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词条 Execution chamber
释义

  1. United States

      Locations of execution chambers in the United States  

  2. United Kingdom

  3. Japan

  4. Gallery

  5. See also

  6. Execution (Lethal Injection) Chambers

  7. References

{{Redirect|Death Chamber|the martial arts film|Shaolin Temple (1976 film)}}

An execution chamber, or death chamber, is a room or chamber in which a legal execution is carried out. Execution chambers are almost always inside the walls of a maximum-security prison, although not always at the same prison where the death row population is housed. Inside the chamber is the device used to carry out the death sentence.

United States

In the United States, an execution chamber will usually contain a lethal injection table. In most cases, a witness room is located adjacent to an execution chamber, where witnesses may watch the execution through glass windows. All except for one of the states which allow capital punishment are equipped with a death chamber, but many states rarely put them to use. The sole exception is New Hampshire, which has no execution chamber (although one inmate remains on death row). Kansas, Nevada, Wyoming, and California are the only states to have an execution chamber, which is equipped to execute an inmate by lethal injection, which has never been used, while the states of New Jersey and New York formerly had lethal injection chambers which were never used while the death penalty remained legal.

Locations of execution chambers in the United States

Execution chamber
FederalTerre Haute, Indiana (Federal Correctional Complex, Terre Haute)[2]
MilitaryTerre Haute, Indiana (Federal Correctional Complex, Terre Haute)[3]
StateExecution chamber
AlabamaEscambia County (Holman Correctional Facility)[4]
ArizonaFlorence (Arizona State Prison Complex - Florence)[5]
ArkansasLincoln County (Cummins Unit)[6]
CaliforniaMarin County (San Quentin State Prison)[7]
ColoradoFremont County (Colorado State Penitentiary)[8]
Connecticut{{Ref label>chambers|a|a}}Somers (Osborn Correctional Institution)[9]
DelawareNew Castle County (James T. Vaughn Correctional Center)[10]
FloridaBradford County (Florida State Prison)[11]
GeorgiaButts County (Georgia Diagnostic and Classification State Prison)[12]
IdahoKuna (Idaho Maximum Security Institution)
Illinois{{Ref label>chambers|b|b}}Tamms (Tamms Correctional Center)[13]
IndianaMichigan City (Indiana State Prison)
KansasLansing (Lansing Correctional Facility)
KentuckyEddyville (Kentucky State Penitentiary)[14]
LouisianaWest Feliciana Parish (Louisiana State Penitentiary)[15]
Maryland{{Ref label>chambers|c|c}}Baltimore (Metropolitan Transition Center)[16]
MississippiSunflower County (Mississippi State Penitentiary)[17]
MissouriBonne Terre (Eastern Reception, Diagnostic and Correctional Center)
MontanaPowell County (Montana State Prison)
NebraskaLincoln (Nebraska State Penitentiary)
NevadaWhite Pine County (Ely State Prison)[18]
New HampshireConcord (New Hampshire State Prison for Men)
New Jersey{{Ref label>chambers|d|d}}Trenton (New Jersey State Prison)
New Mexico{{Ref label>chambers|e|e}}Santa Fe County (Penitentiary of New Mexico)
New York{{Ref label>chambers|f|f}}chambers|g|g}}
North CarolinaRaleigh (Central Prison)[19]
OhioScioto County (Southern Ohio Correctional Facility)[20]
OklahomaMcAlester (Oklahoma State Penitentiary)[21]
OregonSalem (Oregon State Penitentiary)
PennsylvaniaBenner Township[22][23] (State Correctional Institution - Rockview)[24]
South CarolinaColumbia (Broad River Correctional Institution)[25]
South DakotaSioux Falls (South Dakota State Penitentiary)[26]
TennesseeNashville (Riverbend Maximum Security Institution)[27]
TexasHuntsville (Huntsville Unit)[28]
UtahDraper (Utah State Prison)
VirginiaGreensville County (Greensville Correctional Center)[29][30]
WashingtonWalla Walla (Washington State Penitentiary)[31]
Wyomingchambers|h|h}}
Notes:{{note label|chambers||a}} Death penalty abolished in 2012. All remaining inmates death sentences were commuted to life imprisonment by the Connecticut Supreme Court in 2015.{{note label|chambers||b}} Death penalty abolished in 2011. All condemned prisoners sentences were commuted to life imprisonment immediately upon abolition.{{note label|chambers||c}} Death penalty abolished in 2013. Remaining inmate's death sentences were commuted to life imprisonment by Gov. Martin O'Malley in 2014.{{note label|chambers||d}} Death penalty repealed in 2007.[32]{{note label|chambers||e}} Death penalty abolished in 2009; two prisoners remain on death row under sentences of death.{{note label|chambers||f}} Last death sentence reversed in 2007.{{note label|chambers||g}} Closed in 2008 under David Paterson's administration.[33]{{note label|chambers||h}} If an execution does occur, the state will use its parole board meeting room at the state prison.

