| 词条 | Stegomastodon |
| 释义 |
| name = Stegomastodon | status = fossil | fossil_range = Pliocene-Late Pleistocene ~{{fossil range|4.9|0.03}} | image = Stegomastodon mirificus - Smithsonian.JPG | image_caption = S. mirificus fossil at the Smithsonian Natural History Museum | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Chordata | classis = Mammalia | ordo = Proboscidea | familia = †Gomphotheriidae | genus = †Stegomastodon | genus_authority = Pohlig, 1912 | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision =
| type_species = }} Stegomastodon ('roof breast tooth') is an extinct genus of gomphotheres, a family of proboscideans. It is not to be confused with the genus Mammut from a different proboscidean family, whose members are commonly called "mastodons", nor with the genus Stegodon, from yet another proboscidean subfamily, whose members are commonly called "stegodonts". The Stegomastodon was one of the smaller species through the genus. It ranged through North and possibly South America. SpeciesThe following definite species have been described:[1]
Distribution{{main|List of gomphothere fossils in South America}}The South American Stegomastodon fossils could be reassigned to Notiomastodon. Still, in paleontological literature, the genus and species name are used, until in 2016.[6] DescriptionStegomastodon mirificus is known from NMNH 10707, a roughly 30-year-old male, of which most of the skeleton has been found. Alive, it stood about {{convert|2.6|m|ft|abbr=on}} tall, with a weight around {{convert|4.7|t|LT ST}}.[7] Like modern elephants, but unlike most of its closer relatives, it had just two tusks, which curved upward and were about {{convert|3.5|m|ft|sigfig=3|abbr=on}} long. Stegomastodons molars were covered in enamel and had a complex pattern of ridges and knobbly protrusions on them, giving the creature a large chewing surface that enabled it to eat grass. Its brain weighed about {{convert|11|lb|kg|sigfig=1|abbr=on}}.The genus lived in North America from the Zanclean of the Pliocene to the Late Pleistocene. The most recent specimens in the fossil record originate from Jalisco, Mexico, and date to 28,000 BP.[8] TaxonomyRevised taxonomy of Stegomastodon and other trilophodont gomphotheres according to Mothé et al., 2016:[9] {{clade|label1={{extinct}}Gomphotheriidae (Gomphotheres) |1={{clade |1={{extinct}}Gomphotherium |label2= |2={{clade |1={{extinct}}Gnathabelodon |label2= |2={{clade |1={{extinct}}Eubelodon |label2=Brevirostrine clade |2={{clade |1={{extinct}}Stegomastodon |label2= |2={{clade |1={{extinct}}Sinomastodon |label2= |2={{clade |1={{extinct}}Notiomastodon |label2= |2={{clade |1={{extinct}}Rhynchotherium |2={{extinct}}Cuvieronius }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }}{{clearleft}} References{{Portal|Paleontology|Prehistory of South America|Neogene}}1. ^Stegomastodon at Fossilworks.org {{Proboscidea Genera}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q136453}}{{paleo-mammal-stub}}2. ^{{cite journal|last=Labarca|first=R.|last2=Alberdi|first2=M.T.|last3=Prado|first3=J.L.|last4=Mansilla|first4=P.|last5=Mourgues|first5=F.A.|title=Nuevas evidencias acerca de la presencia de Stegomastodon platensis Ameghino, 1888, Proboscidea: Gomphotheriidae, en el Pleistoceno tardío de Chile central/New evidences on the presence of Stegomastodon platensis Ameghino, 1888, Proboscidea: Gomphotheriidae, in the Late Pleistocene of Central Chile|journal=Estudios Geológicos|volume=72|date=18 April 2016|url=http://estudiosgeol.revistas.csic.es/index.php/estudiosgeol/article/view/941/1075}} 3. ^{{cite journal|last1=Mothé|first1=Dimila|last2=dos Santos Avilla|first2=Leonardo|last3=Asevedo|first3=Lidiane|last4=Borges-Silva|first4= Leon|last5= Rosas|first5= Mariane|last6=Labarca-Encina|first6=Rafael|last7=Souberlich|first7= Ricardo|last8= Soibelzon|first8=Esteban|last9= Roman-Carrion|first9=José Luis |last10= Ríos|first10=Sergio D.