| 词条 | Stephen Roskill | ||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|name=Stephen Wentworth Roskill |honorific-suffix= {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|commas=on|CBE|DSC}} |birth_date=1 August 1903 |death_date= 4 November 1982 |image= |caption= |nickname= |birth_place= London, England |death_place= Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, England |allegiance= {{flag|United Kingdom}} |branch= {{navy|United Kingdom}} |serviceyears=1921–1949 |rank=Captain |unit= |commands= |battles=Second World War |awards=Commander of the Order of the British Empire Distinguished Service Cross |relations=Eustace Roskill, Baron Roskill |laterwork=Royal Navy Official Historian of the Second World War Senior Research Fellow at Churchill College, Cambridge University }} Captain Stephen Wentworth Roskill, {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|commas=on|CBE|DSC|FBA}} (1 August 1903 – 4 November 1982) was a senior career officer of the Royal Navy, serving during the Second World War and, after his enforced medical retirement, served as the official historian of the Royal Navy from 1949 to 1960. He is now chiefly remembered as a prodigious author of books on British maritime history. Naval careerThe son of John Henry Roskill, K.C. a barrister, and Sybil Dilke, Stephen Roskill was born in London, England and joined the Royal Navy in 1917, attending the Royal Naval College at Osborne House and then the Britannia Royal Naval College at Dartmouth, Devon. As a midshipman Roskill served on the light cruiser {{HMS|Durban|D99|2}} on the China Station before returning to practise gunnery at Greenwich and Portsmouth. In 1930, he married Elizabeth Van den Bergh, with whom he had seven children. Roskill served at sea as gunnery officer of the carrier {{HMS|Eagle|1918|2}} on the China Station from 1933–1935. Afterwards he instructed at the gunnery school {{HMS|Excellent|shore establishment|6}}, and in 1936 he was given the prize gunnery appointment in the navy, that of the newly reconstructed dreadnought {{HMS|Warspite|03|2}} till 1939, was a member of the Naval Staff, 1939–1941, then served as executive officer of {{HMNZS|Leander||6}} in 1941–1944.[1] On 13 July 1943 Leander was part of a task group of predominantly American warships off the Solomon Islands, when they engaged a force of Imperial Japanese Navy ships. During the action, Leander was torpedoed and severely damaged. For his actions in helping keep the ship afloat, Roskill was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross. In March, 1944 he was promoted acting captain and sent to join the British Admiralty delegation in Washington, D.C. as chief staff officer for administration and weapons. He was the senior British observer at the Bikini Atomic tests in 1946, and served as Deputy Director of Naval Intelligence, 1946–48 before retiring as a captain, due to increasing deafness caused by exposure to gun detonations. Career as a naval historianOn retiring from active service in 1948, Roskill was appointed by the Cabinet Office Historical Section to write the official naval history of the Second World War. His three volume work The War at Sea was published between 1954 and 1961. In 1961, Roskill was elected a senior research fellow of Churchill College, Cambridge, where he was instrumental in the foundation of the Churchill Archives Centre. The centre holds 180 boxes of Roskill's personal and research papers. After retirement, he was a visiting lecturer at several universities, including being Lees Knowles Lecturer in 1961, the Distinguished Visiting Lecturer at the U.S. Naval Academy in 1965, and Richmond Lecturer at Cambridge University in 1967. He was elected a vice president of the Navy Records Society in 1964 and an honorary vice president in 1974. Honours and awardsRoskill was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross on 21 March 1944 as commander in HMNZS Leander when she was torpedoed in the Pacific. In 1946 he was awarded the American Legion of Merit. He was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the 1971 New Year Honours and received an honorary Doctor of Literature degree from Cambridge University in 1970, from the University of Leeds in 1971, and from Oxford University in 1980. He was an elected a Fellow of The British Academy. Dates of rank
Notes1. ^The executive officer (XO) and second-in-command of a capital ship was known as "the commander". 2. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web |url=http://www.unithistories.com/officers/RN_officersR2.html |title=Royal Navy (RN) Officers 1939–1945 |accessdate=2008-02-25 |work= }} Citations{{reflist}}References{{refbegin}}
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12 : 1903 births|1982 deaths|English naval historians|Royal Navy officers|Royal Navy officers of World War II|Recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross (United Kingdom)|Commanders of the Order of the British Empire|Commanders of the Legion of Merit|Fellows of Churchill College, Cambridge|Fellows of the British Academy|Graduates of Britannia Royal Naval College|20th-century English historians |
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