| 词条 | Sujud |
| 释义 |
Sujūd ({{lang-ar|سُجود}}, {{IPA-ar|sʊˈdʒuːd|}}), or sajdah ({{lang|ar|سجدة}}, {{IPA-ar|ˈsadʒda(tu)|pron}}), is an Arabic word meaning prostration to God ({{lang|ar|الله}} Allah) in the direction of the Kaaba at Mecca which is usually done during the daily prayers (salat). While in sujud, a Muslim is to praise and glorify Allah. The position involves having the forehead, nose, both hands, knees and all toes touching the ground together. OverviewSujud (prostration) is one of the main pillars of daily prayer in Islam. A single act of sujud is called a sajdah (plural sajadāt). Muslims do sujud several times in each prayer, depending on the number of raka'at of prayer: two sajadat are performed every raka'ah, and prayers vary in obligatory length between two and four raka'at (additional supererogatory raka'at are often performed as sunnah muakkadah, or emulation of the example of Muhammad as represented in the sahih hadith). A raka'ah is a unit of set actions that have to be performed in a prayer. The shortest fard (obligatory) Muslim prayer is that of fajr, performed immediately before sunrise. It consists of two raka'ah. The raka'ah can be described as follows:[1]
Points 1-7 define one raka'ah. Thus, the shortest prayer, that of fajr, contains four sajadat. For Hanafis, witr prayer is three raka'ahs, which is for them considered wajib, a level of necessity below that of fard but above all else: in practice, this makes witr obligatory.[1] While in sujud, the use of a turbah (a small piece of soil or clay, often a clay tablet), on which a person places their forehead, is compulsory in most Shi'a schools of Islam. Other types of sujudSajdah of thankfulnessThis is from the sunnah of the Islamic prophet Muhammad that whenever he used to hear news which would make him happy, he would make sujud to thank Allah. {{anchor|Sajdah of recitation}}Sajdah of recitation / TilawahDuring the recitation of the Qur'an and during loud recitation prayers there are fifteen places where, when Muhammad recited a certain ayah (verse), he prostrated to God. The verses are:
In most copies of the Qur'an these are indicated by the symbol ۩ , with an over-line on the word/s that invoked the prostration. Muslims must prostrate once in order to follow the Sunnah (example) of Muhammad and recite any one or more of the following along with Takbeer before and after the sujud,
Sajdah of forgetfulness{{Main|Sujud Sahwi}}Sujud Sahwi or Sajdah of forgetfulness occurs during the ritual salat prayer. Out of forgetfulness a person can either omit obligatory parts of salat (Qabli) or add to the salat (Ba'adi). In either cases the person corrects his/her salat by doing the Sujud Sahwi. Rule of direction of the sujudSujud is made only to God. In prayer, Muslims face the Kaaba in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, but make their sujud to God, not the Kaaba. The Kaaba is only a united direction that Muslims face as it is the order of God in the Qur'an. If any person claiming to be Muslim makes a sujud to any thing/deity/person other than God, he is considered a disbeliever, unless it is forced upon them. Sayings during sujudThere are numerous things that a Muslim can say during sujud as is evident from the example of Muhammad. Among them are duas (prayers for God's help), hamd (praising of God), tasbih (glorifying God) and statements of Muhammad which make a person humble. Muslims are not allowed to recite the Qur'an during sujud. During the obligatory sujud during prayer one recites, "{{lang|ar|{{script/Arabic|سُبْحَانَ رَبِّيَ الْأَعْلَى}}}}". See also
References1. ^1 2 {{cite book|last=Mohammad|first=Mamdouh N.|title=Salat: The Islamic Prayer from A to Z|year=2003|publisher=Dr Mahmdouh N Mohammad|isbn=978-0-9652877-4-6|pages=6–7|chapter=Overview of Salat}} External links{{commons category|Sujud}}
5 : Salat|Typography|Gestures of respect|Bowing|Salah terminology |
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