

  6. External links

{{speciesbox
| name = Star-throated antwren
| image = Flickr - Dario Sanches - CHOQUINHA-DE-GARGANTA-PINTADA (Myrmotherula gularis).jpg
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = [1]
| genus = Rhopias
| parent_authority = Cabanis & Heine, 1859
| species = gularis
| authority = (von Spix, 1825)
| synonyms = Myrmotherula gularis}}

The star-throated antwren (Rhopias gularis) is an insectivorous bird in the antbird family Thamnophilidae. It is endemic to the Atlantic Forest region of southeast Brazil. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and subtropical or tropical moist montane forest.

Taxonomy

The star-throated antwren was described and illustrated by the German naturalist Johann Baptist von Spix in 1825 and given the binomial name Thamnophilus gularis.[2] It was subsequently placed with the "stipple-throated group" in the genus Myrmotherula. When a morphological and genetic analysis published in 2012 found that the star-throated antwren was not closely related to other species in Myrmotherula it was moved to the monotypic genus Rhopias which had originally been erected by the German ornithologists Jean Cabanis and Ferdinand Heine in 1860.[3][4][5] The type species is the star-throated antwren.[6] The name of the genus comes from the Ancient Greek word rhōps meaning "bush".[7]

Description

The star-throated antwren is {{cvt|8.5|–|9.5|cm}} in length and weighs {{cvt|10|-|12|g}}. The male has rufous-brown upperparts, tail and {{Birdgloss|crissum}}. The forehead is greyish. The wing-coverts are black-brown with two buff bars. The throat is black with white spots. The breast and belly are grey. The female is similar in appearance to the male but has a rufous-brown forehead and larger spots on the throat.[8]

Distribution and habitat

The star-throated antwren occurs at altitudes of between {{cvt|300|and|1500|m}} in the Atlantic Forest region of south east Brazil. The range extends from the southern coastal area of Bahai to the north-eastern corner of Rio Grande do Sul.[9]

Behaviour

Breeding

The open cup-shaped nest is suspended from slender horizontal stems and placed at around {{cvt|50|cm}} above the ground, often near water. It is built from fine rootlets, fungal fibers and pieces of dried leaves. The clutch is invariably two eggs. These have a white background covered with reddish-brown spots and blotches. The average size of an egg is {{cvt|19.0|x|14.5|mm}} with a weight of {{cvt|2.2|g}}.[10] The eggs are incubated by both parents and hatch after around 17 days. The nestlings are cared for both parents and fledge after 11 days.[11]

