| 词条 | Stephen Marglin |
| 释义 |
| name = Stephen A. Marglin | school_tradition = | color = | image = | image_size = | caption = | birth_date = | birth_place = California, United States | death_date = | death_place = | nationality = United States | institution = Harvard | field = | alma_mater = Harvard | influences = Karl Marx John Maynard Keynes Friedrich Hayek | influenced = | contributions = | awards = | signature = | repec_prefix = | repec_id = }}{{Communitarianism sidebar}}Stephen Alan Marglin is an American economist. He is the Walter S. Barker Professor of Economics at Harvard University, a fellow of the Econometric Society, and a founding member of the World Economics Association.[1] BackgroundMarglin grew up in a moderately left-wing Jewish family,[2] and attended Hollywood High School in Los Angeles[3] before moving to Harvard for his university studies in 1955.[4] He earned membership of Phi Beta Kappa,[2] and graduated summa cum laude (1959).[4] He was then honored with a Harvard Junior Fellowship (1960–63),[5] and was later a Guggenheim fellow.[6] CareerMarglin started out as a neoclassical economist, and was regarded, even while still an undergraduate, as the star of Harvard's economics department.[4] Arthur Maass, the Frank G. Thomson Professor of Government, Emeritus, at Harvard,[7] once remembered how Marglin, "when he was just a senior, wrote two of the best chapters in a book published by a team of graduate students and professors."[4] His exceptional early contributions to neoclassical theory[4] led to his becoming a tenured professor at Harvard in 1968, one of the youngest in the history of the university.[2] After the late 1960s, however, having been immersed in the events of that decade, and possessing the security of tenure and the psychological confidence of having made it to the top tier of mainstream economics, he followed the lead of people like Samuel Bowles, Herbert Gintis and Arthur MacEwan by turning his back on orthodox economics and permitting his left-wing world view to express itself in his academic work.[3][4][8] According to his former teacher, James Duesenberry, Marglin's career subsequently suffered as a result of his department and university taking a negative view of this transformation.[4] Brad DeLong noted in a similar vein that the wider community of Ivy League economists also took a rather dim view of Marglin's post-tenure "deviancy", something that has "not been pretty" to observe.[9] Marglin has published in areas including the foundations of cost–benefit analysis, the workings of the labor-surplus economy, the organization of production, the relationship between the growth of income and its distribution, and the process of macroeconomic adjustment.[10] He wrote the widely discussed[11] 1971-1974 paper "What do bosses do?", first published in France by his friend André Gorz,[12] followed by a series of others,[13] in which he argued that {{Quote|the most important innovation of the Industrial Revolution was not technological, but organizational: the linear hierarchy (master–journeyman–apprentice) typical of crafts in the premodern era was replaced by the pyramidal hierarchy (boss–foreman–worker) of the modern, capitalist enterprise. How did this happen? What hold did the capitalist have on the worker that permitted this new form of organization to thrive and eventually to dominate?The conventional answer is superior efficiency, a better mousetrap. If the capitalist enterprise comes into existence because of its superior efficiency, then the boss can entice the worker by offering him more money than the worker could earn on his own. […] By contrast, the answer in "Bosses" is that the capitalist organization of work came into existence not because of superior efficiency but in consequence of the rent-seeking activities of the capitalist.[14]}} Elsewhere, Marglin argued: "The obstacles to liberating the workplace lie not only in the dominance of classes in whose interest it is to perpetuate the authoritarian workplace, but also in the dominance of the knowledge system that legitimizes the authority of the boss. In this perspective, to liberate the workplace it is hardly sufficient to overthrow capitalism. The commissar turned out to be an even more formidable obstacle to workers' control than the capitalist."[15] "What do bosses do?" came as part of Marglin's disagreement with fellow Harvard professor David Landes over aspects of the Industrial Revolution;[16] years later, Landes wrote "What do bosses really do?" in reply.[17] Marglin is critical of those who explicitly set out to deny the normative aspect of economics—something that he believes "really started with the British economist Lionel Robbins"[18]—arguing that opposing ideology is "a methodological error": {{Quote | What is ideology, after all, but the unproved assumptions, beliefs, and values that must underlie any intellectual inquiry, or for that matter, any form of contemplation or action? […] As long as we deny the ideological component of our theories, we shall never transcend it.