| 词条 | St. Paul's Church (Halifax) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = St Paul's Church | fullname = St Paul's in the Grand Parade | image = Halifax - NS - St. Paul’s Church.jpg | imagesize = | imagelink = | imagealt = | landscape = | caption = St Paul's Church | pushpin map = | pushpin label position = | pushpin map alt = | pushpin mapsize = | map caption = | latd = | latm = | lats = | latNS = | longd = | longm = | longs = | longEW = | coordinates = {{coord|44|38|51|N|63|34|29|W|type:landmark_region:CA|display=inline,title}} | osgraw = | osgridref = | location = 1749 Argyle Street Halifax, Nova Scotia B3J 3K4 | country = Canada | denomination = Anglican | previous denomination = | churchmanship = Low church | membership = | attendance = | website = Official site | former name = | bull date = | founded date = {{start date|1750|06|13|df=y}} | founder = | dedication = | dedicated date = | consecrated date = | cult = | relics = | events = | past bishop = | people = | status = | functional status = | heritage designation = | designated date = | architect = James Gibbs[1] | architectural type = Georgian | style = | groundbreaking = | completed date = 2 September 1750{{Designation list |embed=yes |designation1=NHSC |designation1_offname=St. Paul’s Anglican Church National Historic Site of Canada |designation1_date=1981 |designation2=Nova Scotia |designation2_number=00PNS0006 |designation2_type=Provincially Registered Property |designation2_date=7 November 1983}} | construction cost = | closed date = | demolished date = | capacity = | length = | width = | width nave = | height = | diameter = | other dimensions = | floor count = | floor area = | dome quantity = | dome height outer = | dome height inner = | dome dia outer = | dome dia inner = | spire quantity = | spire height = | materials = | parish = | deanery = | archdeaconry = | episcopalarea = | archdiocese = | metropolis = | diocese = | province = | presbytery = | synod = | circuit = | district = | division = | subdivision = | archbishop = | bishop = | dean = | subdean = | provost = | provost-rector = | viceprovost = | canon = | canonpastor = | precentor = | archdeacon = | prebendary = | rector = | vicar = | curate = | priestincharge = | priest = | asstpriest = | minister = | assistant = | honpriest = | deacon = | deaconness = | seniorpastor = | pastor = | abbot = | chaplain = | reader = | organistdom = | director = | organist = | organscholar = | chapterclerk = | laychapter = | warden = | businessmgr = | liturgycoord = | reledu = | rcia = | youthmin = | flowerguild = | musicgroup = | parishadmin = | serversguild = | logo = | logosize = | logolink = | logoalt = }} St. Paul's Church is an evangelical Anglican church in downtown Halifax, Nova Scotia, within the Diocese of Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island of the Anglican Church of Canada. It is located at the south end of the Grand Parade, an open square in downtown Halifax with Halifax City Hall at the northern end. Built during Father Le Loutre's War, it is the oldest surviving Protestant church in Canada and the oldest building in Halifax.[2] There is also a crypt below the church and the St. Paul's Church Cemetery. The official chapel of the church was the Little Dutch (Deutsch) Church. Saint Paul's was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1981.[3][4] In 1981, it was designated a Municipal Registered Heritage Property by the former City of Halifax, and in 1983 it was designated a Provincially Registered Heritage Property both under the provincial Heritage Property Act.[1] History{{History of Halifax, Nova Scotia}}It was founded in 1749 (the same year as the Halifax colony). The construction was begun in 1750 and is based on the ground plan of Gibbs' Marybone Chapel (later St. Peter's, Vere Street) in London, with later additions such as a larger tower. The Reverend William Tutty (1715–1754) opened the church on September 2, 1750.[5] Rev. William Tutty was the first minister (1750–54); followed by Rev. John Breynton (1754–91) and Rev. Thomas Wood (1752–64), who served at the same time.[6] The church also served as the site for the initial congregation of St. Matthew's United Church (Halifax) until this church was built. During the French and Indian War (the North American theatre of the Seven Years' War), the church was the site of the burials of two prominent Nova Scotians: Governor Charles Lawrence. (d.1760) and Catholic Priest Pierre Maillard, the latter ceremony was attended by a large number of Mi'kmaq people. (Also during the war, the church was where Horatio Gates married Elizabeth Phillips in 1754.) Soon after the war, Vice-Admiral Philip Durell (d. 1766) was buried after having participated in the Siege of Louisbourg (1758) and the Siege of Quebec (1759). During the American Revolution the church held burial ceremonies for Francis McLean (d. 1781) who defended New Ireland (Maine) during the war; Capt Henry Francis Evans (d.1781) who died in the Naval Battle off Cape Breton (1781); Baron Oberst Franz Carl Erdmann von Seitz Hatchment (d.1782) who was the commander of the Hessian soldiers that defended Lunenburg in the Raid on Lunenburg (1782); and Governor Michael Francklin (d. 1782), whose funeral was also attended by a large number of Mi'kmaq people. After the American Revolution, with the creation of the Diocese of Nova Scotia in 1787, St. Paul's was given the Bishop's seat, making it the first Anglican cathedral outside of Great Britain. It served as the cathedral from 1787–1864.