| 词条 | Subdivisions of Belgrade | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| image_map = File:Belgrade Municipalities (with numbers).png | mapsize = 300 | map_caption = }} The city of Belgrade is divided into 17 municipalities.[1] Most of the municipalities are situated on the southern side of the Danube and Sava rivers, in the Šumadija region. Three municipalities (Zemun, Novi Beograd, and Surčin) are on the northern bank of the Sava, in the Syrmia region, and the municipality of Palilula, spanning the Danube, is in both the Šumadija and Banat regions. Municipalities
Governmental structureA municipality is a part of the territory of the City of Belgrade, in which certain operations of local self-government laid down by the City Charter are run. Pursuant to the Constitution, legislation, present Charter and bylaws of the municipality, the citizens participate in conducting operations of the municipality through the councilors elected to the municipal assembly, civil initiative, local citizens’ meeting and referendum. The bodies of the municipality are:
The number of councilors in the Municipal Assembly ranges from 19 to 75 councilors. The District Council Chairman presides over the Municipal Assembly, and he/she is a chairperson of the Municipal Council. The Municipal Assembly elects the District Council Chairman among the municipal councilors. The Municipal Council is composed of the District Council Chairman, Deputy District Council Chairman and at the most 7 members. The Municipal Council members are elected by the Municipal Assembly among both councilors and citizens further to the proposal by the District Council Chairman. HistoryDuring the Austrian occupation of northern Serbia 1718-1739, Belgrade was divided by the governing Austrian authorities on 6 districts: Fortress, Serbian town (modern Kosančićev Venac, German town (modern Dorćol), Lower Serbian town (Savamala), Karlstadt (Palilula) and the Great military hospital (Terazije-Tašmajdan).[3] Administration of Belgrade City was established in 1839, according to the Law on the organization of municipalities. In 1841 the administration was made independent from the Ministry of interior, though the government still supervised the courts, police and administration.[4] First proposal for the town's subdivision into the quarters originates from 1847. It envisioned 6 quarters: Metropolitan, Zerek (Dorćol), Savamala, Terazije, Palilula and Vračar.[3] In December 1859, mayor of Belgrade, at that time called "city administrator", Nikola Hristić, suggested the division of Belgrade into quarters, which would move the city further from the oriental way of administration and mark the beginning of the modern, European way of local governing. Ministry of interior forwarded his request to the State Council and to Prince of Serbia Miloš Obrenović. They accepted the proposition and on {{OldStyleDate|5 September|1860|24 July}}, Prince Miloš signed ukaz by which Belgrade, with some 3,000 houses at the time, was divided into six quarters. The quarters were sub-areal organs of the municipal administration and had certain jurisdiction over political and public security, construction, administrative works, education, health care, social care, etc.[5] By the 1883 census, the city had a population of 36,177, or by the quarters: Palilula 7,118, Terazije 6,333, Vračar 5,965, Dorćol 5,728, Savamala 5,547 and Varoš 4,519. Remaining 767 inhabitants lived in Topčider, which wasn't organized as a quarter.[6][7] Additional quarter called Grad (Town), which occupied the fortress area while it was inhabited, existed between the censuses of 1890 and 1910.[8] After the May Coup, a new law was adopted on {{OldStyleDate|18 June|1903|5 June}} which created a modern local self-governance. The city was administered by the cabinet of the president of the municipality, with offices for different aspects of city life, like modern secretariats. Two specific directories were the one for the trams and another for the social and health care.[4] Still, the division on six quarters remained until the Austro-German occupation of the city in 1915, during World War I. After the liberation in 1918, city was administratively expanded to include its outer suburbs Dušanovac, Voždovac, Topčider and Čukarica.[5] Quarters of Belgrade by the censues:[7][8][9][10]