[19]}} Marglin's recent research has focused on the foundational assumptions of economics, concentrating on whether they represent universal human values or merely reflect western culture and history. The Dismal Science (2008) looks at, amongst other things, the manner in which community is steadily gutted as human relations are replaced with market transactions.[20] He is currently finishing a book entitled Raising Keynes: A 21st-Century 'General Theory{{'}}.[1] In line with his view of economics teaching as extremely narrow and restrictive, he teaches, every other year, an alternative to Greg Mankiw's course in introductory economics.[21][22][23][24] Partial publications listBooks{{refbegin}}
Articles, papers, and chapters{{refbegin}}
| title = We Have to Wake up and Smell the Flowers | url = http://www.elgaronline.com/downloadpdf/journals/ejeep/8-2/ejeep.2011.02.01.xml | journal = European Journal of Economics and Economic Policies: Intervention | volume = 8 | number = 2 | pages = 237–245 | year = 2011 }}
Political and other viewsA liberal in his earlier years, since the mid-1960s Marglin has been a Leftist,[3] and has even been labelled a Marxist,[2] though he describes himself as Marxist "only in the sense of not being anti-Marx."[4] He identifies as a cultural Jew and a secular humanist, and maintains his practice of Judaism for the sense of community it provides.[25] Marglin was arrested in 1972 while demonstrating against the Vietnam War.[2] He supported the Occupy movement,[26] and contributed to a teach-in at Occupy Harvard.[27] Personal lifeMarglin is married to cultural anthropologist Frédérique Apffel-Marglin. They have four children.[10] Daughter Jessica Marglin is an assistant professor of Jewish Studies. Notes1. ^1 {{Cite web | title = Marglin's Curriculum Vitae | url = http://scholar.harvard.edu/files/marglin/files/cv_122013_0.pdf | accessdate = 30 August 2015 }} 2. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news |last= Groll |first= Elias J. |date= 1 June 2009 |title= Radical Harvard economics professor defies 'established order' of the 1950s |url= http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2009/6/1/stephen-a-marglin-in-1972-he/ |newspaper= The Harvard Crimson |accessdate= 29 October 2012 }} 3. ^1 2 {{cite news |last= Lee |first= Tom |date= 12 May 1975 |title= The Radicalization of Stephen Marglin |url= http://www.thecrimson.com/article/1975/5/12/the-radicalization-of-stephen-marglin-pbcbambridge/ |newspaper= The Harvard Crimson |accessdate= 29 October 2012 }} 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite news |last1= Drucker |first1= Linda S. |last2= Rabinovitz |first2= Jonathan D. |date= 12 March 1980 |title= Stephen Marglin |url= http://www.thecrimson.com/article/1980/3/12/stephen-marglin-pbonce-the-jewel-of/|newspaper= The Harvard Crimson |accessdate= 29 October 2012 }} 5. ^{{cite web |title= Current and Former Junior Fellows: Listing by Term |url= http://www.socfell.fas.harvard.edu/current%20and%20former%20jf%20term.html |publisher= Society of Fellows, Harvard University |accessdate= 29 October 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130116051400/http://www.socfell.fas.harvard.edu/current%20and%20former%20jf%20term.html |archive-date= 2013-01-16 |dead-url= yes |df= }} 6. ^{{cite web |title= Stephen A. Marglin: 1975 Fellow, Economics |url= http://www.gf.org/fellows/9372-stephen-a-marglin |publisher= gf.org |accessdate= 26 October 2012 |deadurl= yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20130104160806/http://www.gf.org/fellows/9372-stephen-a-marglin |archivedate= 4 January 2013 |df= }} 7. ^{{cite news |last1= Mansfield |first1= Harvey |author1-link= Harvey Mansfield |last2= Cooper |first2= Joseph |last3= Rudolph |first3= Susanne |last4= Beer |first4= Samuel |author4-link= Samuel Beer |date= 14 June 2007 |title= Arthur Maass: Faculty of Arts and Sciences—Memorial Minute |url= http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2007/06/arthur-maass/ |newspaper= Harvard Gazette |accessdate= 9 November 2012 }} {{cite web |title= Arthur Maass: 1954 Fellow, Political Science |url= http://www.gf.org/fellows/9154-arthur-maass |publisher= John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation |accessdate= 9 November 2012 |deadurl= yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20130103213108/http://www.gf.org/fellows/9154-arthur-maass |archivedate= 3 January 2013 |df= }} 8. ^{{cite news |title= MacEwan Accepts One-Year Contract In Economics Dept. |url= http://www.thecrimson.com/article/1974/3/14/macewan-accepts-one-year-contract-in-economics/ |newspaper= The Harvard Crimson |date= 14 March 1974 |accessdate= 29 October 2012 }} 9. ^{{Cite web | last = DeLong | first = Brad | date = 20 June 2008 | title = Ask the Gemeinschaft: E. Roy Weintraub and Stephen Marglin Edition | url = http://delong.typepad.com/sdj/2008/06/ask-the-gemeins.html | website = Grasping Reality | accessdate = 30 August 2015 }} 10. ^1 {{cite web |title= Stephen Marglin: Biography |url= http://scholar.harvard.edu/marglin/biocv |publisher= harvard.edu |accessdate= 18 August 2012 }} 11. ^Willy Gianinazzi, André Gorz. Une vie, Paris, La Découverte, 2016, p. 160; {{Harvnb|Bryer|2002|p=17}}. 