| 词条 | Sturgeon chub |
| 释义 |
| name = Sturgeon chub | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = [1] | image = Sturgeon chub.jpg | taxon = Macrhybopsis gelida | display_parents = 3 | authority = (Girard, 1856) | synonyms = *Gobio gelidus Girard, 1856
The sturgeon chub (Macrhybopsis gelida) is a species of ray-finned minnow fish in the Cyprinidae family. It is found only in the United States. It is a species of concern in the Charles M. Russell National Wildlife Refuge in Montana.[2] Names and documentationThe type species was collected in the Milk River in Montana, and described by Charles Frédéric Girard in 1856.[3] Girard named it Gobio gelidus, but it was reclassified as Hybopsis gelidus in 1900 and Macrhybopsis gelidus in 1935.[3] A new classification of Hybopsis gelida was suggested in 1965.[3] Description and habitatThe sturgeon chub is slender, streamlined fish with a long, flat snout.[4][7] The snout resembles that of a sturgeon, which gives the fish its name. Adults grow to be about {{convert|3|in|cm}} in length.[5] There is a small barbel near the corner of the mouth, and small pustules on the throat.[3] The scales on the sturgeon chub's back and sides have a small ridge-like projection known as a "keel". The purpose of the keel is not established, but may help the fish stabilize and orient itself in fast currents[4] or as a means of detecting currents.[5] The eyes are small and it does not see well.[6] The fish's color ranges from silvery-white on the belly to silvery sides, with a light-brown back.[7] The tail is deeply forked, with the lower lobe darker than the upper lobe.[7] The body fins are triangular,[15] slightly rounded,[3] and straight-edged (unlike the sicklefin chub).[8] The last dorsal fin ray extends beyond the first ray of the depressed fin.[8] Little is known about its feeding habits,[9] although it does have teeth in its throat.[7] The body is covered with taste buds which help it locate food.[10] It lives in waters which are little populated by other small fish, but can be found associating with the flathead chub, sicklefin chub, and speckled chub.[7] Sturgeon chub exhibits little sexual dimorphism, and neither sex exhibits color changes during breeding. However, the male does develop small tubercles behind the gills during breeding.[9] It lays eggs on gravel or clean sand to reproduce.[4] Breeding probably occurs in June.[11] The habitat of the sturgeon chub is murky river bottoms in fast-flowing streams with gravel bottoms.[4] Its habitat extends over the Missouri River and its primary tributaries, the lower Mississippi River in the states of Mississippi and Louisiana, and some streams in northeastern Wyoming.[4] Increased silt and the construction of dams (which cause silt to settle and slow river currents) have destroyed extensive portions of its habitat.[4] It remains common in the middle Missouri River, but rare elsewhere.[8] The United States Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) estimated in 2001 that it only inhabited about 59 percent of its former range.[12] References1. ^{{cite journal |author=NatureServe |title=Macrhybopsis gelida |journal=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |volume=2014 |page=e.T12583A19034143 |publisher=IUCN |year=2014 |url=http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/12583/0 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T12583A19034143.en |access-date=8 November 2017}} 2. ^U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Draft Comprehensive Conservation Plan and Environmental Impact Statement: Charles M. Russell National Wildlife Refuge and UL Bend National Wildlife Refuge, Montana. U.S. Department of the Interior. September 2010, p. 60. Accessed 2012-04-27. 3. ^1 2 3 4 Smith, Philip Wayne. The Fishes of Illinois. Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2002, p. 78. 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 Marshall Cavendish Corporation. Endangered Wildlife and Plants of the World. New York: Marshall Cavendish, 2001, p. 267. 5. ^1 Johnsgard, Paul A. The Nature of Nebraska: Ecology and Biodiversity. Lincoln, Neb.: University of Nebraska Press, 2005, p. 174. 6. ^Marshall Cavendish Corporation, p. 267-268. 7. ^1 2 3 4 Pflieger, William L. and Smith, Pat. The Fishes of Missouri. Jefferson City, Mo.: Missouri Department of Conservation, 1997, p. 9. 8. ^1 2 Page, Lawrence M. and Burr, Brooks. Peterson Field Guide to Freshwater Fishes of North America North of Mexico. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2011, p. 104. 9. ^1 2 Marshall Cavendish Corporation, p. 268. 10. ^Savage, Candace. Prairie: A Natural History. Vancouver, B.C.: Greystone Books, 2011, p. 180. 11. ^Smith, p. 79. 12. ^Stukel, E.D. "Sturgeon and Sicklefin Chubs." South Dakota Conservation Digest. May/June 2001, p. 25. Further reading
4 : Macrhybopsis|Freshwater fish of the United States|Fish described in 1856|Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
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