|last11=Rincon|first11= Ascanio D.|last12=Cardoso de Oliveira|first12=Gina|last13=Pereira Lopes|first13=Renato |title=Sixty years after 'The mastodonts of Brazil': The state of the art of South American proboscideans (Proboscidea, Gomphotheriidae)|journal=Quaternary International |volume=443|pages=52–64|date=30 September 2016|doi=10.1016/j.quaint.2016.08.028}} 4. ^{{Cite journal|last=Lucas|first=Spencer G.|last2=Yuan|first2=Wang|last3=Min|first3=Liu|date=2013-01-01|title=The palaeobiogeography of South American gomphotheres|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095383615301292|journal=Journal of Palaeogeography|volume=2|issue=1|pages=19–40|doi=10.3724/SP.J.1261.2013.00015|doi-broken-date=2019-03-14}} 5. ^{{Cite journal|last=Dantas|first=Mário André Trindade|last2=Xavier|first2=Márcia Cristina Teles|last3=França|first3=Lucas de Melo|last4=Cozzuol|first4=Mario Alberto|last5=Ribeiro|first5=Adauto de Souza|last6=Figueiredo|first6=Ana Maria Graciano|last7=Kinoshita|first7=Angela|last8=Baffa|first8=Oswaldo|date=2013-12-13|title=A review of the time scale and potential geographic distribution of Notiomastodon platensis (Ameghino, 1888) in the late Pleistocene of South America|url=https://www.ipen.br/biblioteca/2013/19588.pdf|journal=Quaternary International|series=Quaternary in South America: recent research initiatives|volume=317|pages=73–79|doi=10.1016/j.quaint.2013.06.031}} 6. ^{{cite journal |last=Labarca |first=Rafael |last2=Alberdi |first2=María Teresa |last3=Prado |first3=José Luis |last4=Mansilla |first4=P. |last5=Mourgues |first5=F.A. |year=2016 |title=Nuevas evidencias acerca de la presencia de Stegomastodon platensis Ameghino, 1888, Proboscidea: Gomphotheriidae, en el Pleistoceno tardío de Chile central |url=http://estudiosgeol.revistas.csic.es/index.php/estudiosgeol/article/view/941/1075 |journal=Estudios Geológicos |volume=72 |pages=e046 |accessdate=2017-05-07 |doi=10.3989/egeol.42199.385}} 7. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Larramendi | first1 = A. | year = 2016 | title = Shoulder height, body mass and shape of proboscideans | journal = Acta Palaeontologica Polonica | volume = 61 | issue = | pages = | publisher = | jstor = | doi = 10.4202/app.00136.2014 | url = https://www.app.pan.pl/archive/published/app61/app001362014.pdf | format = | accessdate = }} 8. ^{{Cite journal|last=Alberdi|first=María Teresa|last2=Juárez-Woo|first2=Javier|last3=Polaco|first3=Oscar J.|last4=Arroyo-Cabrales|first4=Joaquín|date=2009-02-01|title=Description of the most complete skeleton of Stegomastodon (Mammalia, Gomphotheriidae) recorded for the Mexican Late Pleistocene|url=http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/schweiz/njbgeol/2009/00000251/00000002/art00006|journal=Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen|volume=251|issue=2|pages=239–255|doi=10.1127/0077-7749/2009/0251-0239}} 9. ^{{cite journal|last=Mothé|first=Dimila|last2=Ferretti|first2=Marco P.|last3=Avilla|first3=Leonardo S.|title=The Dance of Tusks: Rediscovery of Lower Incisors in the Pan-American Proboscidean Cuvieronius hyodon Revises Incisor Evolution in Elephantimorpha|journal=PLOS ONE|date=12 January 2016|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0147009|volume=11|page=e0147009}} 8 : Gomphotheres|Prehistoric mammal genera|Cenozoic mammals of North America|Pliocene proboscideans|Pleistocene proboscideans|Zanclean first appearances|Pleistocene genus extinctions|Fossil taxa described in 1912 |
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