References

1. ^{{cite web | author=BirdLife International | title=Rhopias gularis | work=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species | publisher=International Union for Conservation of Nature | year=2016 | url=http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/22701463/0 | doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22701463A93830926.en | accessdate=13 March 2018}}
2. ^{{ cite book | last=von Spix | first=Johann Baptist | author-link=Johann Baptist Ritter von Spix | year=1825 | title=Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX | volume=Volume 2 | language=Latin | place=Monachii (Munich) | publisher=Typis Franc. Seraph. Hübschmanni | page=30, Plate 41 fig. 2 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/41277985 }}
3. ^{{ cite journal | last1=Belmonte-Lopes | first1=R. | last2=Bravo | first2=G.A. | last3=Bornschein | first3=M.R. | last4=Maurício | first4=G. | last5=Pie | first5=M.R.| last6=Brumfield | first6=R.T. | year=2012 | title=Genetic and morphological data support placement of Myrmotherula gularis (Spix) in the monotypic genus Rhopias Cabanis and Heine (Aves: Passeriformes: Thamnophilidae) | journal=Zootaxa | volume=3451 | pages= 1–16 | url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ricardo_Belmonte-Lopes/publication/230787439_Genetic_and_morphological_data_support_placement_of_Myrmotherula_gularis_Spix_in_the_monotypic_genus_Rhopias_Cabanis_and_Heine_Aves_Passeriformes_Thamnophilidae/links/09e4150462983870f3000000/Genetic-and-morphological-data-support-placement-of-Myrmotherula-gularis-Spix-in-the-monotypic-genus-Rhopias-Cabanis-and-Heine-Aves-Passeriformes-Thamnophilidae.pdf }}
4. ^{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | year=2017 | title=Antbirds | work=World Bird List Version 8.1 | url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/antbirds/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | accessdate=4 February 2018 }}
5. ^{{ cite book | last1=Cabanis | first1=Jean | author1-link=Jean Cabanis | last2=Heine | first2=Ferdinand | author2-link=Ferdinand Heine | year=1860 | title=Museum Heineanum : Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine, auf Gut St. Burchard vor Halberstadt | volume=Volume 2 | language=German, Latin | place=Halbertstadt | publisher=R. Frantz | page=13 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/49587866 }}
6. ^{{ cite book | editor-last1=Dickinson | editor-first1=E.C. | editor1-link=Edward C. Dickinson | editor-last2=Christidis | editor-first2=L. | editor2-link=Leslie Christidis | year=2014 | title=The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World | volume=Volume 2: Passerines | edition=4th | place=Eastbourne, UK | publisher=Aves Press | isbn=978-0-9568611-2-2 | page=74 }}
7. ^{{cite book | last=Jobling | first=James A. | year=2010| title=The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | publisher=Christopher Helm | location=London | isbn= 978-1-4081-2501-4 | page=335 }}
8. ^{{cite web | last1=Zimmer | first1=K. | last2=Isler | first2=M.L. | last3=Kirwan | first3=G.M. | year=2018 | title=Star-throated Antwren (Rhopias gularis) | editor1-last=del Hoyo | editor1-first=J. | editor2-last=Elliott | editor2-first=A. | editor3-last=Sargatal | editor3-first=J. | editor4-last=Christie | editor4-first=D.A. | editor5-last=de Juana | editor5-first=E. | work=Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive | publisher=Lynx Edicions | url=https://www.hbw.com/node/56720 | accessdate=11 March 2018 | subscription=true }}
9. ^{{ cite book | last1=Ridgely | first1=Robert S. | author1-link=Robert S. Ridgely | last2=Tudor | first2=Guy | year=2009 | title=Birds of South America: Passerines | series=Helm Field Guides | place=London | publisher=Christopher Helm | isbn=978-1-408-11342-4 | page=342 }}
10. ^{{ cite journal | last1=Perrella | first1=D.F. | last2=Biagolini-Júnior | first2=C.H. | last3=Ribeiro-Silva | first3=L. | last4=Zima | first4=P.V.Q. | last5=Galetti | first5=P.M. Jr. | last6=Francisco | first6=M.R. | year=2015 | title=Nest, eggs, and nestlings of the Atlantic Forest endemic Star-throated Antwren (Rhopias gularis) | journal=Wilson Journal of Ornithology | volume=127 | issue=2 | pages=319–323 | doi=10.1676/wils-127-02-319-323.1 }}
11. ^{{ cite journal | last1=Perrella | first1=D.F. | last2=Biagolini Junior | first2=C.H. | last3=Ribeiro-Silva | first3=L. | last4=Zima | first4=P.V.Q. | last5=Francisco | first5=M.R.| year=2017 | title=Reproduction of the Atlantic Forest endemic star-throated antwren, Rhopias gularis (Aves: Thamnophilidae) | journal=Brazilian Journal of Biology | volume=77 | issue=2 | pages=356–360 | doi=10.1590/1519-6984.14715 | doi-access=free }}

External links

{{Wikispecies|Myrmotherula gularis}}
  • [https://www.xeno-canto.org/species/Rhopias-gularis Xeno-canto: audio recordings of the Star-throated Antwren]
{{Taxonbar|from=Q27075119}}{{DEFAULTSORT:antwren, star-throated}}{{Thamnophilidae-stub}}

5 : Thamnophilidae|Birds of the Atlantic Forest|Endemic birds of Brazil|Birds described in 1825|Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
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