United Kingdom

{{Unreferenced section|date=August 2010}}

In the United Kingdom, the execution chamber was part of a larger complex, often referred to as the "Execution Suite". The room, usually formed from two single prison cells, contained the large trapdoor, usually double-leaved, but in some older chambers such as at Oxford, single-leaved, and operating lever. The wooden beam from which the rope was suspended was usually set into the walls of the chamber above, with the floor removed. At Wandsworth Prison the floor was retained and holes allowed the rope and chains through. Oxford's chamber was of an old 19th-century type, and the beam was set into the walls of the chamber just above head height.

Such rooms were almost always built into one of the wings of a prison; following the recommendation of prison governors during the 1948 Royal Commission on capital punishment, further execution chambers were housed in purpose-built blocks, separate from the main prison. The last gallows to be constructed and used in Britain, at HMP Aberdeen, was built in 1962, and was used one year later for the hanging of Henry John Burnett, the last person to be executed in Scotland. A freestanding execution block was built at HMP Perth in 1965, but was never used. This was the last gallows to be constructed in the United Kingdom.

The last officially operational gallows in the United Kingdom (as several remained unofficially in other prisons), at Wandsworth Prison, was removed in 1994. Salvaged parts from it are currently in the possession of the National Galleries of Justice, having previously been at the HM Prison Service museum.

Japan

Japan has seven execution chambers used to kill condemned criminals. One is at the Tokyo Detention House. Hanging is Japan's method of execution. The execution chamber in Tokyo has a trap door. As the condemned dies, his or her body falls into a room below the execution chamber, and in that room the death is confirmed.[34] In the Tokyo facility, before the condemned is executed, he or she passes a statue of Amida Nyorai (Amitābha), a Buddhist deity. The execution room in Tokyo is in two sections, with both of them together the size of a 15 tatami mat room (270 square feet or 25 m²).[35]

Gallery

See also

  • Capital punishment
  • Prison

Execution (Lethal Injection) Chambers

{{Div col|colwidth=15em|rules=yes|gap=2em}}
  • Delaware
  • Pennsylvania
  • New Jersey
  • Georgia
  • Connecticut
  • Maryland
  • South Carolina
  • New Hampshire
  • Virginia
  • New York
  • North Carolina
  • Kentucky
  • Tennessee
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052207/http://www.10tv.com/content/graphics/2009/12/01/image_executions280.jpg Ohio]
  • Louisiana
  • Indiana
  • Mississippi
  • Illinois
  • Illinois
  • Alabama
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20110716135838/http://www.stephentrombleyproductions.com/films_files/Execution%20Protocol001.jpg Missouri]
  • Missouri
  • Arkansas
  • Florida
  • Texas
  • Texas
  • California
  • California
  • Oregon
  • Kansas
  • Nevada
  • Nebraska
  • Colorado
  • South Dakota
  • Montana
  • Washington
  • Idaho
  • Idaho
  • Wyoming
  • Utah
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20120514122207/http://thislandpress.com/wp-content/themes/thislandv2/timthumb.php?src=http%3A%2F%2Fthislandpress.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F02%2Fdeathchamber.png&w=490&zc=1 Oklahoma]
  • New Mexico
  • Arizona
  • Federal
  • China
  • Guatemala
  • Philippines
  • Thailand
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20060206130259/http://www.humanrights.cn/zt/magazine/pic/03010802.jpg Taiwan]
  • Vietnam
{{div col end}}