[7] The diocese included Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, St. Johns (now Prince Edward Island), and across Quebec and Ontario to Windsor, and Bermuda. For many decades it was one of the only places of worship in Halifax, and other denominations would thus hold services in the building. During the Halifax Explosion of 1917, a piece of wooden window frame from another building was lodged into the wall of St. Paul's Church, where it remains today. Prominent MonumentsMenWomenArt workSome of the monuments in the church are by stone carvers that were leaders in their field during the nineteenth century. The two most valuable sculptures are on monuments by John Gibson (for Richard John Uniacke, Jr.) and another monument by Sir Francis Leggatt Chantrey (for Amelia Ann Smyth). Both Gibson and Chantry were famous British sculptors during the Victorian era and have numerous sculptures in the Tate, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston and Westminster Abbey. Ministers (1749–1824)
The Crypt and CommemorationsThe crypt contains the remains of 20 congregants which are listed below.[15] Also indicated below are those that have been commemorated in the church through a plaque, a hatchment or a window. Founders of HalifaxAmerican RevolutionFrench Revolutionary Wars (1792–1802)
Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815)
Second Boer War
WW1Uniacke FamilyThe family of Richard John Uniacke dominates the plaques and monuments in St. Paul's Church. (On separate occasions, two Uniacke family members stood trial for murder.) Almon FamilyThe memorials to the family of Dr. William James Almon also dominant the church. There were four generations of doctors in the family that had a significant impact on the field of medicine in the province.
Other
Notable eventsMarriagesFuneralsRoyal Visits
Halifax ExplosionSt. Paul's Church played a significant role in the Halifax Explosion. Doctors used the church as an emergency hospital, using the two vestries to tend to the wounded, while the bodies of the dead were stacked on top of each other around the walls of the nave.[37] Most of the windows were smashed and there was wide cracks in the roof. It was the only church in the city considered safe enough to conduct a service the following day. All the congregations used the church to conduct burial ceremonies. There remains two artifacts in the church from this disaster: the "Explosion Window", which. shattered to form a silhouette of a man's head and shoulders. The congregation concluded that the silhouette is the likeness of Abbe Moreau, who arrived with Cornwallis. There is also a piece of a steel window frame that remains embedded in the wall of the vestibule above the inside doors to the church. See also{{Portal|Anglicanism}}
ReferencesTexts
Endnotes 1. ^1 {{CRHP|3065|St. Paul's Anglican Church|16 April 2013}} 2. ^It was the second protestant church ever established in Canada. The first was Cathedral of St. John the Baptist (St. John's), Newfoundland (1699). 3. ^{{CRHP|12134|St. Paul's Anglican Church National Historic Site of Canada|16 April 2013}} 4. ^{{DFHD|297|St. Paul's Anglican Church National Historic Site of Canada}} 5. ^{{cite book |title='Fitzhenry and Whiteside Book of Canadian Facts and Dates' |last=Pound |first=Richard W. |publisher=Fitzhenry and Whiteside |year=2005}} 6. ^Breynton was absent from 1785–1791. 7. ^{{cite book|last=Baxter Emsley|first=Sarah|title=St. Paul's in the Grand Parade|year=1999|publisher=Formac Publishing Company Ltd|location=halifax|isbn=0-88780-487-X|pages=4}} 8. ^https://archive.org/stream/acadiensisquarte05jackuoft#page/98/mode/1up/search/ussher 9. ^[https://books.google.ca/books?id=jrYTAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA81&lpg=PA81&dq=Hon.+Sebastien+Zouberbuhler+lunenburg&source=bl&ots=Asgh5tnTVU&sig=qqKUMn2kgYMIhSy89CoEZ8Xws_0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjyrIrYtqvPAhXFuB4KHe4SB1UQ6AEIJTAB#v=onepage&q=Hon.%20Sebastien%20Zouberbuhler%20lunenburg&f=false p. 81] 10. ^[https://books.google.ca/books?id=TkA3AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA184&lpg=PA184&dq=Joshua+Wingate+Weeks&source=bl&ots=iAy0Q5Smfs&sig=8BHy03BMXM5IDuGEemtKSAt8R2Q&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj9yfqD2b3PAhUKez4KHTATC1AQ6AEISjAG#v=onepage&q=Joshua%20Wingate%20Weeks&f=false The Church of England in Nova Scotia and the Tory Clergy of the Revolution By Arthur Wentworth Hamilton Eaton, p. 184] 11. ^[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=aeu.ark:/13960/t5m914g43;view=thumb;seq=1 A sermon, preached in St. Paul's Church, Halifax: on the occasion of the death of the Revd. William Cogswell, A.M., curate of said parish, on Sunday, 13th June, 1847 / by Robert Willis.] 