| 词条 | Stylophora |
| 释义 |
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Middle Cambrian|Moscovian|latest=301|Middle Cambrian - Late Carboniferous|ref=[1]}} | image = Castericystis sprinklei - MHNT - Millard County, Utha, USA.jpg | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Echinodermata | subphylum = Homalozoa | classis = Stylophora | classis_authority = Gill & Caster, 1960 | subdivision_ranks = Genera | subdivision =
}} The stylophorans are an extinct, possibly polyphyletic group allied to the Paleozoic Era echinoderms, comprising the prehistoric cornutes and mitrates.[2] It is synonymous with the subphylum Calcichordata. DescriptionThe general stylophoran body plan consists of a flattened theca and a single jointed appendage which extends from it. Stylophoran tests are composed of stereom calcite plates like an echinoderm, which has traditionally been the basis for assigning them to Echinodermata. However, they also lack the radial symmetry characteristic of most other echinoderms, with the earlier members of the group being flattened and asymmetrical, and the later ones closer to bilateral symmetry. In Mitrocystites and perhaps in other forms its stem does not end in an attachment organ, and the stem more likely served the organism as a tail for movement.[3] Cothurnocystis is asymmetrical and boot-shaped, and Mitrocystites is bilaterally symmetrical and more streamlined. It has additionally been suggested that some or all of its members might have had gill slits like a chordate, and that their stems contained a notochord.[4] This reconstruction lead to the alternative hypothesis that some or all of the stylophorans may have been ancestral to the chordate branch of the deuterostomes, rather than being within the echinoderms, although this was later disproven upon the discovery of soft tissue in a study published in 2019. See also
References1. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.livescience.com/64832-ancient-starfish-relative-mystery-solved.html|title=480-Million-Year-Old Mystery Creature Finally Identified from Its Preserved Guts|website=LiveScience|last=Geggel|first=Laura|date=22 February 2019}} 2. ^{{cite journal | doi = 10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.02.021 | title = Early Palaeozoic palaeobiogeography and palaeoecology of stylophoran echinoderms | year = 2007 | author = Lefebvre, B | journal = Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology | volume = 245 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 156–199 }} 3. ^{{cite journal | title = A brief review of the stylophoran debate | year = 1999 | author = Ruta, M | journal = Evolution & Development | volume = 1 | issue = 2 | pages = 123–135 | pmid = 11324028 | doi=10.1046/j.1525-142x.1999.99008.x}} 4. ^{{cite book |title= The Ancestry of the Vertebrates|last= Jefferies|first= R. P. S.|year= 1986|publisher= Cambridge University Press|location= New York, NY, USA|isbn= 978-0-521-34266-7}} External links
4 : Paleozoic echinoderms|Cambrian echinoderms|Homalozoa|Prehistoric deuterostome classes |
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