References

1. ^"Inside Death Row {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100626104338/http://channel.nationalgeographic.com/series/explorer/4082/Photos |date=2010-06-26 }}." National Geographic Explorer. Retrieved on September 28, 2010.
2. ^"Special Confinement Unit Opens at USP Terre Haute {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101203120241/http://www.bop.gov/news/press/press_releases/ipaspec.jsp |date=2010-12-03 }}." Federal Bureau of Prisons. July 13, 1999. Retrieved on October 3, 2010.
3. ^{{Cite news|title=Military sets date for first execution since 1961 |newspaper=AP |location=Topeka, Kan. |publisher=Military on MSNBC.com |date=November 20, 2008 |url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/27828874/ |accessdate=November 5, 2010 |quote=Army personnel will be responsible for conducting the execution in Indiana based on an agreement with the U.S. Bureau of Prisons. |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5mbPlufAZ?url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/27828874/ |archivedate=January 7, 2010 |df= }}, see also Ronald A. Gray
4. ^"Annual Report Fiscal Year 2003." Alabama Department of Corrections. 33/84 Retrieved on August 15, 2010. "The death chamber is located at Holman where all executions are conducted."
5. ^"Death Row Information and Frequently Asked Questions {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527105027/http://www.azcorrections.gov/adc/datasearch/dr_faq.asp |date=May 27, 2010 }}." Arizona Department of Corrections. Retrieved on August 16, 2010.
6. ^"State Capitol Week in Review." State of Arkansas. June 13, 2008. Retrieved on August 15, 2010. "Executions are carried out in the Cummins Unit, which is adjacent to Varner."
7. ^"MEDIA ACCESS FOR WILLIAMS EXECUTION {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100816091324/http://www.cdcr.ca.gov/News/1996_Press_Releases/press1996-12.html |date=2010-08-16 }}." California Department of Corrections. April 2, 1996. Retrieved on August 16, 2010. "The execution of Keith Daniel Williams is scheduled for Friday, May 3, 1996 at San Quentin State Prison."
8. ^"Death Row FAQ." ([https://www.webcitation.org/5s13KNOD2?url=http://www.doc.state.co.us/death-row-faq Archive]) Colorado Department of Corrections. Retrieved on August 15, 2010.
9. ^"Administration of Capital Punishment Directive Number 6.15." Connecticut Department of Correction. October 19, 2004. 1/9. Retrieved on August 16, 2010. "Execution Area. A series of four (4) contiguous rooms in the Osborn Correctional Institution {{sic|comprised |hide=y|of}} the..."
10. ^"JAMES T VAUGHN CORRECTIONAL CENTER (formerly DELAWARE CORRECTIONAL CENTER)." Delaware Department of Corrections. Retrieved on August 16, 2010.
11. ^"Death Row Fact Sheet {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100803163540/http://www.dc.state.fl.us/oth/deathrow/ |date=August 3, 2010 }}." Florida Department of Corrections. Retrieved on August 15, 2010.
12. ^"Office of Planning and Analysis: The Death Penalty {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722122439/http://www.dcor.state.ga.us/pdf/TheDeathPenaltyinGeorgia.pdf |date=2011-07-22 }}." Georgia Department of Corrections. January 2010. 3/15. Retrieved on July 18, 2010.
13. ^"Tamms Closed Maximum Security Unit: Ten-Point Plan Brief." Illinois Department of Corrections. 3 (9/51). September 3, 2009. Retrieved on September 1, 2010.
14. ^"Kentucky State Penitentiary Prepares For 165th Execution {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928084828/http://www.wlky.com/r/18007941/detail.html |date=2011-09-28 }}." WLKY. Retrieved on September 8, 2010.
15. ^"Officials prep for Bordelon's execution Thursday." The Advocate. January 6, 2010. Retrieved on August 24, 2010. "Laborde said Bordelon has been moved from Angola's new Death Row facility to a cell at nearby Camp F, where the execution chamber is located"
16. ^Calvert, Scott and Kate Smith. "Death row inmates transferred to W. Maryland." The Baltimore Sun. June 25, 2010. Retrieved on September 22, 2010.