12. ^https://archive.org/details/cihm_22739/page/n49 13. ^http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/willis_robert_9E.html 14. ^{{cite DCB|first=C. E.|last=Thomas|title=Wood, Thomas|volume=4|url=http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/wood_thomas_1711_78_4E.html}} 15. ^For the list see J. Philip McAleer. A pictorial history of St. Paul's Anglican Church, Halifax, Nova Scotia 1 edition Appendix 2, 1993. pp.142–143 16. ^While a display inside the church states that Buckeley is buried in the crypt, according to J. Philip McAleer, the evidence that Bulkeley was buried in the church is circumstantial. This circumstantial evidence rests on the fact that he helped establish the church and was an active member in it for 51 years. Also Buckeley is reported to have had the largest funeral ceremony ever to be in Halifax up to that date. Further, his wife Mary Rous has a headstone in the St Paul's Church Cemetery, while Buckeley does not. Rev Hill, however reports that Bulkeley's grave is marked by a rude stone in St. Paul's Church cemetery, presumably close to the gravestone of his wife Mary Rous. (See [https://archive.org/stream/collectionsofnov02nova#page/68/mode/1up Collections of the Nova Scotia Historical Society, Vol. 2, p. 69]) 17. ^[https://archive.org/stream/1913t19chaptersinhistor00eatouoft#page/653/mode/1up p. 289] 18. ^Colonel of the Hesse Cassel Garrison Regiment Von Seitz - see Hessian (soldiers). The Baron fought in the American Revolution, particularly on 16 November 1776, he captured Fort Washington; 1776-1778, Garrisoned New York; 1778-1783, Garrisoned Halifax. See "The Hessians of Nova Scotia" by John H Merz and Winthrop P. Bell entitled, "A Hessian conscript's account of life in garrison at Halifax at the time of the American Revolution". Collections of the Nova Scotia Historical Society, Volume 27, 1947 19. ^Barry Cahill, “The Career of Chief Justice Bryan Finucane,” Nova Scotia Historical Society Collections, vol. 42 (1986), pp. 153-69. 20. ^https://archive.org/stream/acadiensisquarte05jackuoft#page/98/mode/1up/search/ussher 21. ^http://www.stpaulshalifax.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Great-War-Panels-website.compressed_11.pdf 22. ^http://66.43.22.135/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GSob=n&GSsr=41&GScid=2203785&GRid=163057397& 23. ^Canadian Biography 24. ^5 Mar 1813, Halifax, arrived the Sylph, Capt. Douglas, from Bermuda, having lost her boats and anchors in bad weather after parting from the Childers, and reports the Britannia, with whom she separated on 20 Feb., now arrived Halifax 11 Mar. 25. ^Captain John Mudge b. 1792 d. 1872 m. Sarah Jessie Henrietta Colton b. 1796 d. 1818. Dolphin, about October 1777, captured the 100-ton brigantine Salisbury (John Mudge). Dolphin was sent into Massachusetts, where she was libeled in the Massachusetts Court of the Middle District on 6 November 1777, with trial set for 27 November.46 26. ^Possibly the wife of Thomas Hardy, captain of HMS Triumph; daughter of George Cranfield Berkeley 27. ^https://memoryns.ca/st-pauls-church-halifax-sunday-school 28. ^http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/willis_robert_9E.html 29. ^[https://archive.org/stream/collectionsofnov01novauoft#page/n49/mode/1up Collections of the Nova Scotia Historical Society. Vol. 1, p. 44] 30. ^father of Edward Winslow (loyalist), his former home now belongs to the Mayflower House Museum 31. ^Winslow's tombstone is inscribed in part "his fortune suffered shipwreck in the storm of civil war", the "civil war" being the American Revolution, American Patriots fighting American Loyalists. 32. ^[https://archive.org/stream/1913t19chaptersinhistor00eatouoft#page/312/mode/1up p. 786] 33. ^1 https://archive.org/stream/winslowmemorialf0001holt#page/58/mode/2up/search/nova+scotia 34. ^https://archive.org/stream/collectionsmass35socigoog#page/n190/mode/2up/search/edward 35. ^https://archive.org/stream/collectionsofnov12nova#page/n111/mode/2up 36. ^{{cite book|last=Baxter Emsley|first=Sarah|title=St. Paul's in the Grand Parade|year=1999|publisher=Formac Publishing Company Ltd|location=Halifax|isbn=0-88780-487-X|pages=47–48}} 37. ^C.E. Thomas. St. Paul's Church, Halifax, Revisited. Collections of the Nova Scotia Historical Society. 1961. Vol. 33, pp. 26-27. External links{{Commons}}
9 : Anglican church buildings in Nova Scotia|Heritage sites in Nova Scotia|Religious organizations established in 1749|Anglican congregations established in the 18th century|Churches in Halifax, Nova Scotia|Churches completed in 1750|National Historic Sites in Nova Scotia|Churches on the National Historic Sites of Canada register|Culture of Nova Scotia |
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