12. ^Marglin, 1973, {{Harvnb|Marglin|1974}}. 13. ^{{Harvnb|Marglin|1975}}; {{Harvnb|Marglin|1979}}; {{Harvnb|Marglin|1984b}}; Chapter 7 in {{Harvnb|Marglin|1990b}}; {{Harvnb|Marglin|1991}}. 14. ^{{Harvnb|Marglin|2008|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=d_lYHlp72EQC&pg=PA153 153–4]}}. 15. ^{{cite journal |last= Marglin |first= Stephen |title= Why Is So Little Left Of The Left? |url= http://zmagazine.zcommunications.org/ScienceWars/stephen_marglin.htm |journal= Z Papers |issue= October–December 1992 |accessdate= 29 October 2012 }} 16. ^{{Harvnb|Tunzelmann|2001|p=10. "[The] debate, in regard to the First Industrial Revolution, […] between Stephen Marglin and David Landes [was] over which was the more potent symbol of that revolution—the factory, interpreted as a governance mechanism, or the machinery? Landes' original survey ({{Harvnb|Landes|1969}}), drawn on his background in entrepreneurial history, had suggested a combination of technological and cultural factors explaining why Britain came first and why it later dropped behind. Marglin (1974), from a background in radical economics, instead took a strong labour-process view, in a paper entitled "What Do Bosses Do?" For him it was the control entrusted to the 'bosses' through the factory system that crucially defined that Industrial Revolution. {{Harvp|Landes|1986}} replied with a restatement more strongly favouring the technology as the sine qua non of early industrialisation. Both sides could accept some interdependence between governance changes and technological changes, but remained committed to their respective views about priority". }} 17. ^{{Harvnb|Landes|1986}}. 18. ^{{cite journal |author = Interview with Marglin|year = 2008|title = Why Thinking Like an Economist Can Be Harmful to the Community|journal = Challenge|volume = 51|issue = 2|pages = 13–26|doi = 10.2753/0577-5132510203}} 19. ^{{Harvnb|Marglin|2002|p=48}}. 20. ^The Dismal Science, from the book's page on the Harvard University Press website. 21. ^{{cite news |last= White |first= Lawrence H. |authorlink= Lawrence H. White |date= 10 March 2003 |title= Letter: Marglin Is Biased, Too |url= http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2003/3/10/marglin-is-biased-too-to-the/ |newspaper= The Harvard Crimson |accessdate= 15 November 2012 }} 22. ^{{cite news |last= Shea |first= Christopher |date= 14 December 2011 |title= The Econ-Alternative at Harvard |url= https://blogs.wsj.com/ideas-market/2011/12/14/the-econ-alternative-at-harvard/ |publisher= WSJ.com |accessdate= 29 October 2012 }} 23. ^{{Cite web | author = Concerned students of Economics 10 | date = 2 November 2011 | title = An Open Letter to Greg Mankiw | url = http://harvardpolitics.com/harvard/an-open-letter-to-greg-mankiw/ | accessdate = 13 November 2013 | publisher = harvardpolitics.com }} 24. ^{{Cite web | title = Stephen Marglin: Occupy Harvard, Economics and Ideology | url = http://ineteconomics.org/blog/inet/stephen-marglin-occupy-harvard-economics-ideology | accessdate = 10 December 2011 | work = The Institute Blog | publisher = Institute for New Economic Thinking | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120110010655/http://ineteconomics.org/blog/inet/stephen-marglin-occupy-harvard-economics-ideology | archivedate = 10 January 2012 | df = }} 25. ^{{cite news |last= Fiske |first= Courtney A. |date= 7 November 2007 |title= Dershowitz, Gross and Marglin reflect on being 'Jewish in 2007' |url= http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2007/11/7/profs-discuss-jewish-identity-most-days/ |newspaper= The Harvard Crimson |accessdate= 29 October 2012 }} 26. ^{{Cite web|title=Economists Statement in Support of Occupy Wall Street|url=http://econ4.org/statement-on-ows|publisher=econ4.org|accessdate=25 July 2013}} 27. ^{{cite web |title= Stephen Marglin: Interviews and Lectures: Occupy Harvard Teach-In on Heterodox Economics |url= http://scholar.harvard.edu/marglin/content/interviews-and-lectures |publisher= harvard.edu |date= 7 December 2011 |accessdate= 29 October 2012 |deadurl= yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20130522183600/http://scholar.harvard.edu/marglin/content/interviews-and-lectures |archivedate= 22 May 2013 |df= }} His Occupy lecture is available on [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pf0-E8X-GHo YouTube]. Bibliography{{Refbegin}}
External links{{Refbegin}}
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