17. ^Martin, Nathan. "Wilcher gets reprieve {{webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20110713193411/http://leadercall.com/homepage/x1593265578/Wilcher-gets-reprieve?keyword=leadpicturestory |date=2011-07-13 }}." Laurel Leader-Call. July 12, 2006. Retrieved on July 21, 2010.
18. ^{{cite web|author=Whaley, Sean|url=https://www.reviewjournal.com/crime/nevadas-new-860000-execution-chamber-is-finished-but-gathering-dust/|title=Nevada’s new $860,000 execution chamber is finished but gathering dust|publisher=Las Vegas Review-Journal|date=2016-11-27|accessdate=2017-04-23}}
19. ^"[https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/936354101.html?dids=936354101:936354101&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Dec+02%2C+2005&author=FROM+NEWS+SERVICES&pub=Chicago+Tribune&desc=Inmate+who+could+be+1%2C000th+execution+waits+for+family&pqatl=google nmate who could be 1,000th execution waits for family]." Chicago Tribune. December 2, 2005. Start Page 14. Retrieved on September 1, 2010. "... panes separating the viewing room from the stark execution chamber at Central Prison."
20. ^"Ohio Death Row Inmates {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100826045853/http://www.drc.ohio.gov/public/deathrow.htm |date=2010-08-26 }}." Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction. Retrieved on September 2, 100.
21. ^"Death Row {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090429043801/http://www.doc.state.ok.us/offenders/deathrow.htm |date=2009-04-29 }}." Oklahoma Department of Corrections. Retrieved on September 2, 2010.
22. ^"Benner Township Zoning Map." Zoning Ordinance {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725152405/http://benner.centreconnect.org/ordinances/BennerTownshipZoningOrdinance_002.pdf |date=2011-07-25 }}. Benner Township, March 2009. Retrieved on July 26, 2010
23. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/hide_rockview/11428 |title=Pennsylvania Department of Corrections: SCI Rockview |publisher=Pennsylvania Department of Corrections |accessdate=2010-07-26}}
24. ^"Death Penalty FAQ." Pennsylvania Department of Corrections. 2 (2/4). Retrieved on July 26, 2010.
25. ^"Death Row/Capital Punishment." South Carolina Department of Corrections. Retrieved on August 17, 2010.
26. ^"{{cite web |url=http://doc.sd.gov/adult/facilities/sdsptour.aspx |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2011-01-02 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110105165459/http://doc.sd.gov/adult/facilities/sdsptour.aspx |archivedate=2011-01-05 |df= }}"
27. ^"Death Penalty in Tennessee History." Tennessee Department of Correction. Retrieved on August 25, 2010.
28. ^"Frequently Asked Questions Victim Survivors Viewing Executions {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100825181315/http://www.tdcj.state.tx.us/faq/faq-victim.htm |date=2010-08-25 }}." Texas Department of Criminal Justice. Retrieved on August 15, 2010. "Executions in Texas normally take place after 6:00 p.m. at the Huntsville Unit in downtown Huntsville, Texas."
29. ^"Virginia Death Row/Execution Facts." My FOX DC. Tuesday November 10, 2009. Retrieved on August 22, 2010.
30. ^"Greensville Correctional Center/Greensville Work Center (major male institution)." Virginia Department of Corrections. Retrieved on August 22, 2010.
31. ^"Capital Punishment in Washington State." Washington State Department of Corrections. Retrieved on August 26, 2010.
32. ^Amick, George. "Amick: After Georgia debate, looking back on repeal of New Jersey's death penalty" ([https://www.webcitation.org/6gB6c0HGp?url=http://www.nj.com/mercer/index.ssf/2011/10/looking_back_on_repeal_of_new.html Archive]). Times of Trenton. October 10, 2011. Retrieved on March 21, 2016.
33. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.nypost.com/seven/07242008/news/regionalnews/gov_pulls_switch_on_death_cell_121295.htm | work=New York Post | first=Brendan | last=Scott | title=Gov Pulls Switch On Death Cell | date=July 24, 2008}}
34. ^Lendon, Brad. "Japan reveals long-secretive execution process." CNN. August 27, 2010. Retrieved on August 27, 2010.
35. ^"Diet members tour execution chamber." The Japan Times. Thursday July 24, 2003. Retrieved on August 27, 2010.
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