| 词条 | St. Mary's Lighthouse |
| 释义 |
| name = St Mary's Lighthouse | image_name = St Mary's lighthouse from shore. - geograph.org.uk - 496897.jpg | image_width = | caption = St Mary's Lighthouse | location = St Mary's Island Tyne and Wear England | pushpin_map = Tyne and Wear | pushpin_map_caption = Tyne and Wear | pushpin = lighthouse | coordinates = {{coord|55.071656|-1.449444|display=inline,title}} | coordinates_footnotes = | yearbuilt = 1898 | yearlit = | automated = 1982 | yeardeactivated = 1984 | foundation = | construction = brick tower | shape = tapered cylindrical tower with balcony and lantern | marking = white tower and lantern | height = {{convert|46|m|ft}} | focalheight = | lens = | currentlens = | lightsource = | intensity = | range = {{convert|17|nmi|abbr=on}} | characteristic = Fl(2) W 20s. | fogsignal = | racon = | admiralty = | ARLHS = ENG-145 | managingagent = North Tyneside Borough Council[1] | heritage = Grade II listed }} St. Mary's Lighthouse is on the tiny St Mary's (or Bait) Island, just north of Whitley Bay on the coast of North East England. The small rocky tidal island is linked to the mainland by a short concrete causeway which is submerged at high tide. HistoryThe lighthouse and adjacent keepers' cottages were built in 1898 by the John Miller company of Tynemouth, using 645 blocks of stone and 750,000 bricks. It was built on the site of an 11th-century monastic chapel, whose monks maintained a lantern on the tower to warn passing ships of the danger of the rocks. A first-order 'bi-valve' rotating optic was installed by Barbier & Bénard of Paris, very similar to the one they had provided the previous year for Lundy North Lighthouse;[2] it displayed a group-flashing characteristic, flashing twice every 20 seconds. The lamp was powered by paraffin, and was not electrified until 1977; St Mary's was by then the last Trinity House lighthouse lit by oil.[3] DecommissioningThe lighthouse was decommissioned in 1984[4] (just two years after its conversion to automatic operation). At the time, its fine first-order fresnel lens was removed by Trinity House and put on display in their museum in Penzance. A few years later, St Mary's was opened as a visitor attraction by the local council. In place of the original, Trinity House offered a smaller optic from their decommissioned lighthouse at Withernsea, and this can still be seen at the top of the tower.[5] Following closure of the Penzance lighthouse museum, the original lens was returned to St Mary's in 2011 to be put on display.[6] The lighthouse todaySince 2012 St Mary's lighthouse has been grade II listed.[7] While it no longer functions as a working lighthouse, it is easily accessible (when the tide is out) and regularly open to visitors; in addition to the lighthouse itself there is a small museum, a visitor's centre, and a cafe. The cottage was upgraded with a wood pellet boiler in 2014.[8] In 2017 a renovation plan for the site (including roof-top viewing platforms and various glass-covered extensions) was rejected by the local planning authority due to environmental concerns. A new refurbishment proposal (to include rebuilding the original optic) was presented in 2018;[9] however the Heritage Lottery Fund later turned down North Tyneside Council's £2.1m funding application.[10] Another Victorian lighthouse may be found a few miles to the south of the River Tyne. Souter Lighthouse is also now decommissioned, and open to visitors. Souter Lighthouse can be seen with the naked eye from the top of St Mary's Lighthouse.[11] See also{{stack|{{Portal|North East England|Lighthouses}}}}
References1. ^[https://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/lighthouse/engne.htm St. Mary's] The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved 26 April 2016 2. ^1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Lighthouse 3. ^{{cite book|last1=Jones|first1=Robin|title=Lighthouses of the North East Coast|date=2014|publisher=Halsgrove|location=Wellington, Somerset}} 4. ^http://www.northtyneside.gov.uk/browse-display.shtml?p_ID=29091&p_subjectCategory=646 5. ^{{cite web|title=World Lighthouse Society Fall 2004 Newsletter Volume 2 Issue 3}} 6. ^{{cite web|title=Worldwide lighthouses website|url=http://www.worldwidelighthouses.com/Lighthouses/English-Lighthouses/Privately-Owned/St-Marys}} 7. ^{{PastScape|mnumber=1038989 |mname=ST MARYS LIGHTHOUSE|accessdate=17 November 2011}} 8. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.newsguardian.co.uk/news/local/firing-up-the-savings-at-lighthouse-cottage-1-6579951|title=St Mary's Island Cottage |date=April 25, 2014 |work=News Guardian |location=Whitley Bay |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307225046/https://www.newsguardian.co.uk/news/local/firing-up-the-savings-at-lighthouse-cottage-1-6579951|archivedate=2016-03-07}} 9. ^{{cite web |title=St Mary's Lighthouse new £2m revamp plans unveiled |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-tyne-43183329 |website=BBC News |accessdate=3 July 2018}} 10. ^{{cite web |title=Whitley Bay's St Mary's Lighthouse revamp plans are dealt a huge blow |url=https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north-east-news/st-marys-lighthouse-whitley-bay-15260628 |website=Chronicle Live |accessdate=5 March 2019}} 11. ^Personal observation External links{{commonscat|St. Mary's Lighthouse}}
9 : Lighthouses completed in 1898|Towers completed in 1898|Lighthouses in England|Buildings and structures in the Metropolitan Borough of North Tyneside|Museums in Tyne and Wear|Lighthouse museums in England|Whitley Bay|Grade II listed lighthouses|Grade II listed buildings in Tyne and Wear |
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