In 1922 a new statute envisioned a regular elections for the city assembly every 3 years. Winning party would de allocated two thirds of the seats, while the rest would be divided among the opposition parties, using the proportional system. After the 6 January Dictatorship was introduced by the king Alexander I of Yugoslavia in 1929, part of the 1922 statute was abolished and the opposition's third in the city assembly was allocated by the prerogative of the Minister of the Interior. Administratively, area of Belgrade was expanded.[4] Towns of Zemun, across the Sava, and Pančevo, across the Danube, were annexed to the city territory on 4 October 1929,[11] forming the Administration of Belgrade City, but remained separate settlements. Zemun lost its separate status and became part of the Belgrade settlement in 1934.[12] The area of the city was divided into 14 quarters (including the original 6),[5] for the purposes of the more effective administration, police and courts.[4] In 1935 3 additional quarters were formed, lifting the total number to 17.[4] After the World War II liberation in 1944, new Communist authorities abolished the quarters on formed 14 raions. They were later merged, leaving a total of 7 raions. Administratively, Belgrade consisted of the City of Belgrade, which covered the urban area (divided into raions), and the Zemun and Vračar districts (srez), which covered the suburban areas. As the city expanded, almost entire area of the Vračar District today also makes urban section.[4]
In May 1952 the city was reorganized in 23 municipalities: 14 urban (Voždovac, Vračar, Zvezdara, Lekino Brdo, Neimar, New Belgrade, Palilula, Savski Venac, Skadarlija, Stari Grad, Stari Đeram, Terazije, Topčidersko Brdo, Čukarica); 8 suburban (Bežanija, Borča, Žarkovo, Železnik, Krnjača, Ovča, Padinska Skela, Rakovica); and municipality of Zemun.[4] On 1 September 1955 Vračar was divided into East Vračar and West Vračar and the municipality of Karaburma was created, lifting the number of municipalities to 25. In 1955, parts of the Zemun, Vračar and Podunavlje districts merged into the new, Belgrade District, which encircled the urban area of the city and consisted of 35 municipalities. At this point, the area was enlarged to 2,090 km².[14][15][16] Since then, municipalities were being merged, abolished an annexed. In July 1955 many municipalities, especially from the Belgrade District, have been annexed to the municipalities. For example:[14]
Enlargement of the municipalities continued by the reorganization on 3 January 1957:[14]
After the 1955/58 reorganization of municipalities and districts, Barajevo, Obrenovac, Sopot and Grocka became parts of Belgrade. Further changes by 1960 included:[14][15][16]
By the constitutional reforms in 1963, People's Boards, which administered the municipalities were transformed into the Municipal Assemblies.[5] By that time, Belgrade consisted of 15 municipalities: Barajevo, Čukarica, Grocka, Krnјаča, New Belgrade, Obrenovac, Palilula, Savski Venac, Sopot, Stari Grad, Surčin, Voždovac, Vračar, Zemun and Zvezdara. In 1965 municipalities of Surčin (annexed to Zemun) and Krnjača (annexed to Palilula) were abolished, reducing the number of municipalities to 13. Additionally, with the abolishment of Kolari municipality and its division between Smederevo and Grocka, former municipalities of Umčari, Pudarci and Kamendol were annexed to Grocka and, thus, to Belgrade. Municipalities of Lazarevac (14) and Mladenovac (15) were added in 1971, finishing the formation of the present city territory. Rakovica (16) was reestablished in 1974 after splitting from Čukarica, while Surčin (17) split from Zemun in 2003. Development of the Belgrade administrative division by the census years:[15][16][17]
TodaySince 2006, all municipalities which constitute the cities are officially named “city municipalities”, so all 17 municipalities of the City of Belgrade were legally renamed (City municipality of Zemun, City municipality of Sopot, etc.).[5] The name is administrative and same for all municipalities, regardless of the statistical (urban/rural) or practical and colloquial division (urban/suburban). As of 2018, there are:[17]
See also
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.beograd.rs/cms/view.php?id=201906|title=Urban Municipalities|publisher=Official website|accessdate=2007-07-10}} 2. ^{{cite book | title = Statistical yearbook of the Republic of Serbia 2017 | date = 2017 | page = 462 | editor = Dušan Gavrilović | publisher = Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia | issn = 0354-4206 }} 3. ^1 {{cite web | url = http://arhiva.glas-javnosti.rs/arhiva/2004/09/03/srpski/BG04090204.shtml | title = Kako su nastali gradski kvartovi | trans-title = How the city quarters were formed | date = 3 September 2004| publisher = Glas Javnosti | language = Serbian }} 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{Citation | author = Nikola Belić | title = Varoš, obština, kvartovi, rejoni... | trans-title = Town, municipality, quarters, raions... | newspaper = Politika | language = Serbian | date = December 2011 }} 5. ^1 2 3 4 {{Citation | author = Slobodan Kljakić | title = Od šest kvartova do sedamnaest opština | trans-title = From six quarters to seventeen municipalities | newspaper = Politika | language = Serbian | date = 2 August 2010 }} 6. ^{{Citation| author = Dejan Aleksić| title = Šest decenija opštine Palilula - Nekad selo, a danas urbana celina grada| newspaper = Politika | pages = | language = Serbian | date = 9 May 2017}} 7. ^1 [https://twitter.com/EniturZeb/status/905362555698384896 Belgrade by the 1883 census] 8. ^1 {{cite book | title = Претходни резултати пописа становништва и домаће стоке у Краљевини Србији 31 декембра 1910 године, Књига V, стр. 10 | trans-title = Preliminary results of the census of population and husbandry in Kingdom of Serbia on 31 December 1910, Vol. V, page 10 | date = 1911 | publisher = Управа државне статистике, Београд (Administration of the state statistics, Belgrade) }} 9. ^{{cite book | title = Final results of the census of population from 31 January 1921, page 4 | date = June 1932 | publisher = Kingdom of Yugoslavia - General State Statistics, Sarajevo }} 10. ^{{cite book | title = Final results of the census of population from 31 March 1931, page 12 | date = 1937 | publisher = Kingdom of Yugoslavia - General State Statistics, Belgrade }} 11. ^{{cite book|title=Službene novine KJ br. 232/29 (Official Gazette of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, No. 232/29) |date= 1929| author= |language= Serbian |publisher=|isbn=}} 12. ^{{cite book|title=Prilog prošlosti gradskog parka u Zemunu od sedamdesetih godina XIX veka do 1914. godine (A contribution to the past history of the town park in Zemun from the 1870s to 1914) |date= | author= Miodrag A. Dabižić |language= Serbian, English |publisher=|isbn=}} 13. ^{{cite book | title = Final results of the population census of March 15th 1948, Volume IX, Population by ethnic nationality , page 300 | date = 1954 | publisher = Federal Statistical, Belgrade }} 14. ^1 2 3 {{cite book | title = Mala enciklopedija Prosveta |edition=I |volume=I & II | date = 1959 | editor = Oto Bihalji-Merin |display-editors=etal | publisher = Prosveta }} 15. ^1 2 {{cite book|title= Popis stanovništva 1953, Stanovništvo po narodnosti |date=|publisher=Savezni zavod za statistiku, Beograd}} 16. ^1 2 {{cite book|title= Popis stanovništva 1961, Stanovništvo prema nacionalnom sastavu (pdf)|date=|publisher=Savezni zavod za statistiku, Beograd}} 17. ^1 {{cite book | title = Comparative overview of the number of population in 1948, 1953, 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991, 2002 and 2011 – Data by settlements, pages 28-32 | date = 2014 | publisher = Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, Belgrade | isbn = 978-86-6161-109-4 }} NotesNotes:{{notes| notes ={{efn | name = n1 | not part of Belgrade}}{{efn | name = n2 | divided among several municipalities}} }} External links 4 : Geography of Belgrade|Municipalities of Belgrade|Belgrade-related lists|Serbia geography-related lists |
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